Paikallisen energiayhtiön maakaasuliiketoimintojen kehittäminen

Työssä selvitetään mahdollisuuksia laajentaa kaasuliiketoimintaa sellaisilla alueilla, jotka sijaitsevat maakaasun siirtoputken läheisyydessä ja joilla kaukolämpöliiketoimintaa ei pidetä houkuttelevana vaihtoehtona. Tarkasteltavaksi valittiin yksi edellä mainitun kaltainen alue. Tutkimuksen pääasiallinen tarkoitus on vertailla kaukolämmön sekä maakaasun jakelun taloudellista kannattavuutta valitulla alueella. Työssä selvitetään maakaasun jakeluun ja käyttöön tarvittava laitteisto, sekä maakaasuliiketoiminnan taloudellinen kannattavuus. Työssä esitellään lisäksi mikroturbiinien toimintaperiaate ja selvitetään niiden käyttösovellukset sekä mitä mahdollisuuksia niiden käyttö tarjoaisi energiayhtiölle. Kaasuliiketoiminta on tutkitulla alueella kannattavampaa kuin kaukolämpö. Kaasuliiketoiminnasta tulee kannattavaa, jos asiakkaiksi saadaan yli 10 prosenttia alueen kiinteistöistä, kun asiakkailta peritään saman suuruiset maksut kuin kaukolämmöllä. Jos asiakasmaksuina käytetään sellaisia maksuja, että kaasusta tulee kuluttajalle edullisin lämmitystapa, niin tällöin kaasuliiketoiminnasta ei tule kannattavaa vielä 70 prosentin asiakasmäärälläkään. Mikroturbiinit eivät tämän hetkisillä sähkön hinnoilla ole energiayhtiölle järkevä tapa tuottaa sähköä ja lämpöä, sillä mikroturbiineilla tuotetun sähkön hinta on kaksinkertainen verrattuna kaasukombi vastapainelaitoksella tuotetun sähkön hintaan. Energiayhtiön on edullisempaa hankkia sähkö yhteispohjoismaisilta sähkömarkkinoilta, kuin tuottaa sitä mikroturbiinilla. Mikroturbiinit soveltuvat lähinnä kiinteistökohtaiseen sähkön- ja lämmöntuotantoon silloin, kun turbiinin koko lämmön ja sähkön tuotanto saadaan hyödynnettyä ja turbiinin omistaa kiinteistö. Tällöin kiinteistön energiakustannukset jäävät kiinteistökohtaisella mikroturbiinilla pienemmiksi kuin hankkimalla sähkö ja lämpö energiayhtiöltä.

Performance Improvement of Centrifugal Compressor Stage with Pinched Geometry or Vaned Diffuser

Centrifugal compressors are widely used for example in refrigeration processes, the oil and gas industry, superchargers, and waste water treatment. In this work, five different vaneless diffusers and six different vaned diffusers are investigated numerically. The vaneless diffusers vary only by their diffuser width, so that four of the geometries have pinch implemented to them. Pinch means a decrease in the diffuser width. Four of the vaned diffusers have the same vane turning angle and a different number of vanes, and two have different vane turning angles. The flow solver used to solve the flow fields is Finflo, which is a Navier-Stokes solver. All the cases are modeled with the Chien's k – έ- turbulence model, and selected cases are modeled also with the k – ώ-SST turbulence model. All five vaneless diffusers and three vaned diffusers are investigated also experimentally. For each construction, the compressor operating map is measured according to relevant standards. In addition to this, the flow fields before and after the diffuser are measured with static and total pressure, flow angle and total temperature measurements. When comparing the computational results to the measured results, it is evident that the k – ώ-SST turbulence model predicts the flow fields better. The simulation results indicate that it is possible to improve the efficiency with the pinch, and according to the numerical results, the two best geometries are the ones with most pinch at the shroud. These geometries have approximately 4 percentage points higher efficiency than the unpinched vaneless diffusers. The hub pinch does not seem to have any major benefits. In general, the pinches make the flow fields before and after the diffuser more uniform. The pinch also seems to improve the impeller efficiency. This is down to two reasons. The major reason is that the pinch decreases the size of slow flow and possible backflow region located near the shroud after the impeller. Secondly, the pinches decrease the flow velocity in the tip clearance, leading to a smaller tip leakage flow and therefore slightly better impeller efficiency. Also some of the vaned diffusers improve the efficiency, the increment being 1...3 percentage points, when compared to the vaneless unpinched geometry. The measurement results confirm that the pinch is beneficial to the performance of the compressor. The flow fields are more uniform with the pinched cases, and the slow flow regions are smaller. The peak efficiency is approximately 2 percentage points and the design point efficiency approximately 4 percentage points higher with the pinched geometries than with the un- pinched geometry. According to the measurements, the two best geometries are the ones with the most pinch at the shroud, the case with the pinch only at the shroud being slightly better of the two. The vaned diffusers also have better efficiency than the vaneless unpinched geometries. However, the pinched cases have even better efficiencies. The vaned diffusers narrow the operating range considerably, whilst the pinch has no significant effect on the operating range.

