Feeding ecology of juvenile dog snapper Lutjanus jocu (Bloch and Shneider, 1801) (Lutjanidae) in intertidal mangrove creeks in Curuçá estuary (Northern Brazil)

A dieta e a ecologia alimentar de juvenis de Lutjanus jocu foram verificadas em 92 espécimes coletados em quatro canais de maré do estuário do rio Curuçá, Norte do Brasil, entre setembro de 2003 e julho de 2004. O comprimento total dos peixes coletados não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os meses amostrados. A intensidade alimentar foi elevada conforme indicado pelos altos valores do índice de repleção estomacal e os baixos valores do índice de vacuidade. A presa mais importante foi Penaeidae, seguida por Grapsidae e Porcellanidae. A dieta de juvenis de L. jocu apresentou diferenças sazonais evidentes. Os espécimes da estação seca (setembro e novembro) e transição seca/chuvosa (janeiro) foram considerados especialistas alimentando-se exclusivamente de Penaeidae. No entanto, os espécimes da estação chuvosa (março e maio) e da transição chuvosa/seca (julho), que alimentaram-se principalmente de Grapsidae, Penaeidae e Porcellanidae, foram considerados generalistas. Esta mudança sazonal na dieta poderia estar relacionada com a disponibilidade do alimento.

Influência da sazonalidade sobre as águas estuarinas dos furos da ilha de Colares (baía do Marajó)

A caracterização das águas superficiais e intersticiais nos estuários é fundamental para desvendar as condições ambientais, qualidade ambiental e mudanças sazonais, que podem ocorrer em espaço menor como é o caso do furo da ilha de Colares. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a influência da sazonalidade nas águas estuarinas na foz Norte e Sul do furo da ilha de Colares e da contribuição das águas intersticiais para as águas superficiais. Os parâmetros físicos e químicos, e nutrientes contemplados são: índice pluviométrico (IP), temperatura, salinidade, pH, condutividade elétrica, sólidos totais dissolvidos, material particulado em suspensão, oxigênio dissolvido, profundidade de Secchi, nitrato, nitrito, N-amoniacal, fosfato, silicato e sulfato. A determinação destes parâmetros ocorreu de forma simultânea em cada foz do furo de Colares durante um ciclo de maré (13 horas) nos periodos chuvoso (10/04/2013) e menos chuvoso (05/10/2013). Os resultados revelam que a sazonalidade interfere nas condições abióticas das águas estuarinas do furo da ilha de Colares e deduz que o IP é o fator de maior efeito das mudanças dos parâmetros físicos e químicos e, sobretudo o maior responsável na mobilidade, disponibilidade e distribuição dos nutrientes dissolvidos, que foram encontrados em concentrações maiores no período chuvoso. Ainda os nutrientes nitrato e N-amoniacal foram considerados muito elevados na foz Norte, possivelmente relacionados com a influência de atividades antropogênica. Contudo foram considerados dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Resolução 357 da CONAMA/05. Na foz Sul ocorreu níveis de pH fora do padrão estipulado pela Resolução da CONAMA, porém o fenômeno foi considerado natural visto que este em especifico se encontra distante de atividades antropogênicas. No período menos chuvoso o N-amoniacal foi considerado ausente na foz Norte e Sul. O manguezal foi considerado como fonte de salinidade, silicato e sulfato para as águas superficiais.

Reproductive biology and spatio-temporal distribution of Stellifer rastrifer, Stellifer naso and Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) in the Caeté estuary, northern Brazil

O presente estudo caracteriza a distribuição espaço-temporal dos peixes com maior abundância dentre a família Sciaenidae no estuário do rio Caeté, litoral norte do Brasil. Estima-se o comprimento de inicio da maturação sexual, o comprimento médio da primeira maturação sexual e os períodos de desova. Para tal, durante os meses de outubro de 1996 a agosto de 1997, foram feitas 6 coletas bimestrais, através de arrastos de fundo. A partir de subamostras das espécies mais abundantes dentro das capturas, construíram-se distribuições de freqüência de comprimento total, que foram analisadas por período e local de coleta. De onze espécies de Sciaenidae coletadas, a maior contribuição em abundância de exemplares foi feita pelas espécies Stellifer rastrifer, Stellifer naso e Macrodon ancylodon. Determinou-se que a distribuição espacial das espécies no sistema, está relacionada com mudanças periódicas na salinidade dentro do estuário e a sua dinâmica de reprodução. Assim, os juvenis de S. rastrifer, S. naso e M. ancylodon distribuíram-se nas áreas mais internas do estuário e os adultos nas águas costeiras, com maiores teores de salinidade. Enquanto que M. ancylodon apresenta desovas periódicas durante outubro a fevereiro, S. rastrifer e S. naso apresentam desovas parceladas com dois picos mais intensos de outubro a dezembro e durante junho.

