956 resultados para CR 864.4 R741u
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Este trabalho estuda o perfil metalúrgico de revestimentos em dutos depositados pelos processos MIG C e MIG AF. A indústria petroquímica, e outras que utilizam dutos como meio de transporte de seus insumos, depara-se com um grande desafio: como aumentar a vida útil desses dutos em um ambiente severo de trabalho. No caso específico da petroquímica, os dutos servem como meio de transporte para petróleo e gás, que são produtos extremamente agressivos às paredes internas desses tubos que sofrem degradação por corrosão causada, principalmente, pela composição química, pressão e temperatura desses produtos. Nesse contexto a soldagem de revestimentos realizada com ligas à base de Níquel, torna-se uma excelente opção para a construção, reparo e manutenção de equipamentos cuja aplicação seja voltada a ambientes severos de trabalho, tornando possível aperfeiçoar as características requeridas, como por exemplo, a resistência à corrosão. É nesse cenário que surge o mote para a realização desta pesquisa, baseada em trabalhos que indicam que o processo de soldagem MIG/MAG com o da adição de arame frio possui a finalidade de avaliar as características metalúrgicas do revestimento em dutos depositados pelo processo derivativo MIG convencional – MIG-C e MIG com adição de arame frio – MIG AF – utilizando a liga de Níquel ERNiCrMo-4 em dutos de aço carbono. As soldas foram depositadas em dutos de diâmetro de 228,6 mm, formando uma camada de revestimento interno de quatro passes, divididos em três segmentos da circunferência do duto, em três diferentes energias de soldagem: 1,1; 0,9 e 0,7 kJ/mm. Desses segmentos retiraram-se corpos de prova dos dutos para a produção das amostras. Após a metalografia, realizada nas amostras, seguiu-se com a análise e caracterização ao microscópio óptico, microscópio eletrônico de varredura e ensaio de microdureza. Os revestimentos apresentaram excelente qualidade superficial para todos os pacotes operacionais aplicados na obtenção das soldas. As análises das regiões estudadas: metal de base; zona parcialmente misturada e zona termicamente afetada, mostraram-se compatíveis com os da literatura estudada, tanto para o MIG com adição de arame frio, quanto para o convencional. Na ZTA, foram observados valores de Tungstênio em torno de 1,0%, o aumento dos níveis de dureza foi creditado a esse fato. Os resultados de microdureza indicaram que para ambos os casos, MIG C e MIG AF, nas 4 regiões analisadas ocorreram de maneira semelhante, sendo a região da ZTA a que apresentou maiores valores na faixa de 400 a 500 HV, enquanto que nas demais regiões a faixa ficou entre 250 a 350 HV. Os resultados indicam que o processo com arame frio, MIG AF, mostrou-se tão eficiente quanto o convencional, MIG C. A energia de soldagem aumentou a diluição de Fe no metal de solda. Precipitados ricos em Mo e Cr foram encontrados no metal de solda.
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Neste trabalho investigamos as propriedades magnéticas de currais de Fe, Cr e Mn adsorvidos sobre a superfície de Pt(111) utilizando o método RS-LMTO-ASA (Real Space Linear Muffin Tin Orbital - Atomic Sphere Approximation), o qual é um método de primeiros princípios baseado na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT-Density Functional Theory), que permite o cálculo de estruturas magnéticas não-colineares. Obtivemos que os átomos de Fe apresentam momentos magnéticos elevados, da ordem de 3.5µB /átomo, e têm uma interação de troca entre primeiros vizinhos forte e ferro-magnética. Isto leva a um arranjo magnético colinear no curral. Para os currais de Mn e Cr encontramos que estes possuem elevado momento magnético, da ordem de 4.51µB /átomo e 4.15µB /átomo, respectivamente, e interações de troca entre primeiros vizinhos antiferro-magnéticas. Isto conduz a arranjos magnéticos colineares em currais simples, assim como interessantes ordenamentos não-colineares, tais como estruturas tipo vértice (skyrmions), para os currais com uma geometria particular onde o antiferromagnetismo se apresenta frustado.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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The aim of the present study was to determine clinical parameters for the use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity. Two antagonist areas were determined as control and experimental areas for irradiation in 90 premolar roots. Each surface was conditioned with 24% EDTA (sub-group 1) and 35% phosphoric acid (sub-group 2) and irradiated with the following settings: 1) Er:YAG, 60 mJ, 2 Hz, defocused; groups 2 to 9: irradiation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser, 20 Hz, Z6 tip, 0% of air and water: 2) Er,Cr:YSGG 0.25 W; 3) 0.5 W; 4) 0.75 W; 5) 1.0 W; 6) 1.25 W, 7) 1.50 W, 8) 2 W; 9) 2 W. After irradiation, samples were immersed in methylene blue solution and included in epoxy resin to obtain longitudinal cuts. The images were digitalized and analyzed by computer software. Although the samples irradiated with Er:YAG laser showed less microleakage, sub-group 1 showed differences between