China's 'Assertive’ South China Sea Policy And Rhetoric: Proactive, Reactive Or Myth?

In March 2010, Chinese State Councillor, Dai Bingguo, in a private meeting with US Deputy Secretary of State, James Steinberg, allegedly referred to the South China Sea (SCS) as one of the country’s ‘core interests’, a term normally only used to refer to regions like Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang upon whose sovereignty Beijing will make no compromises. This alleged wording by Mr Dai caused a strong global reaction, with many countries around the world expressing a fear that China, on the back of its rise to the status of the world's second largest economic power, was now about to implement a more assertive foreign policy more in keeping with its new status of global superpower. As the use of the term ‘core interest’ took place in a private meeting and appears to have been subsequently leaked, it is impossible to prove what was said or meant, yet in 2011, with China and the US continuing to eye each other with suspicion, the adverse repercussions of people trying to deduce what was meant are undeniable. By analysing the views of experts and the evolution or otherwise of Chinese rhetoric and policy towards the SCS, this thesis will show how the alleged use of a term in a private meeting can have consequences that far exceed what was originally intended. It will also show that it is highly unlikely that China’s maritime policy is becoming more assertive as, at China's present stage of social and economic development, it simply cannot afford the ill will and adverse consequences that would result from an act of international aggression. It will show how easy it seems to be for a country like the US to project a misleading image of another country’s intentions, which can in turn serve partially to mask its own intentions. Finally, it will show that the China’s stance on the SCS is starting to be seen by the world as a litmus test for the assertiveness of overall Chinese foreign policy.

Raw-appearing Restructured fish models made with Sodium alginate or Microbial transglutaminase and effect of chilled storage

Restructuring by adding Sodium Alginate or Microbial Transglutaminase (MTGase) using cold gelation technology make it possible to obtain many different raw products from minced and/or chopped fish muscle that are suitable for being used as the basis of new restructured products with different physicochemical properties and even different compositions. Special consideration must be given to their shelf-life and the changes that may take place during chilling, both in visual appearance and physicochemical properties. After chilled storage, the restructured models made with different muscular particle size and composition at low temperature (5 °C), it was observed that microbial growth limited the shelf-life to 7-14 days. Mechanical properties increased (p < 0.05) during that time, and higher values were observed in samples elaborated by joining small muscle particle size than in those elaborated by homogenization. There was no clear increase in the cooking yield and purge loss, and no significant colour change (p > 0.05) was detected during storage.

