Perfil de Aglutininas Anti-leptospira e anti-brucella e condições sanitárias de ovinos da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

The sheep industry has become increasingly prominent in agribusiness, transforming the stage production of Brazil, and thus contributes more to the socio-economic development of the country. The work aimed to verify the occurrence of brucellosis and leptospirosis in sheep from northwestern São Paulo state. In addition to determining the prevalence of major Leptospira in the region and to trace the diagnosis of sheep breeding in this part of the country. All the 1222 sheep serum samples from 49 properties did not react serologically to evidentiary testing for brucellosis, compared to antigens of B. abortus and B. ovis used in the testing of 2-ME and IDGA, respectively. The Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) test revealed that 19.14% (232/1212) of samples were positive for one or more serovars, with titles ranging from 100 to 800. The most frequent serovar was hebdomadis in the region, with Sentot and Sherman (18.10%, 11.64% and 8.62%, respectively). By profiling the system of sheep farming in the region, we found that most herds are composed of more than one race being the main purpose is for the court. According to the scheme adopted immunoprophylactics there is a homogeneous set schedule. It adopts the use of anti-helminth, non-prescription veterinary antibiotic. There is also the presence of diarrhea and abortions and the lack of criteria for los ovinos on management, making it the need for emergency development of programs for disease control, schema immunoprophylactics adequate sanitation and hygienic measures in sheep breeding.

Importância da avaliação hematológica e sorológica (dot-blot ELISA) no diagnóstico de erliquiose em cães

This study compared the hematological and serological analysis of diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis. The survey of Ehrlichia canis was performed through the evaluation of blood smears from 150 dogs. The serological test was performed on 12 samples selected by the platelet count (less than 170,000 platelets / uL). Serologic testing was performed with the Imunocomb kit - Dot-blot-ELISA. No cytoplasmatic inclusion characteristic of morula of E. canis was found in blood smears. In serologic testing, eight samples were positive for Ehrlichia canis, concluding that thrombocytopenia is an important hematological finding of ehrlichiosis diagnosis and the detection of Ehrlichia canis morulae is uncommon. The serological evaluation Dot-blot ELISA is an accurate and brief diagnosis method of canine ehrlichiosis, been the most appropriate to be used in veterinary practice routine.

Erliquiose canina: revisão de literatura

The hemoparasitosis ehrlichiosis is a disease with high incidence in veterinary clinic routine, which causes damage to animal and human health, thus requiring the rapid and accurate diagnosis for treatment witch consists of specific drugs in particular doxycycline. It is necessary to make a good prevention, to prevent the disease, especially with regard to the control of ticks, since this is the vector of the agent. This review aims to elucidate the details for the canine ehrlichiosis, as a tool to help veterinarians to better understanding of this disease.

Study on Chagas disease occurrence in the municipality of Monte Negro, State of Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon

Introduction: Studies on Chagas disease deal with the perspective of its occurrence in the Amazon region, which is directly correlated to the population growth and the spread of the bug biotope. The state of Rondônia has an immense source of vectors (Triatomine) and reservoirs of Trypanosoma cruzi. Environmental changes brought forth by the deforestation in the region may cause vector behavior changes and bring these vectors to a closer contact with humans, increasing the probability of vector infection. Methods: This study was carried out to check the occurrence of Chagas disease in the municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia, Brazil, based on a random sampling of the farms and people wherein blood collection from the population and capturing triatomines were done. The blood samples were submitted to serologic tests to detect antibodies of the IgG class against T. cruzi. The triatomines that were collected had their digestive tract checked for the presence of trypanosomatidae with morphology resembling that of the T. cruzi. Results: The population examined was mostly from other states. From the 322 bugs examined on the microscope, 50% showed parasites with morphology compatible with T. cruzi. From the serology of 344 random samples of human blood, 1.2% was found positive, 6% showed inconclusive results, and 92.8% were negative. Conclusions: Monte Negro shows low prevalence of human infection by T. cruzi and none active vector transmission; however, preventive and surveying measures, which are not performed until now, shall be taken due to the abundance of vectors infected by trypanosomatidae.