the groups, differing statistically from groups 3, 6, and 9. The results of sub-group 2 showed that the mean values of Er:YAG samples showed a negative trend, however, no differences were detected between the groups. For scanning electron microscopy analysis, dentine squares were obtained and prepared to evaluate the superficial morphology. Partial closure of dentinal tubules was observed after irradiation with Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser in the 0.25 and 0.50 W protocols. As the energy densities rose, open dentinal tubules, carbonization and cracks were observed. It can be concluded that none of the parameters were capable of eliminating microleakage, however, clinical studies with Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers should be conducted with the lowest protocols in order to determine the most satisfactory setting for dentine hypersensitivity.
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Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a painful condition and is a clinical challenge due to the different treatment strategies available. High-intensity lasers have been studied as a possible option. The aim of this randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical study was to evaluate the effects of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers on DH. The study group comprised 28 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. A visual analogue scale was used to quantify sensitivity before treatment as baseline, immediately before and immediately after treatment, and 1 week and 1 month after treatment. Teeth were assigned to four groups: group 1 control (no treatment), group 2 Er:YAG laser treatment (2 Hz/32.4 mJ/5.9 J/cm(2)), group 3 Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment (0.25 W/4.4 J/cm(2)), and group 4 Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment (0.50 W/ 8.9 J/cm(2)). Data were collected and submitted to statistical analysis for both evaporative (air) and mechanical (probe) stimulation. For both the air and probe stimulation no differences were observed between the pretreatment sensitivities. With the evaporative stimulus, the pain level immediately after treatment was reduced; however, after this the values remained stable. Irradiation with the Er:YAG laser was associated with the lowest level of pain. With the mechanical stimulus, group 4 showed the most pronounced decrease in pain immediately after treatment; however, by the end of the study, pain levels had increased. Groups 1, 2 and 3 showed a reduction in pain that was significantly different from that in group 4 after the 4 weeks of clinical follow up. Based on the results and within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that none of the laser treatments studied was capable of completely eliminating pain, but the Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers are suitable for the treatment of DH.
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Shear bond strength between Ni-Cr alloy bonded to a ceramic substrate Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between a Ni-Cr alloy and a ceramic system submitted or not to thermocycling. Materials and methods: Forty-eight cylinder blocks of Ni-Cr with 3.0 mm diameter by 4.0 mm hight and 48 disc-shaped specimens (7.0 mm in diameter by 2.0 mm thick) composed of ceramic were prepared. The Ni-Cr cylinder blocks were randomised in two groups of 24 specimens each. One group was submitted to air-particle abrasion (sandblasting) with 50 mu m Al2O3 (0.4-0.7 MPa) during 20 s, and the other group was submitted to mechanical retentions with carbide burrs. Each group was subdivided into other two groups (n = 12), submitted or not to thermocycling (500 cycles, 5-55 degrees C). The cylinder blocks were bonded to the disc-shaped ceramic specimens under 10 N of load. The shear bond strengths (MPa) were measured using a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min and 200 kgf of load. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's test). Results: The air-particle abrasion group exhibited significantly higher shear bond strength when compared to drilled group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Thermocycling decreased significantly the bond strengths for all groups tested.
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In this study, we investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes among 101 ciprofloxacin-resistant urinary Escherichia coli isolates and searched for mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes in PMQR-carrying isolates. Eight isolates harboured the qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes (3 qnrS1, 1 qnrB19 and 4 aac(6')-Ib-cr). A mutational analysis of the QRDRs in qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr-positive isolates revealed mutations in gyrA, parC and parE that might be associated with high levels of resistance to quinolones. No mutation was detected in gyrB. Rare gyrA, parC and parE mutations were detected outside of the QRDRs. This is the first report of qnrB19, qnrS1 and aac(6')-Ib-cr-carrying E. coli isolates in Brazil.