Markkinointikampanjoiden ja -aineistojen työnkulun automatisointi

Markkinointi on liikevoittoa tavoitteleville yrityksille yksi tärkeimmistä asioista. Sen avulla yritykset voivat houkutella asiakkaita ostamaan tuotetta tai/ja palvelua. Jotta yritykset onnistuisivat markkinoinnissa nyt ja jatkossakin, on niiden kehitettävä jatkuvasti markkinointiprosessiaan. Markkinointiprosessit ovat digitalisoituneet tietoyhteiskuntien kehittyessä yhä enenevässä määrin. Markkinointikampanjoihin liittyvien digitaalisten aineistojen määrän kasvaessa niiden hallinta on tullut hankalammaksi. Hallintaongelmien ratkaisuksi on kehitetty tietojärjestelmiä, joiden avulla pystyy hallitsemaan suurempia määriä aineistoja. Tässä diplomityössä tutustutaan markkinointikampanjoiden ja -aineistojen työnkulkuprosessiin. Tapauskohtaisessa työssä tavoitteena oli toteuttaa jo olemassa olevan digitaalisten aineistojenhallintajärjestelmän rinnalle uusi järjestelmä, jonka avulla pyrittiin tehostamaan prosessia. Markkinointikampanjoita varten uuteen järjestelmään tehtiin projektinhallintatoiminnallisuuksia. Markkinointiaineistojen kommentointia ja hyväksyntää varten työssä tutustuttiin kahteen aineistojen kommentointi- ja hyväksyntäjärjestelmään. Ne integroitiin alustavasti osaksi järjestelmää, minkä jälkeen niitä testattiin ja arvioitiin. Paremmin käyttötarkoituksiin sopiva järjestelmä otettiin lopullisesti käyttöön. Tässä diplomityössä raportoiduista tuloksista on hyötyä vastaavien järjestelmien suunnittelussa.

Graffiti, memory and contested space : mnemonic initiatives following trauma and/or repression in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Graffiti, Memory and Contested Space: Mnemonic Initiatives Following Periods of Trauma and/or Repression in Buenos Aires, Argentina This thesis concerns the popular articulation ofmemory following periods or incidents of trauma in Argentina. I am interested in how groups lay claim to various public spaces in the city and how they convert these spaces into mnemonic battlegrounds. In considering these spaces of trauma and places of memory, I am primarily interested in how graffiti writing (stencils, spray-paint, signatures, etchings, wall-paintings, murals and installations) is used to make these spaces transmit particular memories that impugn official versions of the past. This thesis draws on literatures focused on popular/public memory. Scholars argue that memory is socially constructed and thus actively contested. Marginal initiatives such as graffiti writing challenge the memory projects of the state as well as state projects that are perceived by citizens to be 'inadequate,' 'inappropriate,' and/or as promoting the erasure of memory. Many of these initiatives are a reaction to the proreconciliation and pro-oblivion strategies of previous governments. I outline that the history of silences and impunity, and a longstanding emphasis on reconciliation at the expense of truth and justice has created an environment of vulnerable memory in Argentina. Popular memory entrepreneurs react by aggressively articulating their memories in time and in space. As a result of this intense memory work, the built landscape in Buenos Aires is dotted with mnemonic initiatives that aim to contradict or subvert officially sanctioned memories. I also suggest that memory workers in Argentina persistently and carefially use the sites of trauma as well as key public spaces to ensure official as well as popular audiences . The data for this project was collected in five spaces in Buenos Aires, the Plaza de Mayo, Plaza Congreso, La Republica Cromanon nightclub, Avellaneda Train Station and El Olimpo, a former detention centre from the military dictatorship.

From the ground up : understanding how teachers and administrators make sense of tension

Strategies designed to improve educational systems have created tensions in school personnel as they struggle to respond to competing demands of ongoing change within their daily realities. The purpose of this case study was to investigate how teachers and administrators in one elementary school made sense ofthese tensions and to explore the factors that constrained or shaped their responses. A constructive interpretative case study using a grounded theory approach was used. Qualitative data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation. In-depth information about teachers' and administrators' experiences and a contextual understanding oftension was generated from inductive analysis of the data. The study found that tension was a phenomenon situated in the context in which it arose. A contextual understanding of tension revealed the interactions between the institutional, personal, and emotional domains that continually shaped individual and group behavioural responses. This contextual understanding of tension provided the means to reinterpret resistance to change. It also helped to show how teachers and administrators reconstructed identities and made sense in context.. Of particular note was the crucial nature of the conditions under which teachers and adlninistrators shaped meaning and understood change. This study sheds light on the contextual intricacies of tension that may help leaders with the complex design and implementation of educational change..

