Transformação de metanol em olefinas leves catalisada por zeólitas HZSM-5

A reação de transformação de MeOH em olefinas leves foi investigada sobre zeólitas HZSM-5 com razões SiO2/Al2O3 (SAR) iguais a 30, 80 e 280. As propriedades ácidas e texturais da amostra com SAR 30 foram modificadas por impregnação com ácido fosfórico. A caracterização físico-química das amostras foi realizada empregando-se as técnicas de FRX, fisissorção de N2, DRX, DTP de NH3 e IV com adsorção de piridina. O desempenho catalítico das mesmas foi comparado tanto em condições reacionais similares (mesma T, pressão parcial de MeOH e WHSV) como em condições de isoconversão. Verificou-se, que quanto maior a SAR da zeólita, menor a densidade total e a força dos sítios ácidos presentes, sendo este efeito mais significativo para os sítios de Brönsted. O efeito do aumento da SAR favoreceu a estabilidade catalítica e a formação de olefinas leves, principalmente propeno. No caso das amostras contendo fósforo, foi observada uma redução linear na área específica BET e no volume de microporos com o aumento do teor de fósforo. Estes resultados, aliados aos obtidos por DRX, sugerem que a redução mais significativa na área específica e no volume de microporos pode ser associada à redução na cristalinidade e à formação de espécies amorfas contendo fósforo, que bloqueariam a estrutura porosa da zeólita. Não se observou alteração significativa na força dos sítios fracos, enquanto a força dos sítios fortes diminuiu significativamente. As amostras apresentando menor SAR e menor teor de fósforo foram mais ativas. Por outro lado, em condições de isoconversão de 916%, a amostra mais seletiva à formação de olefinas foi aquela com maior SAR. Dentre as amostras impregnadas, aquela contendo 4% de fósforo foi a mais seletiva a propeno, enquanto a que continha 6% foi mais seletiva a eteno. A amostra com SAR igual a 280 foi investigada variando-se a temperatura de reação (400, 500 e 540C) e a pressão parcial de metanol (0,038; 0,083 e 0,123 atm), através de um planejamento experimental do tipo Box-Benhnken (32). O rendimento otimizado em olefinas leves foi alcançado a 480C e 0,08 atm. O modelo proposto descreveu bem os dados experimentais e evidenciou a existência de uma faixa ótima de temperatura para maximização do rendimento em propeno e eteno, o qual foi também afetado pela pressão parcial de MeOH na faixa estudada. Palavras-chave: ZSM-5, olefinas, propeno, eteno, processo MTO, fósforo.

Climate forcing of Pacific herring recruitment and growth in southern British Columbia

Over the last 50 years, much of the variability in ocean climate and herring recruitment has occurred at two dominant periods centered around 5 and 16 years. Herring growth has also exhibited a dominant 5- and 18-year periodicity. A recent analysis of a number of relevant time series suggests that interannual variations in oceanic conditions off the west coast of Vancouver Island affect survival of herring and their principal predator, Pacific hake, which also exhibits a marked 16-year oscillation in abundance. Thus the dynamics of the herring stock are modulated by a combination of climate and predator forcing. Much of the interannual variation in herring growth is centered around the 5-year (moderate ENSO period) and 16-year (strong ENSO period) ocean climate oscillations and the 16-year recruitment oscillation.

Self-gelatinizable graft copolymer of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 4-vinylpyridine as an immobilization matrix for the construction of a tyrosinase-based amperometric biosensor

A tyrosinase-based amperometric biosensor using a self-gelatinizable graft copolymer of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-PVP) as an immobilization matrix was constructed. The 4-vinylpyridine component of PVA-g-PVP enhances the adherence to a glassy carbon electrode surface. The content of 4-vinylpyridine in this immobilization matrix plays a key role in retaining the activity of tyrosinase. A simple, milder method was adopted by simply syringing the copolymer-tyrosinase aqueous solution on to the electrode surface and allowing water to evaporate at 4 degrees C in a refrigerator. Several parameters, including copolymer composition; pH, applied potential and enzyme membrane composition, ware optimized. The enzyme membrane composition can be varied to obtain higher sensitivity or a wider linear detection range. The biosensor was used for the determination of phenol, p-cresol and catechol. The biosensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, stability and sensitive response and can be used in flow injection analysis. The biosensor showed an extended linear range in hydrophilic organic solvents and it can be used in monitoring organic reaction processes. The analytical performance demonstrated this immobilization matrix is suitable for the immobilization of tyrosinase.

