An Open Virtual World for Professional Development

The paper presents a study that focuses on the issue of sup-porting educational experts to choose the right combination of educational methodology and technology tools when designing training and learning programs. It is based on research in the field of adaptive intelligent e-learning systems. The object of study is the professional growth of teachers in technology and in particular that part of their qualification which is achieved by organizing targeted training of teachers. The article presents the process of creating and testing a system to support the decision on the design of training for teachers, leading to more effective implementation of technology in education and integration in diverse educational contexts. ACM Computing Classification System (1998): H.4.2, I.2.1, I.2, I.2.4, F.4.1.

The teaching of reading English in a foreign language in Libyan universities: methods and models

This study focuses on the learning and teaching of Reading in English as a Foreign Language (REFL), in Libya. The study draws on an action research process in which I sought to look critically at students and teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Libya as they learned and taught REFL in four Libyan research sites. The Libyan EFL educational system is influenced by two main factors: the method of teaching the Holy-Quran and the long-time ban on teaching EFL by the former Libyan regime under Muammar Gaddafi. Both of these factors have affected the learning and teaching of REFL and I outline these contextual factors in the first chapter of the thesis. This investigation, and the exploration of the challenges that Libyan university students encounter in their REFL, is supported by attention to reading models. These models helped to provide an analytical framework and starting point for understanding the many processes involved in reading for meaning and in reading to satisfy teacher instructions. The theoretical framework I adopted was based, mainly and initially, on top-down, bottom-up, interactive and compensatory interactive models. I drew on these models with a view to understanding whether and how the processes of reading described in the models could be applied to the reading of EFL students and whether these models could help me to better understand what was going on in REFL. The diagnosis stage of the study provided initial data collected from four Libyan research sites with research tools including video-recorded classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers before and after lesson observation, and think-aloud protocols (TAPs) with 24 students (six from each university) in which I examined their REFL reading behaviours and strategies. This stage indicated that the majority of students shared behaviours such as reading aloud, reading each word in the text, articulating the phonemes and syllables of words, or skipping words if they could not pronounce them. Overall this first stage indicated that alternative methods of teaching REFL were needed in order to encourage ‘reading for meaning’ that might be based on strategies related to eventual interactive reading models adapted for REFL. The second phase of this research project was an Intervention Phase involving two team-teaching sessions in one of the four stage one universities. In each session, I worked with the teacher of one group to introduce an alternative method of REFL. This method was based on teaching different reading strategies to encourage the students to work towards an eventual interactive way of reading for meaning. A focus group discussion and TAPs followed the lessons with six students in order to discuss the 'new' method. Next were two video-recorded classroom observations which were followed by an audio-recorded discussion with the teacher about these methods. Finally, I conducted a Skype interview with the class teacher at the end of the semester to discuss any changes he had made in his teaching or had observed in his students' reading with respect to reading behaviour strategies, and reactions and performance of the students as he continued to use the 'new' method. The results of the intervention stage indicate that the teacher, perhaps not surprisingly, can play an important role in adding to students’ knowledge and confidence and in improving their REFL strategies. For example, after the intervention stage, students began to think about the title, and to use their own background knowledge to comprehend the text. The students employed, also, linguistic strategies such as decoding and, above all, the students abandoned the behaviour of reading for pronunciation in favour of reading for meaning. Despite the apparent efficacy of the alternative method, there are, inevitably, limitations related to the small-scale nature of the study and the time I had available to conduct the research. There are challenges, too, related to the students’ first language, the idiosyncrasies of the English language, the teacher training and continuing professional development of teachers, and the continuing political instability of Libya. The students’ lack of vocabulary and their difficulties with grammatical functions such as phrasal and prepositional verbs, forms which do not exist in Arabic, mean that REFL will always be challenging. Given such constraints, the ‘new’ methods I trialled and propose for adoption can only go so far in addressing students’ difficulties in REFL. Overall, the study indicates that the Libyan educational system is underdeveloped and under resourced with respect to REFL. My data indicates that the teacher participants have received little to no professional developmental that could help them improve their teaching in REFL and skills in teaching EFL. These circumstances, along with the perennial problem of large but varying class sizes; student, teacher and assessment expectations; and limited and often poor quality resources, affect the way EFL students learn to read in English. Against this background, the thesis concludes by offering tentative conclusions; reflections on the study, including a discussion of its limitations, and possible recommendations designed to improve REFL learning and teaching in Libyan universities.