Substâncias húmicas aquáticas do Rio Negro-AM: influência da sazonalidade nas características estruturais, distribuição de carbono e capacidade de complexação por íons Hg(II) em função do tamanho molecular

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Distribuição larval planctônica de Bachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) na região de Ubatuba, com novas descrições larvais para o gênero Persephona Leach, 1817

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dinâmica das comunidades de aves no mosaico de hábitats do Pantanal do Rio Negro, MS

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB

Estudo da distribuição de tamanho e composição iônica de aerossóis e seus efeitos na capacidade de nuclear gotas de nuvens

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Phytoplankton Dynamics in Three Rocky Mountain Lakes, Colorado, U.S.A.

In 1984 and 1985 seasonal changes in phytoplankton were studied in a system of three lakes in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Three periods were evident: (1) A spring bloom, during snowmelt, of the planktonic diatom Asterionella Formosa, (2) a mid- summer period of minimal algal abundance, and (3) a fall bloom of the blue-green alga Oscillatoria limnetica. Seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in these lakes are controlled partially by the rapid flushing rate during snowmelt and the transport of phytoplankton from the highest lake to the lower lakes by the stream, Icy Brook. During snowmelt, the A. formosa population in the most downstream lake has a net rate of increase of 0.34 d-1, which is calculated from the flushing rate and from the A. formosa abundance in the inflow from the upstream lake and in the downstream lake. Measurement of photosynthetic rates at different depths during the three periods confirmed the rapid growth of A. formosa during the spring. The decline in A. formosa after snowmelt may be related to grazing by developing zooplankton populations. The possible importance of the seasonal variations in nitrate concentrations were evaluated in situ enrichment experiments. For A. formosa and O. limnetica populations, growth stimulation resulted from 8- or 16-micromolar amendments of calcium nitrate and sulfuric acid, but the reason for this stimulation could not be determined from these experiments.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE AMPHIPOD COMMUNITIES OFF SANTOS, SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC

The amphipod fauna was employed to investigate a bottom environmental gradient in the continental shelf adjacent to Santos Bay. The constant flow of less saline water from the estuarine complex of the Santos and Sao Vicente rivers besides the seasonal intrusion of the cold saline South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) bring a highly dynamic water regime to the area. Density, distribution, diversity and functional structure of the communities were studied on a depth gradient from 10 to 100 m on two cruises in contrasting seasons, winter 2005 and summer 2006. Twenty-one sediment samples were taken with a 0.09m(2) box corer. Temperature and salinity were measured at each station and an additional surface sediment sample was obtained with the box corer for granulometric and chemical analyses. Sixty species were collected on each survey and higher density values were found in summer. A priori one-way Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM) indicated the existence of three different groups of amphipods related to the depth gradient: the Coastal group, the Mixed Zone group and the Deep Zone group. The Coastal Zone in both cruises was inhabited by a community presenting low diversity and density, besides high dominance of the infaunal tube-dweller Ampelisca paria; the area around 30 m presented the highest values of all the ecological indicators and the species showed several life styles; the outer area, situated between 50 and 100 m depth in the SACW domain, presented a community characterized by lower diversity and high biomass and density values. A season-depth ANOSIM showed the influence of depth and season for the Coastal and Mixed Zone groups whereas no seasonal difference was obtained for the Deep Zone group. The synergistic effect of the SACW and depth in the first place, followed by physical changes in substrate, seem to be the main factors controlling the fauna's distribution. In addition, the estuarine waters from Santos Bay apparently had no effect on the establishment of the environmental gradient observed on the adjacent shelf. Diversity, distribution, functional groups and trophic conditions of superficial sediments are discussed in the light of the main oceanographic processes present on the southern Brazilian shelf.

Daily rhythms of native Brazilians in summer and winter

Access to electricity, granting relative independence of human activity on the dark phase of the day, has been pointed out as an important cause for the absence of seasonal changes in the daily rhythms of humans living in urban areas. Featuring a population of adult Guarani natives living without access to electricity, the present naturalistic study was designed to explore possible effects of different natural photoperiods and temperature on human circadian rhythms. We compared time series of wrist temperature (WT) and motor activity in winter and summer, respectively, 01 24 individuals aged 18 to 80. Twenty-four-hour rhythms of WT showed lower amplitudes and higher mean levels in summer, with no significant seasonal differences in acrophase. In contrast, rest-activity (RA) rhythms exhibited a significantly later rest on-and offset in summer, but no seasonal changes in duration, amplitude and mean level. We furthermore identified a phase advance of both the WT acrophase and rest onset with increasing age of the individuals. We concluded that in our study the effect of different seasons was reflected in the amplitude and mean level of the WT rhythm, as well the onset of nighttime rest, which was delayed in summer. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Vocal and territorial behavior in the Smith frog (Hypsiboas faber): Relationships with plasma levels of corticosterone and testosterone