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Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit waren die Synthese und Untersuchung von Modellverbindungen zur Sauerstoffaktivierung auf der Basis neuer Ligandensysteme des 1,3,4-Thiadiazols unter Ausarbeitung einer Synthesestrategie zur Derivatisierung der heteroaromatischen 1,3,4-Thiadiazol-Liganden, deren Koordinationsverhalten in Abhängigkeit ihres 2,5-Substitutionsmusters untersucht wurde, sowie die fortführende Bearbeitung bereits bekannter Ligandensysteme zur Erzeugung von homo- und heterovalenten Übergangsmetallkomplexverbindungen.rnDie unter der Verwendung der modifizierten Liganden TPDE, H1TPDP und H1BPMP resultierenden dinuklearen Komplexverbindungen zeigen unterschiedlich starke antiferromagnetische Wechselwirkungen in Abhängigkeit der vorhandenen Brückenliganden. In der Verbindung [Fe6O2(OH)(L´)2(OOCMe3)9(OEt)2] trat eine Fragmentierung des Liganden H1TPDP auf. Das cisoide Ligandensubstitutionsmuster der entstandenen sechskernigen Verbindung ist verantwortlich für die interessanten magnetischen Eigenschaften des Komplexes. rnNeue Perspektiven zur Erzeugung von Modellverbindungen zur Sauerstoffaktivierung wurden mit dem Mono-Chelatliganden H1ETHP und den Bis-Chelatliganden HL2H, H2L2H und H2BATP aufgezeigt. Die Umsetzung von H1ETHP mit verschiedenen Übergangsmetallsalzen resultierte für die Metalle Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(III) und Ni(II) in mononuklearen Verbindungen des Typs [M(ETHP)2]X (X = ClO4, FeCl4, OMe, Cl, Br) sowie in zwei tetranuklearen Verbindungen mit Mn(II) und Cu(II). [Mn4(ETHP)6] besitzt ein propellerförmiges, planares [Mn4O6]2+-System mit einen Spingrundzustand von S = 5. In allen Verbindungen von H1ETHP konnte eine mono-κN-Koordination des 1,3,4-Thiadiazol-Rückgrates über eines seiner beiden endozyklischen Stickstoffdonoratome beobachtet werden. rnAus Umsetzungen der Bis-Chelatliganden wurden fast ausschließlich polynukleare Übergangsmetallkomplexe erhalten. Insbesondere der Ligand H2L2H zeigt eine ausgeprägte Tendenz zur Ausbildung trinuklearer, linearer Komplexe, welche auf Grund ihrer ungeraden Anzahl von Übergangsmetallionen einen Spingrundzustand S ≠ 0 aufweisen.rn Die mit dem Liganden HL2H erhaltenen Verbindungen unterstreichen die hohe Flexibilität dieser Systeme hinsichtlich der Erzeugung polynuklearer und heterovalenter Komplexverbindungen. So konnten in Abhängigkeit vom verwendeten Übergangsmetallsalz trinukleare, pentanukleare, aber auch hepta- und oktanukleare Verbindungen synthetisiert werden. Insbesondere die Komplexe des Mangans und des Cobalts zeigen ein heterovalentes [MnIIMnIII4]- bzw. [CoII2CoIII3]-Motiv, was sich in Spingrundzuständen von S ≠ 0 äußert. Der diamagnetische, achtkernige Fe8-Cluster besitzt eine pseudo C3-symmetrische Anordnung der Metall-Zentren, während für die heptanukleare Cu7-Kette durch ihre stark unterschiedlichen Kupfer-Koordinationsgeometrien interessante magnetische Austauschwechselwirkungen beobachtet werden konnten. Der dreikernige µ3-oxo-verbrückte Komplex des Liganden H2BATP zeigt als interessante strukturelle Eigenschaft ein ein µ3-Verbrückungsmuster des eingesetzten Sulfat-Anions. rnIn allen Komplexen der Bis-Chelatliganden HL2H, H2L2H und H2BATP konnte ein µ2-κN,κN-Koordiantionsmodus des 1,3,4-Thiadiazols und somit eine Abhängigkeit der Verbrückung vom Ligandensubstitutionsmuster beobachtet werden.rn