Hanseníase virchowiana: comprometimento medular

Paciente feminino 36 anos, com queixa de febre noturna, astenia, parestesia de membros inferiores, artralgia, hepatoesplenomegalia, lesões cutâneas, anemia hipocrômica, microcítica e linfopenia. Sorologia negativa para Hepatite B,C e HIV; FAN e anti-DNA também negativos. Histopatologia da medula óssea mostrou-se discretamente hipercelular, com presença de focos de histiócitos com citoplasma vacuolado (células pseudo-gaucher-like),aspecto megaloblástico, linfoplasmocitico e lipogranulomatoso. A coloração Ziehl- -Nielsen positivo; diagnóstico morfológico: micobacteriose de medula óssea. A cultura do sangue e do aspirado de medula óssea foi negativo para M.tuberculosis. Biópsia das lesões cutâneas máculas e pápulas hipercrômicas dos membros inferiores e superiores revelou hanseníase de padrão Vichowiana. A pesquisa BAAR pela Faraco demonstrou numerosos bacilos, sendo a maioria de padrão granuloso. Pacientes com hanseníase virchowiana tem acometimento cutâneo em 100% dos casos, o baço é o órgão mais frequentemente acometido com disseminação através do sangue periférico. O quadro anêmico e a linfopenia provavelmente se deve à cronicidade da infecção, levando a infiltração medular. A ocorrência do comprometimento medular em paciente com hanseníase Virchowiana é excepcional, mesmo em países endêmicos, e pode indicar necessidade de tratamento mais prolongado.

Separação imunomagnética associada a bacteriófago para diagnóstico de Salmonella enterica em carne de frango

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação do teste de imunodifusão dupla em gel de agar e do ensaio imunoenzimático - ELISA no diagnóstico e seguimento de pacientes com bola fúngica aspergilar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação visceral da técnica sorológica para Leishmaniose visceral e doença de Chagas em animais silvestres e identificação molecular

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação do teste de imunodifusão dupla em gel de agar e do ensaio imunoenzimático - ELISA no diagnóstico e seguimento de pacientes com bola fúngica aspergilar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação visceral da técnica sorológica para Leishmaniose visceral e doença de Chagas em animais silvestres e identificação molecular

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalência e vulnerabilidade à infecção pelo HIV de moradores de rua em São Paulo, SP

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência e o perfil de vulnerabilidade ao HIV de moradores de rua. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra não probabilística de 1.405 moradores de rua usuários de instituições de acolhimento de São Paulo, SP, de 2006 a 2007. Foi realizado teste anti-HIV e aplicado questionário estruturado. O perfil de vulnerabilidade foi analisado pela frequência do uso do preservativo, considerando mais vulneráveis os que referiram o uso nunca ou às vezes. Foram utilizadas regressões logística e multinomial para estimar as medidas de efeito e intervalos de 95% de confiança. RESULTADOS: Houve predominância do sexo masculino (85,6%), média de 40,9 anos, ter cursado o ensino fundamental (72,0%) e cor não branca (71,5%). A prática homo/bissexual foi referida por 15,7% e a parceria ocasional por 62,0%. O número médio de parcerias em um ano foi de 5,4 e mais da metade (55,7%) referiu uso de drogas na vida, dos quais 25,7% relataram uso frequente. No total, 39,6% mencionaram ter tido uma doença sexualmente transmissível e 38,3% relataram o uso do preservativo em todas as relações sexuais. A prevalência do HIV foi de 4,9% (17,4% dos quais apresentaram também sorologia positiva para sífilis). Pouco mais da metade (55,4%) tinha acesso a ações de prevenção. A maior prevalência do HIV esteve associada a ser mais jovem (OR 18 a 29 anos = 4,0 [IC95% 1,54;10,46]), história de doença sexualmente transmissível (OR = 3,3 [IC95% 1,87;5,73]); prática homossexual (OR = 3,0 [IC95% 1,28;6,92]) e à presença de sífilis (OR = 2,4 [IC95% 1,13;4,93]). O grupo de maior vulnerabilidade foi caracterizado por ser mulher, jovem, ter prática homossexual, número reduzido de parcerias, parceria fixa, uso de drogas e álcool e não ter acesso a ações de prevenção e apoio social. CONCLUSÕES: O impacto da epidemia entre moradores de rua é elevado, refletindo um ciclo que conjuga exclusão, vulnerabilidade social e acesso limitado à prevenção.