The possible trade-off between the roles of glucocorticoids as facilitators of energy substrate mobilization and neural inhibitors of sexual behavior during breeding season is under debate. We studied the relationship between calling and territorial behavior with plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT) and plasma levels of testosterone (T) across the breeding season of Hypsiboas faber, a large and territorial Neotropical treefrog. We investigated these relationships through focal observations of males calling naturally, followed by blood sampling for hormonal radioimmunoassay. We additionally used an experimental approach, which consisted of broadcasting recorded advertisement calls for 10 min to simulate an invasion in the territory of the focal subjects, followed by behavioral observation and blood sampling for hormonal radioimmunoassay. Results showed a pattern of co-variation between CORT and T across the breeding season. Furthermore, individual variation in CORT and T was related to different aspects of behavior: individuals with higher CORT showed higher calling rates, and individuals with higher steroid levels, mainly T, showed higher responsivity to social stimulation by other males in the chorus. Experimental simulation of territorial intrusion by using playback of advertisement calls of this species did not elicit consistent changes in agonistic behavior and CORT, but decreased T in focal males. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Global Paleomonsoon as seen through speleothem records from Asia and the Americas

The regional monsoons of the world have long been viewed as seasonal atmospheric circulation reversal-analogous to a thermally-driven land-sea breeze on a continental scale. This conventional view of monsoons is now being integrated at a global scale and accordingly, a new paradigm has emerged which considers regional monsoons to be manifestations of global-scale seasonal changes in response to overturning of atmospheric circulation in the tropics and subtropics, and henceforth, interactive components of a singular Global Monsoon (GM) system. The paleoclimate community, however, tends to view 'paleomonsoon' (PM), largely in terms of regional circulation phenomena. In the past decade, many high-quality speleothem oxygen isotope (delta O-18) records have been established from the Asian Monsoon and the South American Monsoon regions that primarily reflect changes in the integrated intensities of monsoons on orbital-to-decadal timescales. With the emergence of these high-resolution and absolute-dated records from both sides of the Equator, it is now possible to test a concept of the 'Global-Paleo-Monsoon' (GPM) on a wide-range of timescales. Here we present a comprehensive synthesis of globally-distributed speleothem delta O-18 records and highlight three aspects of the GPM that are comparable to the modern GM: (1) the GPM intensity swings on different timescales; (2) their global extent; and (3) an anti-phased inter-hemispheric relationship between the Asian and South American monsoon systems on a wide range of timescales.

Climate signatures in corals of the tropical-temperate transition zone (Late Miocene, Crete/Greece)

The present study describes a Late Miocene (early Tortonian - early Messinian) transitional carbonate system that combines elements of tropical and cool-water carbonate systems (Irakleion Basin, island of Crete, Greece). As documented by stratal geometries, the submarine topography of the basin was controlled by tilting blocks. Coral reefs formed by Porites and Tarbellastrea occurred in a narrow clastic coastal belt along a „central Cretan landmass“, and steep escarpments formed by faulting. Extensive covers of level-bottom communities existed in a low-energy environment on the gentle dip-slope ramps of the blocks that show the widest geographical distribution within the basin. Consistent patterns of landward and basinward shift of coastal onlap in all outcrop studies reveal an overriding control of 3rd and 4th order sea level changes on sediment dynamics and facies distributions over block movements. An increasingly dry climate and the complex submarine topography of the fault block mosaic kept sediment and nutrient discharge at a minimum. The skeletal limestone facies therefore reflects oligotrophic conditions and a sea surface temperature (SST) near the lower threshold temperature of coral reefs in a climatic position transitional between the tropical coral reef belt and the temperate zone. Stable isotope records (δ18O, δ13C) from massiv, exceptionally preserved Late Miocene aragonite coral skeletons reflect seasonal changes in sea surface temperature and symbiont autotrophy. Spectral analysis of a 69 years coral δ18O record reveals significant variance at interannual time scales (5-6 years) that matches the present-day eastern Mediterranean climate variability controlled by the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation (AO/NAO), the Northern Hemisphere’s dominant mode of atmospheric variability. Supported by simulations with a complex atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed-layer ocean model, it is suggested, that climate dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and central Europe reflect atmospheric variability related to the Icelandic Low 10 million years ago. Usually, Miocene corals are transformed in calcite spar in geological time and isotope values are reset by diagenetic alteration. It is demonstrated that the relicts of growth bands represent an intriguing source of information for the growth conditions of fossil corals. Recrystallized growth bands were measured systematically in massive Porites from Crete. The Late Miocene corals were growing slowly with 2-4 mm/yr, compatible with present-day Porites from high latitude reefs, a relationship that fits the position of Crete at the margin of the Miocene tropical reef belt. Over Late Miocene time (Tortonian - early Messinian) growth rates remained remarkably constant, and if the modern growth temperature relationship for massive Porites applies to the Neogene, minimum (winter) SST did not exceed 19-21°C.

