De regimine et constitutione reipublicae litterariae 2:2

Invokaatio: Q.F.F.Q.S.

De atmosphaera Veneris 1

Invokaatio: D.D.

De figura corporum

Invokaatio: Q.F.F.Q.S.

Níveis de mercúrio total em peixes de água doce de pisciculturas paulistas

Avaliou-se os níveis de mercúrio total em amostras de peixes de água doce, procedentes de pesqueiros e pisciculturas de 39 regiões do estado de São Paulo. As espécies de peixes estudadas foram: pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), piauçu (Leoporinum sp), matrinxã (Brycon cephalus), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e carpa (Cyprinus carpis). Foram avaliadas três metodologias de digestão de amostras para a determinação de mercúrio total, variando-se o volume de mistura sulfonítrica utilizada e a concentração do permanganato de potássio, sendo que o uso de 10mL de mistura sulfonítrica e solução de permanganato de potássio a 7% (m/v) na digestão da amostra foi a que forneceu as recuperações mais altas (96%), precisão de 1% e limite de quantificação de 0,3µg/kg. Após a validação do método, foram realizadas as determinações de teor de mercúrio total em 293 amostras de pescado, usando a técnica de espectrometria de emissão com fonte de plasma acoplado em gerador de hidretos. Os níveis médios de mercúrio encontrados variaram entre: tambaqui (0,0003-0,012mg/kg), carpa (0,063mg/kg), matrinxã (0,0003-0,074mg/kg), pacu (0,0003-0,078mg/kg), piauçu (0,0003-0,183mg/kg) e tilápia (0,0003-0,217mg/kg). Os resultados mostraram que nenhuma das amostras procedentes das diferentes regiões e diferentes pesque-pagues, apresentaram níveis de mercúrio total acima do permitido pela legislação brasileira, que é de 0,5mg/kg para pescado não-predador.

Carbohydrate composition of ripe pineapple (cv. perola) and the glycemic response in humans

Brazil is the third largest producer of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and the market for fresh pineapple is sustained by the Hawaii and Perola cultivars. In this work the Perola cultivar was divided into three main parts, shell, core and pulp, for characterization. Moisture in the pulp was higher (between 10 and 15%) than in the shell and core. The amount of protein was higher in the core (35%) than in the pulp and shell. Perola contained relatively low concentrations of total ascorbic acid in the edible parts, although higher levels of ascorbic acid in the shell. Citric acid corresponded to almost 60% of the total organic acids. The total soluble sugars [~7-12% (FW)] were predominantly sucrose, fructose and glucose. The core had almost twice as much total sugar (12%) than the pulp (6.8%). The amount of insoluble dietary fiber was around 1%, and the soluble fiber was less than 0.1%. The pulp showed the highest concentration of polyphenols (0.49%) and antioxidant activity (33 µmol.g-1) out of the parts. The consumption of the pineapple pulp or core produced a high glycemic index (~93%), but considering the glycemic load, this fruit can be considered as low dietary.

Clinical and pathological correlations of C4d immunostaining and its infl uence on the outcome of kidney transplant recipients

INTRODUCTION: C4d is a marker of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in kidney allografts, although cellular rejection also have C4d deposits. OBJECTIVE: To correlate C4d expression with clinico-pathological parameters and graft outcomes at three years. METHODS: One hundred forty six renal transplantation recipients with graft biopsies by indication were included. C4d staining was performed by paraffin-immunohistochemistry. Graft function and survival were measured, and predictive variables of the outcome were determined by multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: C4d staining was detected in 48 (31%) biopsies, of which 23 (14.7%) had diffuse and 25 (16%) focal distribution. Pre-transplantation panel reactive antibodies (%PRA) class I and II were significantly higher in C4d positive patients as compared to those C4d negative. Both glomerulitis and pericapillaritis were associated to C4d (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). The presence of C4d in biopsies diagnosed as no rejection (NR), acute cellular rejection (ACR) or interstitial fibrosis/ tubular atrophy (IF/TA) did not impact graft function or survival. Compared to NR, ACR and IF/TA C4d-, patients with ABMR C4d+ had the worst graft survival over 3 years (p = 0.034), but there was no difference between ABMR versus NR, ACR and IF/TA that were C4d positive (p = 0.10). In Cox regression, graft function at biopsy and high %PRA levels were predictors of graft loss. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that C4d staining in kidney graft biopsies is a clinically useful marker of ABMR, with well defined clinical and pathological correlations. The impact of C4d deposition in other histologic diagnoses deserves further investigation.

