An��lise estrutural e avalia����o do efeito condroitim sulfato extra��do de til��pia (Oreochromis niloticus) em modelo de peritonite aguda

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a naturally glycosaminoglycan found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues and it may be extracted and purified those tissues. CS is involved in various biological functions, which may be related to the having structural variability, despite the simplicity of the linear chain structure from this molecule. Researches in biotechnology and pharmaceutical field with wastes from aquaculture has been developed in Brazil. In recent decades, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), native fish from Africa, has been one of the most cultivated species in various regions of the world, including Brazil. The tilapia farming is a cost-effective activity, however, it generates large amount of wastes that are discarded by producers. It is understood that waste from tilapia can be used in research as a source of molecules with important biotechnological applications, which also helps in reducing environmental impacts and promote the development of an ecofriendly activity. Thus, nile tilapia viscera were subjected to proteolysis, then the glycosaminoglycans were complexed with ion exchange resin (Lewatit), it was fractionated with increasing volumes of acetone and purified by ion exchange chromatography DEAE-Sephacel. Further, the fraction was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The electrophoretic profile of the compound together the analysis of 1H NMR spectra and the HSQC correlation allow to affirm that the compound corresponds to a molecule like chondroitin sulfate. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability in the presence of CS tilapia isolated and showed that the compound is not cytotoxic to normal cells such as cells from the mouse embryo fibroblast (3T3). Then, this compound was tested for the ability to reduce the influx of leukocytes in model of acute peritonitis (in vivo) induced by sodium thioglycolate. In this context, it was done total and differential leukocytes counting in the blood and peritoneal fluid collected respectively from vena cava and the peritoneal cavity of the animals subjected to the experiment. The chondroitin sulfate for the first time isolated from tilapia (CST ) was able to reduce the migration of leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity of inflamed mice until 80.4 per cent at a dose 10��g/kg. The results also show that there was a significant reduction (p<0.001) of the population of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from peritoneal cavity in the three tested doses (0.1��g/kg; 1��g/kg and 10��g/kg) when it was compared to the positive control (just thioglycolate). Therefore, since the CST structure and mechanism of action has been completely elucidated, this compound may have potential for therapeutic use in inflammatory diseases

Avalia����o dos efeitos t��xicos in vitro e in vivo do extrato hidroetan��lico dos frutos de Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae) em camundongos Swiss

The therapeutic use of medicinal plants has contributed since antiquity in a beneficial way for health. However, many species lacks of scientific evidence which provide basis for their use in therapeutic practice. In this context is the Genipa americana L. species (Rubiaceae), popularly known as jenipapo and used to treat syfilis, ulcer and hemorrhagic disturbs. It's also used against bruising, as tonic and as aphrodisiac. Due this species lacks toxicological studies, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity in vivo (acute and sub-chronic toxicity) and in vitro (cytotoxicity) of the hydroethanolic extract from G. americana fruits. The hydroethanolic extract of G. americana fruits was prepared by maceration. A preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed to assess the presence of secondary metabolites in the extract. The cytotoxicity study of the extract (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg / 100 ul) were performed against normal cells (3T3) and tumor (786-0, HepG2 and B16), analyzed by the MTT assay. To evaluate the acute (single dose of 2000 mg / Kg) and subchronic (100, 500 and 1000 mg / kg for 30 days) toxicity Swiss mice of both sexes were used. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and organs were collected for analysis. Data between groups were compared by t test or ANOVA with Dunnett's post-test with 5% significance level. The phytochemical study of the extracts mainly indicated the presence of iridoids. Results for cytotoxicity tests showed up to 70% inhibition of B16 cell line at a dose of 1000 mg / 100 ul, and up to 29% inhibition of 786-0 at a dose of 10 ug / 100 ul. The extract did not cause death in 3T3 and HepG2 cells. During the in vivo assays, there were no animal deaths. Analysis of blood samples revealed that the animals submitted to the evaluation of acute toxicity had changes in AST and ALT, and that the animals evaluated for subchronic toxicity showed changes in the relative wet weight of the kidney and plasma urea concentration. No differences were observed between groups on histopathological evaluation of the collected organs. Despite the changes found in the in vivo toxicity tests, using the criteria described by the OECD Guidelines, it is suggested that the hydroethanolic extract of the fruits of the G. americana is classified as low toxicity. The cytotoxicity of the extract suggests that they have potential against melanoma cell lines (B16).

