La forma i el color : descripci?? gr??fico-pl??stica de formes. Adquisici?? de conductes anal??tiques. 'La forma y el color : descripci??n gr??fico-pl??stica de formas. Adquisici??n de conductas anal??ticas'

Cr??dito para el ??rea de Ense??anza Visual y Pl??stica. Tiene por objetivo que el alumnado aprenda a situarse delante de cualquier obra gr??fico-pl??stica de tal manera que vaya comprendiendo la totalidad del mensaje, tanto del contenido como del continente. Se trabajan, b??sicamente, los elementos visuales despu??s de reforzar, a partir de la observaci??n, los elementos conceptuales que, en su conjunto, constituyen los elementos gen??ricos de todo el lenguaje visual. La diversidad de actividades de aprendizaje propuestas en la programaci??n del cr??dito est??n orientadas hacia la obtenci??n, por parte del alumnado, de la comprensi??n y aplicaci??n de los elementos configuradores de formas y necesarios para su representaci??n.

Terapia de aceptaci??n y compromiso (ACT) y psicoterapia anal??tica funcional (FAP) : fundamentos, caracter??sticas y precauciones

Resumen tomado de la revista

La investigaci??n etnogr??fica en el campo de la educaci??n : una aproximaci??n meta-anal??tica

Obtener informaci??n de cu??les son las concepciones y las pr??cticas m??s arraigadas de la investigaci??n etnogr??fica en el Estado espa??ol por un lado y por otro, contrastar y valorar en qu?? medida esas concepciones y pr??cticas se articulan dentro de determinadas concepciones te??ricas sobre la investigaci??n etnogr??fica. Investigadores espa??oles de diferentes ??reas de conocimiento en educaci??n. El procedimiento llevado a cabo se ha dividido en tres apartados: estudio bibliom??trico sobre etnograf??a en el campo educativo; an??lisis conceptual, metodol??gico y valoraci??n de informes de investigaci??n etnogr??fica; y, por ??ltimo, perspectivas y concepciones acerca de la investigaci??n etnogr??fica. La finalidad era conocer algunas caracter??sticas de estos expertos, su conocimiento y opini??n de algunos aspectos que forman parte de esta metodolog??a, as?? como otros relacionados con la experiencia vivida en el campo. Bases de datos en el campo de educaci??n, 23 entrevistas y consulta de 25 tesis doctorales. Se utilizaron las bases de datos de ERIC, REDINED, TESEO, ISOC con la finalidad de conocer la producci??n de trabajos etnogr??ficos y su evoluci??n en el Estado espa??ol. Las tesis doctorales utilizaron la metodolog??a etnogr??fica en educaci??n y se realiz?? un an??lisis de cada una de ellas a trav??s de treinta y tres categor??as. Dicho sistema categorial nos permiti?? construir cada una de las etnograf??as y posteriormente realizar un an??lisis comparativo para cubrir uno de los objetivos que nos hab??amos propuesto: contrastar en qu?? medida las pr??cticas de investigaci??n analizadas se articulan dentro de determinadas concepciones te??ricas sobre la investigaci??n etnogr??fica. 1) La investigaci??n etnogr??fica no est?? tan generalizada como se piensa. 2) La etnograf??a educativa espa??ola se ha centrado en el estudio de la organizaci??n escolar y en el profesorado. 3) La mayor??a de los investigadores entrevistados tienen la percepci??n de que no hay aceptaci??n de los trabajos etnogr??ficos en la comunidad cient??fica. 4) La mayor??a considera que la utilizaci??n de esta metodolog??a es una cuesti??n ideol??gica o de paradigma. 5) El aspecto m??s valorado de la etnograf??a es que no s??lo contenga descripci??n sino, que aparezca la construcci??n te??rica. 6) Existe un gran desconocimiento sobre la investigaci??n etnogr??fica producida en nuestro pa??s. En definitiva, se ha pretendido cubrir varios aspectos: el desconocimiento existente sobre lo que se est?? trabajando en este contexto educativo, la falta de consenso acerca del marco epistemol??gico de la etnograf??a, la poca sistematizaci??n o concreci??n del proceso mismo de investigaci??n y la ausencia de criterios de evaluaci??n.