玻璃海鞘多肽PCI的分离纯化及其抗血管生成活性研究

血管生成是肿瘤生长、发展的必经之路，并且与实体瘤的发生、转移有着密切的关系，抑制肿瘤新生血管生成具有特异性高、疗效好、不易产生耐药性以及毒副作用低等特点，因此抑制肿瘤血管形成可望成为治疗癌症的一个突破点，以抗血管生成为主的肿瘤生物治疗研究已成为近十年的研究热点。玻璃海鞘（Coina intestinalis）属于内性目、玻璃海鞘科，因其进化上的独特地位常作为研究神经发育、免疫系统进化的材料。在其它种属的海鞘中分离发现了多种具有抗肿瘤活性的多肽，但关于玻璃海鞘抗血管生成活性多肽的分离纯化和活性研究未见报道。本文利用多种分离纯化手段，采用活性追踪的方法首次从玻璃海鞘中分离得到具有抗新生血管生成作用的多肽，并对其抗血管生成活性做了初步研究。 本研究利用冷丙酮分级沉淀，超滤截留分子量小于5kDa的蛋白，再经SephadexG25、Superdex75柱层析，µRPC C2/C18反相柱层析等分离手段，采用活性追踪的方法，由玻璃海鞘（Coina intestinalis）中分离纯化出抗血管生成多肽PCI，据保留时间计算其分子量为1.8 kDa。MTT检测表明其对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（HUVEC）具有强烈的抑制作用，IC50为7.5 μg/ml，并对多种肿瘤细胞有直接的抑制作用。斑马鱼胚胎体内实验进一步表明PCI在40 μg/ml的浓度下作用12h，斑马鱼胚胎新生血管生成受到显著抑制，肠下静脉血管长度为正常组的30%，斑马鱼胚胎血管生成率为正常组的45%。

CIM思想指导下的工业自动化总体技术

工业自动化总体技术是在ＣＩＭ思想指导下产生的实施ＣＩＭ的关键技术。总体技术的核心是总体设计与总体集成技术。本文言及总体技术产生的背景，其宗旨与含义，总体技术方法学，工业自动化系统体系结构与参考模型，以及实践总体技术的概况动向。

基于中间件的MES与ERP系统信息集成技术研究

现在企业系统与控制系统的主流的集成技术为基于中间件的系统集成,即通过中间件的桥梁作用把各种ERP和MES系统连接起来,实现信息在两者之间的交互与共享。因此本文提出“信息集成内容遵循S95标准,消息封装格式应用XML技术,企业应用集成平台采用BizTalkserver来实现”的中间件集成方法,最后应用此中间件引擎给出了一个在MES与ERP系统之间实现信息集成的示例。

满意度测量问卷之研制

Job satisfaction is the basic component of organizational performance. At present, however, there is no instrument to be used to measure this variable in chine. This research was about the measurement of job satisfaction. In our research, We use Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (or MSQ) as a base, then put anther 20 items to form out original questionnaire. After two round measurements and carefully analysis, finally, We got a new questionnaire. In the questionnire; 6 of the 20 MSQ items were discarded, and anther 6 items put in. The form of our questionnire is similar to MSQ. But this research also shown that there ware some problems in it, and advarnce research should be taken to improve the research results.