Effets d’un dispositif de formation exploitant des vidéos d’exemples de pratiques sur le développement d’une compétence professionnelle chez des enseignants du primaire

Cette recherche avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet du dispositif de formation « Zoom sur l’expertise pédagogique », ou, plus précisément, d’évaluer l’effet d’un parcours de formation créé grâce à ce dispositif et intégrant des exemples de pratiques sur vidéo sur les apprentissages et les intentions de changement de pratique d’un groupe d’enseignants du primaire relativement à la compétence professionnelle « Piloter des situations d’enseignement-apprentissage ». La réforme des programmes scolaires, qui s’installe progressivement depuis 2001, modifie considérablement les orientations en matière d’apprentissage et d’enseignement. Sa réussite repose notamment sur l’appropriation de nouvelles compétences professionnelles souvent difficiles à développer pour le personnel enseignant. À ces besoins de formation, les modalités de formation continue proposées ne semblaient répondre que partiellement. Le dispositif a été développé dans le but de soutenir le personnel enseignant dans l’appropriation de ce renouveau pédagogique et propose de nouvelles stratégies de formation basées principalement sur l’observation et l’analyse d’exemples de pratiques sur vidéo et enrichis de divers outils stimulant la réflexion sur la pratique. Sa conception s’inscrit dans un contexte d’émergence d’initiatives similaires. Néanmoins, beaucoup de questions restaient en suspens quant aux effets réels de ces dispositifs sur le développement professionnel des enseignants. Afin de réaliser une évaluation de ce dispositif, nous avons créé un parcours de formation que six enseignants ont réalisé. Ces personnes ont ensuite participé à deux entrevues semi-dirigées et ont partagé les notes prises durant la formation. Un cadre théorique a été développé, permettant de dégager trois questions de recherche : « Quels ont été les effets du dispositif de formation sur les savoirs relatifs aux composantes de la compétence ciblée ? » ; « Quels ont été les effets du dispositif de formation sur les intentions de changement de pratique des enseignants ? » ; « Comment améliorer le dispositif pour mieux soutenir le développement professionnel des enseignants ? ». Ce cadre a par la suite guidé l’analyse et l’interprétation des données recueillies. Une quantité substantielle d’informations a été obtenue permettant de mieux comprendre et documenter le rôle d’un tel dispositif de formation en ligne et des vidéos qui le composent. Nous avons pu confirmer leur effet positif sur le développement professionnel. Nous retenons notamment que les enseignants sont en mesure de mieux définir les composantes de la compétence ciblée par la formation, ils ont confirmé leur sentiment d’avoir appris, ils ont tous exprimé l'intention d’apporter des changements dans leur pratique. Tous ont grandement apprécié le parcours et ses vidéos, notamment la possibilité qu’elles leur offraient de s’identifier à des pairs et d’envisager des pistes de mise en application plus concrètes de leurs nouvelles connaissances. Par ailleurs, les commentaires et les suggestions des participants ont permis de dégager des pistes d’amélioration telles que la diminution de la quantité de vidéos, du nombre d’éléments de compétence présentés, ou l’augmentation de compléments pédagogiques accompagnant les vidéos. Ces pistes devraient toutefois être précisées et étudiées ce qui génère de nouvelles questions de recherches.

Le téléenseignement avec la vidéoconférence et le développement professionnel d’enseignants du collégial

Beaucoup de cégeps voient leurs programmes techniques menacés à cause de la baisse démographique et de l’exode des jeunes. Cette situation est directement reliée à l’offre de formation : 46,1 % ont dû quitter leur région, car le programme d’études choisi n’y était pas offert. C’est en Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine que pourrait s’effectuer la plus importante chute de clientèle, soit une baisse de plus de 40 % par rapport à l’effectif observé à l’automne 2008 (Bezy, 2011). Ce constat amène aussi son lot de questions quant au développement professionnel des enseignants. Un projet novateur se réalise dans cette région et pourrait aider à changer la situation. En effet, le cégep de la Gaspésie et des Iles a instauré une initiative de téléenseignement dans deux programmes (techniques de comptabilité et de gestion, soins infirmiers). Cette recherche vise à décrire les défis et obstacles auxquels sont confrontés les enseignants en processus de changement, ainsi que les avantages et bénéfices perçus de la pratique du téléenseignement, les changements de pratiques pédagogiques particuliers à la vidéoconférence, selon les différents niveaux d’adoption de la technologie. Pour mesurer ces différents aspects de leur pratique, le modèle CBAM (Hall & Hord, 2006) a été utilisé ainsi que le modèle de développement professionnel de (Clarke & Hollingsworth, 2002). Les résultats ont été obtenus par questionnaires (SoC et TAM) et entrevues (LoU et autres questions sur les principaux thèmes de cette recherche), ils permettent de dresser un portrait détaillé du rôle de ces enseignants tout en répondant aux objectifs de recherche. Des profils individuels et de groupes sont présentés pour cerner les caractéristiques de leur développement professionnel dans le cadre de cette innovation. Les résultats montrent de grandes similitudes entre les cas de l’échantillon (6 enseignants) et il ressort que les thèmes les plus préoccupants pour ces enseignants sont la gestion de classe et les défis techniques et pédagogiques que le téléenseignement implique.