La influencia del SGD en las estrategias de resoluci??n de los problemas de geometr??a anal??tica

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Cien a??os de manuales de primera ense??anza en Castilla y Le??n (1875-1975) : catalogaci??n y estudio anal??tico

Realizar la b??squeda de los manuales escolares editados entre 1875 y 1975. Recopilar los textos legales relativos a la edici??n de manuales escolares en Espa??a correspondientes al periodo fijado en el proyecto. Iniciar la elaboraci??n de un censo de todos los manuales escolares seg??n el modelo de ficha-cat??logo del proyecto MANES y el I.N.R.P. franc??s. Construir y/o adaptar los instrumentos documentales precisos para realizar las anteriores tareas a partir de la experiencia internacional del proyecto EMMANUELL. Realizar un estudio bibliom??trico de la producci??n editorial recopilada. Analizar los g??neros textuales y modelos did??cticos a que responden los manuales censados. Favorecer la preparaci??n de proyectos de investigaci??n y tesis doctorales que traten aspectos concretos del tema general abordado. Fondos documentales de las bibliotecas p??blicas y privadas y centros de documentaci??n de Castilla y Le??n. Dise??o del modelo documental e inform??tico para la recogida de datos en coordinaci??n con el grupo MANES y el I.N.R.P. Recopilaci??n de los textos legales relativos a la publicaci??n de manuales escolares en la Espa??a contempor??nea. Confecci??n del listado de bibliotecas y centros de documentaci??n para el estudio de los manuales escolares, plan de actuaci??n para llevar a cabo la toma de datos. Elaboraci??n del censo-cat??logo. Realizaci??n de los an??lisis bibliom??tricos de la producci??n editorial censada. Dise??o de investigaciones globales y sectoriales que han permitido interpretaciones pedag??gicas e hist??rico-educativas. La propia de trabajos de documentaci??n y catalogaci??n de fuentes, m??todos de an??lisis cuantitativos en funci??n de las variables se??aladas en el proyecto (subniveles educativos, ??reas disciplinares, g??neros did??cticos y textuales, etc.). Se han censado y catalogado un conjunto de 3.500 manuales.

Persones com a cadenes o cables : autoestima i pensament anal??gic

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Effects of Cadmium on the Rat Salivary Glands, During Lactation

Cadmium (Cd) in air, drinking water and food has the potential to affect the health of people, mainly those who live in highly industrialized regions. Cd affects placental function, can cross the placental barrier and directly modify fetal development. Once the organism is particularly susceptible to the exposition to the Cd during the perinatal period, and that this metal can be excreted in the milk, the aim of the present work was to study the effects of the constant exposition to drinkable water containing low levels of Cd during the lactation, on the salivary glands of the rat. Female rats received ad libitum drinking water containing 300mg/l of CdCl2 throughout the whole lactation. Control animals received a similar volume of water without Cd. Lactant rats (21 day old) were killed by lethal dose of anesthetic. The salivary glands were separated, fixed in ""alfac"" solution for 24 h, and serially sectioned. The 6 mu m thick sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Nuclear glandular parameters were estimated, as well as cytoplasm and cell volume, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, number and surface density, diameters and cell thickness. Mean body weight was 34.86 g for the control group and 18.56 g for the Cd-treated group. Histologically, the glandular acini were significantly smaller, the gland ducts were similar in both groups studied. The connective tissue was more abundant. In conclusion, the salivary glands (submandibular, parotid and sublingual) showed retarded growth after Cd intoxication.

Na plus -Glucose Cotransporter SGLT1 Protein in Salivary Glands: Potential Involvement in the Diabetes-Induced Decrease in Salivary Flow

Oral health complications in diabetes include decreased salivary secretion. The SLC5A1 gene encodes the Na(+)-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 protein, which not only transports glucose, but also acts as a water channel. Since SLC5A1 expression is altered in kidneys of diabetic subjects, we hypothesize that it could also be altered in salivary glands, contributing to diabetic dysfunction. The present study shows a diabetes-induced decrease (p < 0.001) in salivary secretion, which was accompanied by enhanced (p < 0.05) SGLT1 mRNA expression in parotid (50%) and submandibular (30%) glands. Immunohistochemical analysis of parotid gland of diabetic rats revealed that SGLT1 protein expression increased in the luminal membrane of ductal cells, which can stimulate water reabsorption from primary saliva. Furthermore, SGLT1 protein was reduced in myoepithelial cells of the parotid from diabetic animals, and that, by reducing cellular contractile activity, might also be related to reduced salivary flux. Six-day insulin-treated diabetic rats reversed all alterations. In conclusion, diabetes increases SLC5A1 gene expression in salivary glands, increasing the SGLT1 protein content in the luminal membrane of ductal cells, which, by increasing water reabsorption, might explain the diabetes-induced decrease in salivary secretion.