Avalia����o dos efeitos t��xicos in vitro e in vivo do extrato hidroetan��lico dos frutos de Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae) em camundongos Swiss

The therapeutic use of medicinal plants has contributed since antiquity in a beneficial way for health. However, many species lacks of scientific evidence which provide basis for their use in therapeutic practice. In this context is the Genipa americana L. species (Rubiaceae), popularly known as jenipapo and used to treat syfilis, ulcer and hemorrhagic disturbs. It's also used against bruising, as tonic and as aphrodisiac. Due this species lacks toxicological studies, the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity in vivo (acute and sub-chronic toxicity) and in vitro (cytotoxicity) of the hydroethanolic extract from G. americana fruits. The hydroethanolic extract of G. americana fruits was prepared by maceration. A preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed to assess the presence of secondary metabolites in the extract. The cytotoxicity study of the extract (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg / 100 ul) were performed against normal cells (3T3) and tumor (786-0, HepG2 and B16), analyzed by the MTT assay. To evaluate the acute (single dose of 2000 mg / Kg) and subchronic (100, 500 and 1000 mg / kg for 30 days) toxicity Swiss mice of both sexes were used. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and organs were collected for analysis. Data between groups were compared by t test or ANOVA with Dunnett's post-test with 5% significance level. The phytochemical study of the extracts mainly indicated the presence of iridoids. Results for cytotoxicity tests showed up to 70% inhibition of B16 cell line at a dose of 1000 mg / 100 ul, and up to 29% inhibition of 786-0 at a dose of 10 ug / 100 ul. The extract did not cause death in 3T3 and HepG2 cells. During the in vivo assays, there were no animal deaths. Analysis of blood samples revealed that the animals submitted to the evaluation of acute toxicity had changes in AST and ALT, and that the animals evaluated for subchronic toxicity showed changes in the relative wet weight of the kidney and plasma urea concentration. No differences were observed between groups on histopathological evaluation of the collected organs. Despite the changes found in the in vivo toxicity tests, using the criteria described by the OECD Guidelines, it is suggested that the hydroethanolic extract of the fruits of the G. americana is classified as low toxicity. The cytotoxicity of the extract suggests that they have potential against melanoma cell lines (B16).

S��ndrome de Cogan: achados oculares em um caso da forma at��pica

A s��ndrome de Cogan �� entidade multissist��mica rara caracterizada por ceratite intersticial associada �� disfun����o ��udio-vestibular e poss��vel surdez irrevers��vel classificada em duas formas cl��nicas: t��pica e at��pica. H�� discord��ncia na literatura quanto �� presen��a de acometimento corneano na forma at��pica. Uma paciente de 32 anos queixando-se de hiperemia e dor ocular, fotofobia e baixa da acuidade visual no olho direito, associada �� perda s��bita de audi����o �� esquerda, v��mitos, diarr��ia, olig��ria, dor na orofaringe e febre. Hist��ria pr��via de semelhante acometimento do olho esquerdo e audi����o direita. Havia intensa hiperemia conjuntival, esclerite nodular, episclerite e infiltrados circulares no estroma corneano. A paciente recebeu pulsoterapia com metilprednisolona e ciclofosfamida. Evoluiu com grande melhora ocular, por��m com resposta auditiva pobre. O caso reportado pode constituir forma t��pica da s��ndrome de Cogan (de acordo com autores que defendem o n��oacometimento corneano na forma at��pica) com alguns achados caracter��sticos da forma at��pica ou um caso da forma at��pica da s��ndrome de Cogan (para aqueles que defendem o acometimento corneano na forma at��pica). O diagn��stico diferencial tamb��m �� discutido

Efeitos da aplica����o t��pica do mel de melipona subnitida em feridas infectadas de ratos

Avaliar efeitos do uso t��pico do mel da abelha silvestre Melipona subnitida na evolu����o de feridas infectadas de pele. M��todo: Ratos Wistar foram distribu��dos aleatoriamente em grupos de 6, anestesiados com tiopental s��dico 20mg/Kg IP e cetamina 30mg/Kg IM e submetidos a ex��rese de segmento de 1 cm2 de pele total do dorso. Os ratos do grupo C (n��o infectado) foram tratados com solu����o salina sobre a ferida diariamente e no grupo MEL (n��o infectado) as feridas foram tratadas com mel uma vez por dia. Nos grupos C/I e MEL/I as feridas foram inoculadas com solu����o polimicrobiana. Culturas foram feitas 24 horas ap��s. Caracterizada a infec����o, as feridas foram tratadas com solu����o salina e mel, respectivamente. No terceiro dia de tratamento foi feita nova cultura. Ap��s epiteliza����o foi contado o tempo de cicatriza����o e as feridas foram biopsiadas para histopatologia e dosagem de TNF-a, IL-1b e IL-6 no tecido. Resultados: O tempo m��dio de cicatriza����o do grupo MEL/I foi menor que nos demais grupos(P<0,05). Verificou-se que a densidade de col��geno, leuc��citos, fibroblastos e dosagem de citocinas (especialmente TNF) foi maior no grupo infectado e tratado com mel que nos demais grupos. Houve significante redu����o de bact��rias Gram-negativas e positivas nas feridas ap��s o tratamento com mel. Conclus��o: O uso t��pico de mel de Melipona subnitida em feridas infectadas da pele de ratos estimulou a resposta imunol��gica, reduziu a infec����o e o tempo de cicatriza����o