A linguagem da reflexão de uma professora de Língua Inglesa: um estudo de caso sob a perspectiva do sistema de avaliatividade

Research about teacher education, carried out in the area of Applied Linguistics (AL), reveals the importance of reflective practices in the professional development of teachers. With the aim of contributing to this area, we present this case study conducted at a technical school in Natal, RN. The corpus of the study is formed mainly from the teacher‟s discourse, generated during a stimulated recall session and the instruments used to collect the data: an initial questionnaire, a video recording of a class and the text transcript of the stimulated recall session. The central objective is to understand the way in which the reflection-on-action (SCHÖN, 1983, 1987) can contribute to raise the awareness of an English as a Foreign Language teacher (EFL) about her actions in the classroom. With this proposal, we begin our discussion presenting the origins, the presuppositions and characteristics of the concept of reflection according to Schön (1983, 1987), and supported by other authors (PERRENOUD, 2002; GÓMEZ, 1995; IMBERNÓN, 2009, among others); of critical reflection (LISTON e ZEICHNER, 1993; PIMENTA, 2002; DUTRA e MELLO, 2004, among others); and of the process of critical reflection (SMYTH, 1992). To evidence the reflections that emerge in the teacher‟s discourse, we found support in the theories and methods of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), which was initially proposed by Halliday (1985, 1994), Halliday and Hasan (1989), Halliday and Matthiessen (2004) and followers, such as, Eggins (1994), Thompson (1996), among others. We focus mainly on the subsystem of Attitude, an integral component of the system of discourse resources, Appraisal, presented by Martin (2000), Martin and Rose (2003, 2007), Martin and White (2005). The results reveal that the actions of the teacher in the classroom reflect not only her professional experiences, but also her values and concepts about teaching/learning languages. The results also show the teacher‟s awareness of the need for changes in her practices. Faced with these findings, we believe that this study reveals important concepts that can direct teacher educators to rethink new ways of approaching teacher training courses. In addition, it also reveals the importance of discourse analysis based on a systemic functional approach.

Clima organizacional escolar: implicações para o desenvolvimento profissional docente

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The Role of Relationships in the Professional Formation of Physicians

BACKGROUND: Studies of the professional development of physicians highlight the important effect that the learning environment, or \"hidden curriculum,\" has in shaping student attitudes, behaviors, and values. We conducted this study to better understand the role that relationships have in mediating these effects of the hidden curriculum. [See PDF for complete abstract]

Male teachers, homophobia, misogyny and teacher education

Placing issues of homophobia and anti-lesbianism on the agenda of teacher education programmes often meets with resistance from some students, and others. Such resistance is indicative of broader attempts to maintain the straight face of schooling. However, one way in which it is possible to place such issues on the agenda in schooling and teacher education is to demonstrate how these discourses impact upon all students and teachers. A current opening for raising such matters within teacher education programmes is the problematisation of the calls for more male teachers, calls that are becoming pervasive in many Western education systems. Within the drives to attract more male teachers to the profession there is usually a silence relating to the ways in which homophobia and its counterpart, misogyny, work to construct normalised notions of teachers. This paper examines the ways in which these silences perpetuate existing gender regimes in schools to the detriment of female teachers, girls, and marginalised male teachers and boys. It then suggests that teacher education programmes use this topic to demonstrate the impact of homophobia and misogyny on all involved in education.

Collaborative Teacher Educator Professional Development in Europe: Different Voices, One Goal

In this paper we present an embedded case study focussed on the learning activities provided for and by us through our involvement in an international forum focused on the professional development of teacher educators. The aim of this research was to get more insights into the complicated processes of professional learning across national borders. Data included personal narratives about learning and documentary analysis of written accounts of the forums’ activities. Following a collaborative self-study approach we utilised an interactive exploration of the data, using coding techniques derived from grounded theory. We conclude that our professional learning can be seen through two inter-related perspectives. The first perspective is the interplay between our own learning and the ways in which we want to support colleagues in their professional development. The second perspective is the reciprocal effect of working in national as well as in transnational contexts. By studying our professional learning processes we developed insights in how a shared communal international forum can be established without losing individual voices and national perspectives. Moreover, by our involvement in an international forum we also continue to develop our own self-understanding as ‘educators of teacher educators’.

A formação dos educadores de infância: estratégias e práticas. Estudo realizado num agrupamento de escolas na zona Norte de Portugal

Trabalho de Projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação - Especialização em Supervisão Pedagógica

Receção estética do texto e promoção da educação literária : trabalho colaborativo interdisciplinar

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Supervisão e Avaliação Escolar.