Laboratory and field measurements of enantiomeric and non-enantiomeric biogenic VOCs and anthropogenic BTEX compounds

This doctoral thesis was focused on the investigation of enantiomeric and non-enantiomeric biogenic organic compound (BVOC) emissions from both leaf and canopy scales in different environments. In addition, the anthropogenic compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) were studied. BVOCs are emitted into the lower troposphere in large quantities (ca. 1150 Tg C ·yr-1), approximately an order of magnitude greater than the anthropogenic VOCs. BVOCs are particularly important in tropospheric chemistry because of their impact on ozone production and secondary organic aerosol formation or growth. The BVOCs examined in this study were: isoprene, (-)/ (+)-α-pinene, (-)/ (+)-ß-pinene, Δ-3-carene, (-)/ (+)-limonene, myrcene, eucalyptol and camphor, as these were the most abundant BVOCs observed both in the leaf cuvette study and the ambient measurements. In the laboratory cuvette studies, the sensitivity of enantiomeric enrichment change from the leaf emission has been examined as a function of light (0-1600 PAR) and temperature (20-45°C). Three typical Mediterranean plant species (Quercus ilex L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Pinus halepensis Mill.) with more than three individuals of each have been investigated using a dynamic enclosure cuvette. The terpenoid compound emission rates were found to be directly linked to either light and temperature (e.g. Quercus ilex L.) or mainly to temperature (e.g. Rosmarinus officinalis L., Pinus halepensis Mill.). However, the enantiomeric signature showed no clear trend in response to either the light or temperature; moreover a large variation of enantiomeric enrichment was found during the experiment. This enantiomeric signature was also used to distinguish chemotypes beyond the normal achiral chemical composition method. The results of nineteen Quercus ilex L. individuals, screened under standard conditions (30°C and 1000 PAR) showed four different chemotypes, whereas the traditional classification showed only two. An enclosure branch cuvette set-up was applied in the natural boreal forest environment from four chemotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and one chemotype of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and the direct emissions compared with ambient air measurements above the canopy during the HUMPPA-COPEC 2010 summer campaign. The chirality of a-pinene was dominated by (+)-enantiomers from Scots pine while for Norway spruce the chirality was found to be opposite (i.e. Abstract II (-)-enantiomer enriched) becoming increasingly enriched in the (-)-enantiomer with light. Field measurements over a Spanish stone pine forest were performed to examine the extent of seasonal changes in enantiomeric enrichment (DOMINO 2008). These showed clear differences in chirality of monoterpene emissions. In wintertime the monoterpene (-)-a-pinene was found to be in slight enantiomeric excess over (+)-a-pinene at night but by day the measured ratio was closer to one i.e. racemic. Samples taken the following summer in the same location showed much higher monoterpene mixing ratios and revealed a strong enantiomeric excess of (-)-a-pinene. This indicated a strong seasonal variance in the enantiomeric emission ratio which was not manifested in the day/night temperature cycles in wintertime. A clear diurnal cycle of enantiomeric enrichment in a-pinene was also found over a French oak forest and the boreal forest. However, while in the boreal forest (-)-a-pinene enrichment increased around the time of maximum light and temperature, the French forest showed the opposite tendency with (+)-a-pinene being favored. For the two field campaigns (DOMINO 2008 and HUMPPA-COPEC 2010), the BTEX were also investigated. For the DOMINO campaign, mixing ratios of the xylene isomers (meta- and para-) and ethylbenzene, which are all well resolved on the ß-cyclodextrin column, were exploited to estimate average OH radical exposures to VOCs from the Huelva industrial area. These were compared to empirical estimates of OH based on JNO2 measured at the site. The deficiencies of each estimation method are discussed. For HUMPPA-COPEC campaign, benzene and toluene mixing ratios can clearly define the air mass influenced by the biomass burning pollution plume from Russia.

Seasonality as a core business of phenology

The best characteristics of phenological observations are their description of seasons and seasonal patterns. Specific phenological phases are used to define the beginning and the end of seasons that form phenological calendars. Phenological observations more closely capture the integrated seasonal rhythm than statistically derived means or thresholds from climate elements. They only provide approximate indicators of seasonal changes and cannot replace visible or directly measurable phenomena. Including abiotic observations such as the timing of frost, thawing, icing, snow and fog even provides seasonality descriptions beyond the vegetation period. The length and position of seasons within the year is a foundation for an integrated description of seasonality presented as a phenological season diagram. Phenological observations are the indispensable basis for an integral description of a seasonal classification and seasonality. A well designed phenological diagram could offer a comprehensive picture of the rhythm and amplitude of seasons.