S��ndrome de Cogan: achados oculares em um caso da forma at��pica

A s��ndrome de Cogan �� entidade multissist��mica rara caracterizada por ceratite intersticial associada �� disfun����o ��udio-vestibular e poss��vel surdez irrevers��vel classificada em duas formas cl��nicas: t��pica e at��pica. H�� discord��ncia na literatura quanto �� presen��a de acometimento corneano na forma at��pica. Uma paciente de 32 anos queixando-se de hiperemia e dor ocular, fotofobia e baixa da acuidade visual no olho direito, associada �� perda s��bita de audi����o �� esquerda, v��mitos, diarr��ia, olig��ria, dor na orofaringe e febre. Hist��ria pr��via de semelhante acometimento do olho esquerdo e audi����o direita. Havia intensa hiperemia conjuntival, esclerite nodular, episclerite e infiltrados circulares no estroma corneano. A paciente recebeu pulsoterapia com metilprednisolona e ciclofosfamida. Evoluiu com grande melhora ocular, por��m com resposta auditiva pobre. O caso reportado pode constituir forma t��pica da s��ndrome de Cogan (de acordo com autores que defendem o n��oacometimento corneano na forma at��pica) com alguns achados caracter��sticos da forma at��pica ou um caso da forma at��pica da s��ndrome de Cogan (para aqueles que defendem o acometimento corneano na forma at��pica). O diagn��stico diferencial tamb��m �� discutido

Efeitos da aplica����o t��pica do mel de melipona subnitida em feridas infectadas de ratos

Avaliar efeitos do uso t��pico do mel da abelha silvestre Melipona subnitida na evolu����o de feridas infectadas de pele. M��todo: Ratos Wistar foram distribu��dos aleatoriamente em grupos de 6, anestesiados com tiopental s��dico 20mg/Kg IP e cetamina 30mg/Kg IM e submetidos a ex��rese de segmento de 1 cm2 de pele total do dorso. Os ratos do grupo C (n��o infectado) foram tratados com solu����o salina sobre a ferida diariamente e no grupo MEL (n��o infectado) as feridas foram tratadas com mel uma vez por dia. Nos grupos C/I e MEL/I as feridas foram inoculadas com solu����o polimicrobiana. Culturas foram feitas 24 horas ap��s. Caracterizada a infec����o, as feridas foram tratadas com solu����o salina e mel, respectivamente. No terceiro dia de tratamento foi feita nova cultura. Ap��s epiteliza����o foi contado o tempo de cicatriza����o e as feridas foram biopsiadas para histopatologia e dosagem de TNF-a, IL-1b e IL-6 no tecido. Resultados: O tempo m��dio de cicatriza����o do grupo MEL/I foi menor que nos demais grupos(P<0,05). Verificou-se que a densidade de col��geno, leuc��citos, fibroblastos e dosagem de citocinas (especialmente TNF) foi maior no grupo infectado e tratado com mel que nos demais grupos. Houve significante redu����o de bact��rias Gram-negativas e positivas nas feridas ap��s o tratamento com mel. Conclus��o: O uso t��pico de mel de Melipona subnitida em feridas infectadas da pele de ratos estimulou a resposta imunol��gica, reduziu a infec����o e o tempo de cicatriza����o