SGLT1 protein expression in plasma membrane of acinar cells correlates with the sympathetic outflow to salivary glands in diabetic and hypertensive rats

Salivary gland dysfunction is a feature in diabetes and hypertension. We hypothesized that sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) participates in salivary dysfunctions through a sympathetic- and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated pathway. In Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), diabetic WKY (WKY-D), spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), and diabetic SHR (SHR-D) rats, PKA/SGLT1 proteins were analyzed in parotid and submandibular glands, and the sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to the glands was monitored. Basal SNA was threefold higher in SHR (P < 0.001 vs. WKY), and diabetes decreased this activity (similar to 50%, P < 0.05) in both WKY and SHR. The catalytic subunit of PKA and the plasma membrane SGLT1 content in acinar cells were regulated in parallel to the SNA. Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic branch to salivary glands increased (similar to 30%, P < 0.05) PKA and SGLT1 expression. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the observed regulations of SGLT1, revealing its location in basolateral membrane of acinar cells. Taken together, our results show highly coordinated regulation of sympathetic activity upon PKA activity and plasma membrane SGLT1 content in salivary glands. Furthermore, the present findings show that diabetic- and/or hypertensive-induced changes in the sympathetic activity correlate with changes in SGLT1 expression in basolateral membrane of acinar cells, which can participate in the salivary glands dysfunctions reported by patients with these pathologies.

A short proregion of trialysin, a pore-forming protein of Triatoma infestans salivary glands, controls activity by folding the N-terminal lytic motif

Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a hematophagous insect that transmits the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas` disease. Its saliva contains trialysin, a protein that forms pores in membranes. Peptides based on the N-terminus of trialysin lyse cells and fold into alpha-helical amphipathic segments resembling antimicrobial peptides. Using a specific antiserum against trialysin, we show here that trialysin is synthesized as a precursor that is less active than the protein released after saliva secretion. A synthetic peptide flanked by a fluorophore and a quencher including the acidic proregion and the lytic N-terminus of the protein is also less active against cells and liposomes, increasing activity upon proteolysis. Activation changes the peptide conformation as observed by fluorescence increase and CD spectroscopy. This mechanism of activation could provide a way to impair the toxic effects of trialysin inside the salivary glands, thus restricting damaging lytic activity to the bite site.

Candidíase vulvovaginal: sintomatologia, fatores de risco e colonização anal concomitante

Post-menarche patients with clinical signs of vulvovaginitis were analyzed in this study, whose aims were the following: identify the frequency of C. albicans and non C. albicans species and negative results, correlate the vaginal culture for yeast with risk factors and symptomatology; compare positive and negative results for yeast in the vaginal and anal cultures; compare the positive results for C. albicans with other results found in the vaginal and anal cultures; and compare concomitant positivity for C. albicans and non C. albicans in the vaginal and anal cultures. Sample selection occurred between May, 2003 and May, 2005, and included 99 patients from Natal, Brazil. The laboratory methods used consisted of CHROMagar Candida culture medium, thermotolerance test at 42-45°C and hypertonic NaCL, in addition to the classic methods of carbohydrate assimilation and fermentation. We used absolute numbers, percentages, means of central tendency, chi-squared test (χ2) with Yates correction, Fisher s exact test and odds ratio for statistical analysis. The most frequent species was C. albicans in 69% of the cases. The positivity for Candida spp showed an association with the use of tight-fitting intimate clothing and/or synthetics, allergic diseases and the occurrence of itching, leukorrhea and erythema. Anal colonization increased the likelihood of vaginal contamination by 2.8 and 4.9 times, respectively, for Candida spp and C. albicans. When compared to the other species, C. albicans-positive anal colonization increased by 3.7 times the likelihood of vaginal positivity. These data suggest likely vaginal contamination originating in the anus

Canine lacrimal and third eyelid superficial glands macroscopic and morphometric characteristics

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)