Utilidade clínica da angiografia coronariana em pacientes com disfunção ventricular esquerda

FUNDAMENTO: A realização da angiografia coronariana na insuficiência cardíaca sem etiologia definida é frequentemente justificada para avaliação diagnóstica de cardiopatia isquêmica. Porém, o benefício clínico dessa estratégia não é conhecido. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de cardiopatia isquêmica mediante critérios angiográficos em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e fração de ejeção reduzida sem etiologia, assim como o seu impacto na decisão terapêutica. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados pacientes ambulatoriais consecutivos com insuficiência cardíaca e disfunção sistólica, que tiveram a angiografia coronariana indicada para esclarecimento etiológico da cardiopatia, no período de 1º de janeiro de 2009 a 31 de dezembro de 2010. Os pacientes com diagnóstico de doença arterial coronariana, sorologia positiva para doença de Chagas, cardiopatia congênita, valvopatia grave ou pacientes submetidos a transplante cardíaco foram excluídos da análise. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos conforme a indicação do cateterismo. Grupo-1: Sintomáticos em razão de angina ou insuficiência cardíaca refratária. Grupo-2: Presença de > 2 fatores de risco para doença arterial coronariana RESULTADOS: Cento e sete pacientes foram incluídos para análise, sendo 51 (47,7%) pacientes pertencentes ao Grupo-1 e 56 (52,3%), ao Grupo-2. A prevalência de cardiopatia isquêmica foi de 9,3% (10 pacientes), e todos pertenciam ao Grupo-1 (p = 0,0001). Durante o seguimento, apenas 4 (3,7%) tiveram indicação de revascularização miocárdica; 3 (2,8%) pacientes apresentaram complicações relacionadas ao procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: Em nosso trabalho, a realização da angiografia coronariana em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca e disfunção sistólica sem etiologia, apesar de embasada pelas atuais diretrizes, não evidenciou benefício quando indicada apenas pela presença de fatores de risco para doença arterial coronariana.

Serological survey on Ehrlichia sp. among dogs in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul

A serological survey on Ehrlichia canis was conducted among dogs in the central area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, where the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a common parasite of dogs. Out of a total of 316 dogs attended at the veterinary teaching hospital in the municipality of Santa Maria, only 14 (4.43%) reacted positively to E. canis antigens in the indirect immunofluorescence assay, with the following endpoint titers: 80 (three dogs), 160 (five), 320 (four), 640 (one) and 1280 (one). Like in previous studies in other regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, only a very small portion of the dogs in Santa Maria presented antibodies reactive to E. canis, even though canine infestations due to R. sanguineus are very common in this study region. These results contrast with other regions of Brazil, where E. canis is endemic among canine populations, with seropositivity values generally higher than 30%. Genetic differences among the R. sanguineus populations in South America might be implicated in these contrasting results.

Frequency of Toxocara infection in children attended by the health public service of Maringá, south Brazil.