Sedimentology of the Sixteen Mile Creek Lagoon, Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, Canada

The effec s of relative water level changes in Lake Ontario were detected in the ysical, chemical and biological characteristics of the sediments of the Fifteen, Sixteen and Twenty Mile Creek lagoonal complexes. Regional environmental changes have occurred resulting in the following sequence of sediments in the three lagoons and marsh. From the base up they are; (I) Till,(2) Pink Clay, (3) Bottom Sand, (4) Gyttja, (5) Orange Sandy Silt, (6) Brown Clay and (7) Gray Clay. The till was only encountered in the marsh and channel; however, it is presumed to occur throughout the entire area. The presence of diatoms and sponge spicules, the vertical and ongitudinal uniformity of the sediment and the stratigr ic position of the Pink Clay indicate that it has a glacial or post-glacial lacustrine origin. Overl ng the Pink Clay or Till is a clayey, silty sand to gravel. The downstream fining and unsorted nature of this material indicate that it has a fluvial/deltaic origin. Water levels began rising in the lagoon 3,250 years ago resulting in the deposition of the Gyttja, a brown, organic-rich silty clay probably deposited in a shallow, stagnant environment as shown by the presence of pyrite in the organic material and relatively high proportions of benthic diatoms and grass pollen. Increase in the rate of deposition of the Gyttja on Twenty Mile Creek and a decrease in the same unit on Sixteen Mile Creek is possibly the result of a capture of the Sixteen Mile Creek by the Twenty Mile Creek. The rise in lake level responsible for the onset and transgression of this III unit may have been produced by isostatic rebound; however, the deposition also corresponds closely to a drop in the level of Lake Huron and increased flow through the lower lakes. The o ange Sandy Silt, present only in the marsh, appears to be a buried soil horizon as shown by oxidized roots, and may be the upland equivalant to the Gyttja. Additional deepening resulted in the deposition of Brown Clay, a unit which only occurs at the lakeward end of the three lagoons. The decrease in grass pollen and the relatively high proportion of pelagic diatoms are evidence for this. The deepening may be the result of isostatic rebound; however, the onset of its deposition at 1640 years B.P. is synchronous in the three lagoons and corresponds to the end of the subAtlantic climatic episode. The effects of the climatic change in southern Ontario is uncertain. Average deposition rates of the Brown Clay are similar to those in the upper Gyttja on Sixteen Mile Creek; however, Twenty Mile Creek shows lower rates of the Brown Clay than those in the upper Gyttja. The Gray Clay covers the present bottom of the three lagoons and also occurs in the marsh It is inter1aminated wi sand in the channels. Increases in the rates of deposi ion, high concentrations of Ca and Zn, an Ambrosia rise, and an increase in bioturbation possibly due to the activities of the carp, indicate th this unit is a recent deposit resulting from the activities of man.

Introducción al estudio de la medicina legal mexicana

UANL

Successful strategies for the implementation of land reform : a peasants’ account from the Philippines

Entre 1988 et 2008, les Philippines ont mis en oeuvre le Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) qui visait à redistribuer 9 million d‟hectares de terres agricoles aux paysans sans terre. En dépit des échappatoires du programme et d‟une structure sociale très inégale qui freinent sa mise en oeuvre, ce modèle de réforme agraire présente des résultats surprenants alors que 82% des terres ont été redistribuées. Concernant les terres plus litigieuses appartenant à des intérêts privés, Borras soutient que le succès surprenant de plusieurs cas de luttes agraires s‟explique par l‟utilisation de la stratégie bibingka qui consiste à appliquer de la pression par le bas et par le haut afin de forcer la redistribution. Sa théorie cependant ne donne que peu de détails concernant les éléments qui rendent un cas plus ou moins litigieux. Elle ne traite pas non plus de la manière dont les éléments structurels et l‟action collective interagissent pour influencer le résultat des luttes agraires. Dans ce mémoire, nous nous attardons d‟abord à la manière dont certains éléments structurels – le type de récolte et le type de relation de production - influencent le degré de résistance des propriétaires terriens face aux processus du CARP, contribuant ainsi à rendre les cas plus ou moins litigieux. Ensuite nous analysons l‟influence du contexte structurel et des stratégies paysannes sur le résultat de la mise en oeuvre du programme de réforme agraire. Pour répondre à nos deux questions de recherche, nous présentons quatre études de cas situés dans la province de Cebu.