Kontakty społeczności Europy środkowej i strefy egejskiej w drugim tysiącleciu przed Chr. Próba analizy archeologiczno-chronometrycznej

Wydział Historyczny: Instytut Prahistorii

Novel roles for the GABAB receptor in anxiety and cocaine addiction

The GABAB receptor has been postulated as a possible drug target in the treatment of anxiety disorders and cocaine addiction. Indeed, a wealth of preclinical data is emerging that has shown that mice lacking functional GABAB receptors display a highly anxious behaviour across a range of behavioural models of anxiety. Additionally, novel compounds that act by altering the allosteric conformation of the GABAB receptor to a more active state; the GABAB receptor positive modulators, have been repeatedly demonstrated to have anxiolytic effects in animals. In addition to being a putative anxiolytic drug target, the GABAB receptor has been identified as a novel target for antiaddictive therapies. Indeed GABAB receptor positive modulators have been demonstrated to have anti-addictive properties across a broad variety of behavioural paradigms. Despite these findings, several gaps in our knowledge of the role played by the GABAB receptor in both anxiety and drug abuse disorder exist. The aim of this thesis was to use preclinical animal models in an effort to further probe the role played by the GABAB receptor in anxiety and addiction. Our studies initially examined the role played by the GABAB receptor in the neurodevelopmental processes underpinning of anxiety. Our studies demonstrated that treating mouse pups in early life with the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen produced an anxious phenotype in adult life, whereas treatment with the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP52432 produced no effects on adult behaviour. Further to this, we examined whether the anxious behaviour induced by early life blockade of the serotonin reuptake transporter was dependant on alterations in GABAB receptor function. Our studies however revealed no effect of early life selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment on adult life baclofen sensitivity. The next issue addressed in this thesis is the characterization of the effects of a GABAB receptor positive modulator and a GABAB receptor antagonist in a behavioural model of conditioned fear behaviour. These novel classes of GABAB receptor ligands have been considerably less well characterized in this facet of preclinical anxiety behaviour than in terms of innate anxiety behaviour. Our study however revealed that the GABAB receptor positive modulator GS39783 and the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP52432 were without effect on the acquisition, expression or extinction of conditioned fear in our model. The next element of this thesis dealt with the characterization of a novel mouse model, the GABAB(2)- S892A mouse. This mouse has been engineered to express a form of the GABAB(2) receptor subunit wherein the function determining serine phosphorylation site cannot be phosphorylated. We initially tested this mouse in terms of its GABAB receptor function in adult life, followed by testing it in a battery of tests of unconditioned and learned anxiety behaviour. We also examined the behavioural and molecular responses of the GABAB(2)-S892A mouse to cocaine. All of our studies appear to show that the GABAB(2)-S892A mouse is indistinguishable from wildtype controls. The final aim of the thesis was to investigate the behavioural and molecular sensitivity of the GABAB(1) subunit isoform null mice, the GABAB(1a) -/- and GABAB(1b) -/- mice to cocaine. Our studies revealed that these mice display differing behavioural responses to cocaine, with the GABAB(1a) -/- mouse displaying a hypersensitivity to the acute locomotor effects of cocaine, while the GABAB(1b) -/- displayed blunted locomotor sensitisation to cocaine.

Evaluation of an epithelial plasticity biomarker panel in men with localized prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Given the potential importance of epithelial plasticity (EP) to cancer metastasis, we sought to investigate biomarkers related to EP in men with localized prostate cancer (PC) for the association with time to PSA recurrence and other clinical outcomes after surgery. METHODS: Men with localized PC treated with radical prostatectomy at the Durham VA Medical Center and whose prostatectomy tissues were included in a tissue microarray (TMA) linked to long-term outcomes. We performed immunohistochemical studies using validated antibodies against E-cadherin and Ki-67 and mesenchymal biomarkers including N-cadherin, vimentin, SNAIL, ZEB1 and TWIST. Association studies were conducted for each biomarker with baseline clinical/pathologic characteristics an risk of PSA recurrence over time. RESULTS: Two hundred and five men contributed TMA tissue and had long-term follow-up (median 11 years). Forty-three percent had PSA recurrence; three died of PC. The majority had high E-cadherin expression (86%); 14% had low/absent E-cadherin expression. N-cadherin was rarely expressed (<4%) and we were unable to identify an E-to-N-cadherin switch as independently prognostic. No associations with clinical risk group, PSA recurrence or Gleason sum were noted for SNAIL, ZEB1, vimentin or TWIST, despite heterogeneous expression between patients. We observed an association of higher Ki-67 expression with Gleason sum (P=0.043), National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk (P=0.013) and PSA recurrence (hazard ratio 1.07, P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of EP biomarkers in this cohort of men with a low risk of PC-specific mortality was not associated with aggressive features or PSA relapse after surgery.