Influence of substrates composition on immunomodulation by MSCs

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic multipotent stem cells capable to self-renew and differentiate along different cell lineages. MSCs can be found in adult tissues and extra embryonic tissues like the umbilical cord matrix/Wharton���s Jelly (WJ). The latter constitute a good source of MSCs, being more na��ve and having a higher proliferative potential than MSCs from adult tissues like the bone marrow, turning them more appealing for clinical use. It is clear that MSCs modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses and its immunodulatory effects are wide, extending to T cells and dendritic cells, being therapeutically useful for treatment of immune system disorders. Mechanotransduction is by definition the mechanism by which cells transform mechanical signals translating that information into biochemical and morphological changes. Here, we hypothesize that by culturing WJ-MSCs on distinct substrates with different stiffness and biochemical composition, may influence the immunomodulatory capacity of the cells. Here, we showed that WJ-MSCs cultured on distinct PDMS substrates presented different secretory profiles from cells cultured on regular tissue culture polystyrene plates (TCP), showing higher secretion of several cytokines analysed. Moreover, it was also shown that WJ-MSCs cultured on PDMS substrates seems to possess higher immunomodulatory capabilities and to differentially regulate the functional compartments of T cells when compared to MSCs maintained on TCP. Taken together, our results suggest that elements of mechanotransduction seem to be influencing the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs, as well as their secretory profile. Thus, future strategies will be further explored to better understand these observation and to envisage new in vitro culture conditions for MSCs aiming at distinct therapeutic approaches, namely for immune-mediated disorders.

Retiro de medita����o budista: estudo explorat��rio �� luz do m��todo fenomenol��gico

Disserta����o de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obten����o de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Cl��nica.

An��lise da estabilidade gen��tica de c��lulas-tronco mesenquimais humanas

Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have become an important and attractive therapeutic tool since they are easily isolated and cultured, have in vitro expansion potential, substantial plasticity and secrete bioactive molecules that exert trophic effects. The human umbilical cord as a cell source for cell therapy will help to avoid several ethical, political, religious and technical issues. One of the main issues with SC lines from different sources, mainly those of embryonic origin, is the possibility of chromosomal alterations and genomic instability during in vitro expansion. Cells isolated from one umbilical cord exhibited a rare balanced paracentric inversion, likely a cytogenetic constitutional alteration, karyotype: 46,XY,inv(3)(p13p25~26). Important genes related to cancer predisposition and others involved in DNA repair are located in 3p25~26. Titanium is an excellent biomaterial for bone-implant integration; however, the use can result in the generation of particulate debris that can accumulate in the tissues adjacent to the prosthesis, in the local bone marrow, in the lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Subsequently may elicit important biological responses that aren��t well studied. In this work, we have studied the genetic stability of MSC isolated from the umbilical cord vein during in vitro expansion, after the cryopreservation, and under different concentrations and time of exposition to titanium microparticles. Cells were isolated, in vitro expanded, demonstrated capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and were evaluated using flow cytometry, so they met the minimum requirements for characterization as MSCs. The cells were expanded under different concentrations and time of exposition to titanium microparticles. The genetic stability of MSCs was assessed by cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analysis of micronucleus and other nuclear alterations (CBMN). The cells were able to internalize the titanium microparticles, but MSCs preserve their morphology, differentiation capacity and surface marker expression profiles. Furthermore, there was an increase in the genomic instability after long time of in vitro expansion, and this instability was greater when cells were exposed to high doses of titanium microparticles that induced oxidative stress. It is necessary always assess the risks/ benefits of using titanium in tissue therapy involving MSCs, considering the biosafety of the use of bone regeneration using titanium and MSCs. Even without using titanium, it is important that the therapeutic use of such cells is based on analyzes that ensure quality, security and cellular stability, with the standardization of quality control programs appropriate. In conclusion, it is suggested that cytogenetic analysis, FISH analysis and the micronucleus and other nuclear alterations are carried out in CTMH before implanting in a patient

S��ntese qu��mica e avalia����o das propriedades antibacterianas e antiparasit��rias de an��logos de pept��deos antimicrobianos de anuros

Tese (doutorado)���Universidade de Bras��lia, Instituto de Ci��ncias Biol��gicas, Programa de P��s-Gradua����o em Biologia Molecular, 2015.

Uso del l��ser terap��utico en ortodoncia.

Tesis (Maestr��a en Ciencias Odontol��gicas con especialidad en Ortodoncia) UANL, 2014.

Higiene de los ba��os de mar �� instrucciones para su uso puramente higi��nico, as�� como para el terap��utico �� curativo en las muchas enfermedades contra las cuales tienen probada eficacia y manual pr��ctico del ba��ista /

Mode of access: Internet.