Biochemical and Storage Characteristics of Myofibrillar Protein ( Surimi ) from Freshwater Major Carps

School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology

Thermal stability of myofibrillar protein from Indian major carps

The characteristics and stability of natural actomyosin (NAM) from rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) were investigated. The total extractable actomyosin (AM) was higher (7.60mgml−1) in the case of rohu compared with that from catla and mrigal (5mgml−1). Although the specific AM ATPase activity was similar (0.43–0.5 μmolPmin−1 mgP−1) among the three species, the total ATPase activity was lower in mrigal (25 μmol g−1 meat) compared with the other species (37 μmol g−1 meat). The inactivation rate constants (kd) of AM Ca ATPase activity showed differences in the stabilities of actomyosin among these fish, the actomyosin from catla being least stable. The NAM from these species was stable up to 20 ◦C at pH 7.0. Catla AM became unstable at 30 ◦C, while rohu and mrigal AM could withstand up to 45 ◦C. The thermal denaturation with respect to solubility, turbidity, ATPase activity, sulphhydryl group and surface hydrophobicity showed noticeable changes at around these temperatures

La Monarqu??a Asturiana

Los dibujos de la gu??a del pintor Juan Zaratiegui corresponden a los bocetos originales que sirvieron para elaborar las medallas conmemorativas de los doce Reyes asturianos

Pr??cticas educativas paternas y problemas internalizantes y externalizantes en adolescentes espa??oles

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Análisis Prospectivo de la Fundación Red de Mujeres de Cundinamarca - REDEMUC a 2031

El presente documento, en su primera parte, se hace un breve resumen de los antecedentes y evolución de la mujer empresaria en el mundo, en Colombia y Cundinamarca. En su segunda parte, se muestra un resumen sobre el origen, evolución e importancia de las fundaciones (ONG’s) en el mundo, en Colombia y Cundinamarca. En su tercera parte, se da a conocer un análisis descriptivo de la Fundación Red de Mujeres de Cundinamarca, por medio de una entrevista concedida por su fundadora y presidenta, María del Carmen Colina. En su cuarta parte, se muestra una breve presentación del estudio prospectivo, dando a conocer su temática, principales autores y metodología. En su quinta, sexta y séptima parte se desarrolla el caso práctico: “prospectiva de la Red de Mujeres de Cundinamarca 2012-2031”, por medio de la utilización del software MIC MAC, MACTOR Y SMIC. Todo este trabajo fue desarrollado gracias a una revisión bibliográfica de aproximadamente 130 textos, artículos, tesis de grado de la Universidad del Rosario, noticias y publicaciones. La ultima parte del documento refleja las conclusiones y recomendaciones para la Fundación Red de Mujeres de Cundinamarca.

La efectividad de diferentes métodos de la enseñanza de la lecto-escritura en español. Una revisión de literatura

Para la enseñanza de lecto-escritura de español en niños existen diferentes métodos usados por los profesores. La importancia de los métodos de lecto-escritura usados para los niños de la primera infancia se vincula con el futuro educativo y profesional de la persona. Por tanto, la preocupación de este trabajo es hacer una revisión de literatura sobre cuáles son los métodos usados por las diferentes instituciones y evaluar la efectividad de dichos métodos en la enseñanza de lecto-escritura. Se hace la revisión de 26 artículos, de los cuales 15 son estudios hechos por diferentes autores para evaluar la efectividad de los diferentes métodos. En el contexto de los artículos revisados se encuentra el método global, el sintético, el fonético, el silábico, el ecléctico, junto con estrategias pictofónicas y el programa de Experiencias Comunicativas en Situaciones variadas de lectura y escritura (ECOS). Los hallazgos permiten concluir que sí hay métodos más efectivos que otros en la enseñanza de lecto-escritura de español en niños. También se puede concluir de acuerdo a la revisión, que la familiaridad de las palabras y el entrenamiento en habilidades fonológicas juega un papel importante en el desempeño de los niños en la realización de las diferentes tareas.