Distinct routes to metastasis: plasticity-dependent and plasticity-independent pathways.

The cascade that culminates in macrometastases is thought to be mediated by phenotypic plasticity, including epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-epithelial transitions (EMT and MET). Although there is substantial support for the role of EMT in driving cancer cell invasion and dissemination, much less is known about the importance of MET in the later steps of metastatic colonization. We created novel reporters, which integrate transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, to test whether MET is required for metastasis in multiple in vivo cancer models. In a model of carcinosarcoma, metastasis occurred via an MET-dependent pathway; however, in two prostate carcinoma models, metastatic colonization was MET independent. Our results provide evidence for both MET-dependent and MET-independent metastatic pathways.

Fission dynamics for capture reactions in 58,64ni + 208pb systems: New results in terms of thermal energy and neutron multiplicity correlated distributions

The neutron multidetector DéMoN has been used to investigate the symmetric splitting dynamics in the reactions 58.64Ni + 208Pb with excitation energies ranging from 65 to 186 MeV for the composite system. An analysis based on the new backtracing technique has been applied on the neutron data to determine the two-dimensional correlations between the parent composite system initial thermal energy (EthCN) and the total neutron multiplicity (νtot), and between pre- and post-scission neutron multiplicities (νpre and νpost, respectively). The νpre distribution shape indicates the possible coexistence of fast-fission and fusion-fission for the system 58Ni + 208Pb (Ebeam = 8.86 A MeV). The analysis of the neutron multiplicities in the framework of the combined dynamical statistical model (CDSM) gives a reduced friction coefficient β = 23 ± 2512 × 1021 s-1, above the one-body dissipation limit. The corresponding fission time is τf = 40 ± 4620 × 10-21 s. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Patent litigation in Europe

We compare patent litigation cases across four European jurisdictions – Germany, France, the Netherlands, and the UK – covering cases filed during the period 2000-2008. For our analysis, we assemble a new dataset that contains detailed information at the case, litigant, and patent level for patent cases filed at the major courts in the four jurisdictions. We find substantial differences across jurisdictions in terms of case loads. Courts in Germany hear by far the largest number of cases in absolute terms, but also when taking country size into account. We also find important between-country differences in terms of outcomes, the share of cases that is appealed, as well as the characteristics of litigants and litigated patents. A considerable number of patents are litigated in multiple jurisdictions, but the majority of patents are subject to litigation only in one of the four jurisdictions.

Los parámetros algebraicos en el contexto de la modelación matemática

El trabajo parte de una inquietud que se centra en dos aspectos: el uso indistinto que los estudiantes dan a las letras para resolver ecuaciones, para hallar equivalencias algebraicas y para abordar situaciones de variación. Se involucra la función cuadrática como objeto matemático. Esto, al menos por dos razones: en primera instancia porque fue la temática en la cual venían trabajando los estudiantes al momento de realizar el proyecto, y en segundo lugar porque la función cuadrática puede y ha sido interpretada como modelo matemático de procesos de variación cuadrática (Mesa & Ochoa, 2009; Posada & otros, 2006). Analizan diferentes usos que dan los estudiantes a las letras en determinadas tareas.

El aprendizaje de proposiciones condicionales usando geometría dinámica

A través de una serie de tareas desarrolladas con un sof€ware de geometría dinámica, buscamos propiciar la comprensión de lo que es y lo que expresa una condicional en matemáticas. Por medio de problemas propuestos, en los cuales se debe formular una conjetura, como resultado de la exploración realizada y la determinación de invariantes, se busca que los participantes del taller comprendan que las condiciones establecidas en el antecedente son su„cientes para concluir el consecuente y que el consecuente es necesariamente resultado de las condiciones que se reportan en el antecedente.