Vertigens de uma psican��lise a c��u aberto: a cidade contribui����es do acompanhamento terapêutico �� cl��nica na reforma psiqui��trica

A pesquisa, interessada em precisar as ferramentas conceituais que possibilitam operar a cl��nica no campo da reforma psiqui��trica quando a cidade invade o setting do tratamento e vem colocar a cl��nica em quest��o tem como ponto de partida o percurso de uma experi��ncia desenvolvida nos ��ltimos dez anos junto �� Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em parceria com servi��os de sa��de mental da rede p��blica, tendo a atividade do acompanhamento terapêutico como vetor. Cl��nica e cidade foram os fios condutores desta investiga����o, que recorre inicialmente a leituras diversas, da hist��ria, geografia, ci��ncias sociais, literatura, filosofia, para acompanhar desde a forma����o das cidades medievais at�� o advento das metr��poles contempor��neas. O nascimento do alienismo �� inscrito nesse contexto, no momento de instaura����o das sociedades democr��ticas modernas, cuja ambi����o pelo governo das lamas engendra o ideal isolacionista que o asilo psiqui��trico veio presentificar, de forma que a psiquiatria e suas cong��neres, nascidas na cidade, dela v��m se apartar, o que se coloca como paradoxo presente nos processos de reforma psiqui��trica contempor��neos que propugnam o retorno da loucura ao conv��vio nas cidades. Considerando que �� esses paradoxo que o acompanhamento terapêutico, ao abrir-se �� cidade, vem habita, a pesquisa busca identificar as ferramentas conceituais de que se serve o acompanhamento terapêutico em cada uma de suas vertentes em cada uma de suas vertentes te��ricas referendadas seja em Lacan, em, Winnicott ou Deleuze e Guattari e o modo como essas ferramentas possibilitam �� cl��nica a incorpora����o do espa��o p��blica, atrav��s de objetos e rela����es, tanto simb��licos como materiais, sem fazer uso de uma rela����o de dom��nio �� parte que implique em segrega����o com respeito �� sociedade comum. Conclui-se, da��, que, se a incid��ncia da cidade na pr��tica do acompanhamento terapêutico configura o tra��o que singulariza essa pr��tica como um dos modos de fazer cl��nica, ela ��, ao mesmo tempo, o que leva ao seu limite paradoxal o modo como a cl��nica se faz, cabendo disso extrais as consequ��ncias que interessam a uma cl��nica conforme a radicalidade do que prop��e a reforma psiqui��trica.

Contributo das tecnologias de informa����o na gest��o do regime terapêutico no diab��tico

A diabetes �� a doen��a do seculo XXI, atinge mais de um milh��o de portugueses cada vez mais jovens em idades trabalhadoras, e j�� custa mais de 1% do PIB, al��m dos enormes danos que pode causar ��s pessoas e �� sociedade. Segundo o Relat��rio Anual do Observat��rio Nacional da Diabetes, em 2011, cerca de um quarto da popula����o portuguesa integrada no escal��o et��rio dos 60 aos 79 tem Diabetes. Um estudo realizado pelo Lisbon Internet and Networks Institute (LINI), em 2010, diz-nos que ���a internet �� um recurso para a informa����o e educa����o para a sa��de���. Em 2010 49% dos lares portugueses possuem acesso �� internet e 44% da popula����o �� utilizadora (acr��scimo significativo relativamente aos 29% em 2003). Destes, dois ter��os t��m entre os 15 e os 24 anos. Os idosos representam 1,6%, dos quais os reformados e pensionistas representam 5%, as dom��sticas representam 11% e os trabalhadores manuais 22%, sendo estes os menos utilizadores. Um ter��o da restante popula����o procura informa����o sobre sa��de semanalmente, cerca de 16%. Face �� atual conjuntura econ��mica, com restri����es or��amentais, nomeadamente na ��rea da sa��de, devem-se encontrar meios para prevenir e lidar com a Diabetes numa perspetiva de custo-benef��cio, isto porque a Diabetes pode reduzir as oportunidades de emprego e de aprendizagem. O atual diretor da Organiza����o para a Coopera����o e Desenvolvimento Econ��mico (OCDE) Yyes Leterme diz que ���Prevenir e tratar a Diabetes e as suas complica����es custa cerca de 90 mil milh��es de euros anualmente na Europa���. Atualmente, n��o �� muito utilizado nem explorado o potencial das tecnologias de informa����o e as ferramentas web ao servi��o da sa��de, quer por profissionais de sa��de, quer por utentes na gest��o ao regime terapêutico na doen��a cr��nica, mais precisamente na gest��o adequada da Diabetes. Potenciar uma vis��o integrada dos diferentes recursos de comunica����o e a sua utiliza����o conjugada com a promo����o da sa��de e preven����o da doen��a poder�� enfatizar em termos de efic��cia e efici��ncia a minimiza����o de recursos das organiza����es de sa��de e promover a gest��o adequada da Diabetes. Tendo por base esta problem��tica, este estudo pretende abordar e refletir o poss��vel contributo das tecnologias de informa����o e das ferramentas web na gest��o adequada ao regime terapêutico da Diabetes.