The lack of specific laboratorial diagnosis methods and precise symptoms makes the toxocariasis a neglected disease in Public Health Services. This study aims to determine the frequency of Toxocara spp. infection in children attended by the Health Public Service of Hospital Municipal de Maringá, South Brazil. To evaluate the association of epidemiological and clinical data, and observational and cross-section study was carried out. From 14,690 attended children/year aged from seven month to 12 years old, 450 serum samples were randomly collected from September/2004 to September/2005. A questionnaire was used to evaluate epidemiological, clinical and hematological data. An ELISA using Toxocara canis larval excretory-secretory products as antigen detected 130 (28.8%) positive sera, mainly between children from seven month to five years old (p = 0.0016). Significant correlation was observed between positive serology for Toxocara, and frequent playing in sandbox at school or daycare center (p = 0.011) and the presence of a cat at home (p = 0.056). From the families, 50% were dog owners which exposed soil backyards. Eosinophilia (p = 0.776), and signs and symptoms analyzed (fever p = 0.992, pneumonia p = 0.289, cold-like symptoms p = 0.277, cough p =0.783, gastrointestinal problems p = 0.877, migraine p = 0.979, abdominal pain p = 0.965, joint pain p = 0.686 and skin rash p = 0.105) could not be related to the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies. Therefore, two asthmatics children showed titles of1:10,240 and accentuated eosinophilia (p = 0.0001). The authors emphasize the needs of prevention activities.

Perfil imunológico associado à susceptibilidade, resistência e cura na infecção por Leishmania ( Leishmania ) infantum

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in Brazil and the northeast region had the highest incidence of the disease , despite, in the last 30 years, it has spread to all geographic regions of the country. Leishmania infantum is the m ain etiological agent of VL in Latin America, Europe and North Africa. However, not all infected individuals develop the disease; in fact, the majority present spontaneous re solution of infection without symptoms. The evaluation of the immunological profil e has been mostly conducted stimulating, with Leishmania spp. antigen, peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from subjects with VL. These studies showed that VL patients had an inhibition of both, lymphocyte proliferation and proinflammatory response to Leishmania spp. antigen. Our study aimed to evaluate the immune response in active LV, cured post treatment and asymptomatic infection. To reach this aim, we analyzed immunophenotypic features related to activation, Treg and memory lymphocytes, by flow cytometry, as well as, evaluation of cytokine production, in ex vivo or in whole blood culture. In active VL volunteers, a longitu dinal study was conducted with reassessment at 4 and 14 months after clinical cure. The control group included individuals th at live d in endemic region and were either Positive Control, consisting of individuals with positive anti - L eishmania spp. serology and/or positive PCR for Leishmania  spp. and Negative Control composed by individuals with negative anti - Leishmania antibodie s serology and negative PCR for Leishmania . During VL, CD4 lymphocytes showed greater activation and memory profile s and were the major source of cytokines in culture when compared to CD8 lymphocytes , and these were not Leishmania specific. There were act ivated lymphocytes during VL (CD4 + CD69 + :4.9%) when compared to control groups, Positive (CD4 + CD69 + :1.96%, p=0.0045) and Negative (CD4 + CD69 + :1.35%, p=0.006), on the other hand, this was non - specific activation. The lymphocyte activation profile remain ed el evated even 14 months post treatmen t. A fter clinical cure , the activation was Leishmania specific (CD4 + CD25 + absence of SLA: 8.4%, and presence of SLA: 10.7% p=0.0279). CD8 + CD25 + lymphocytes were able to produce Leishmania specific IFN - γ in both, Positive Controls (absence of SLA 5.2% and presence of SLA: 9.5%, p=0.0391) and Cured 4 month (absence of SLA: 3.9%; presence of SLA: 10.7% p=0.0098). Whole blood culture cells, of VL patients, were able to produce IFN - γ, by SLA stimulation (absence of SLA: 28.0 pg ∕mL, and presence: 44.3 pg∕mL p=0.0020) as well as recovered groups (absence of SLA 2.3 pg∕mL and presence of SLA 139.8 pg∕mL, p=0.0005). However, the high level of IL - 10 seem ed to inhibit pro - inflammatory activity of IFN - γ and TNF - α during symptomatic dis ease . Unlike other pro - inflammatory cytokines, active VL group d id not produce Leishmania specific IL - 2 (absence of SLA 2.4 pg∕mL and presence of SLA: 2.6 pg∕mL). Based on these data we conclude that the restoration of lymphocyte activation and decreased i n IL - 10 Leishmania specific production were related to a protective immune profile.