An exploration of female administrators' perceptions of their role: do the differences make a difference?

Recent Ontario legislation by the Ministry of Education has targeted a goal of 50 percent as the minimum objective for representation by women in positions of responsibility by the year 2000. As a result,those few women currently in the field of Educational Administration have become a focus for researchers. The intent of this research is to contribute to the current knowledge and understanding of women principals in the leadership role. In-depth interviews with four experienced female principals were conducted centering on their perceptions and experiences on a wide range of issues that included: gender characteristics and impact on role, perceived differences as a result of gender characteristics, decision making, curriculum leadership, communication, the perception of others, and the advantages and disadvantages of being a woman in the role. Narrative profiles were constructed for each participant and analyzed. A description for each woman emerged by an analysis of common patterns and themes in the participants' narratives. Results revealed that the participants were able to identify and to describe particular gender traits that they perceived had impact on their role. Moreover the participants regarded their gender characteristics as facilitating and enhancing the performance of their role. Common patterns for all the participants emerged from the data that conveyed a strong feminine imagery of mother and espoused the idea of school as home, and staff and students as family. Leadership ii styles demonstrated an emphasis on collaborative decision making, open communication, and apparent difficulty and ambiguity arising from the role of Curriculum leader. The results of this study also indicate that personal metaphors ascribed and embedded in the narratives are significant in conceptualizing and interpreting the administrative role.

Youth with intellectual disabilities and the right to make choices : investigating the family context to inform a training program

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are more likely to be victims of abuse and human rights violations than people without ID. The 3Rs: Rights, Respect, and Responsibility project has developed and is testing a human rights training program for adults with ID. The current project was conducted to make recommendations to adapt the 3Rs rights training program to be used with youth with ID and their families. An interpretive phenomenological framework was employed to investigate youth with ID, parents', and siblings' perceptions of the i r experiences with choice making, an enactment of rights, in the family context. Thematic analysis of interviews revealed that, consistent with previous research, family members consider family values, conventions, and family members' well being when making decisions. A training program should promote a consideration of expanded opportunities for youth with ID to make choices and should be flexible to address individual families' cultures, needs, and desires.

How health organizations can apply scenario based planning and analytic technologies to make strategic consequential decisions in a time of uncertainty

The magnitude of the cervical cancer problem, coupled with the potential for prevention with recent technological advances, made it imperative to step back and reassess strategic options for dealing with cervical cancer screening in Kenya. The purpose of this qualitative study was: 1) to explore the extent to which the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology and the Scenario Based Planning (SBP) method, with the application of analytics, could enable strategic, consequential, informed decision making, and 2) to determine how influential Kenyan decision makers could apply SBP with analytic tools and techniques to make strategic, consequential decisions regarding the implementation of a Cervical Self Sampling Program (CSSP) in both urban and rural settings. The theoretical paradigm for this study was action research; it was experiential, practical, and action oriented, and resulted in co-created knowledge that influenced study participants’ decision making. Action Africa Help International (AAHI) and Brock University collaborated with Local Decision Influencing Participants (LDIP’s) to develop innovative strategies on how to implement the CSSP. SBP tools, along with traditional approaches to data collection and analysis, were applied to collect, visualize and analyze predominately qualitative data. Outputs from the study included: a) a generic implementation scenario for a CSSP (along with scenarios unique to urban and rural settings), and b) 10 strategic directions and 22 supporting implementation strategies that address the variables of: 1) technical viability, 2) political support, 3) affordability, 4) logistical feasibility, 5) social acceptability, and 6) transformation/sustainability. In addition, study participants’ capacity to effectively engage in predictive/prescriptive strategic decision making was strengthened.

The legality of online Privacy-Enhancing Technologies

L’utilisation d’Internet prend beaucoup d’ampleur depuis quelques années et le commerce électronique connaît une hausse considérable. Nous pouvons présentement acheter facilement via Internet sans quitter notre domicile et avons accès à d’innombrables sources d’information. Cependant, la navigation sur Internet permet également la création de bases de données détaillées décrivant les habitudes de chaque utilisateur, informations ensuite utilisées par des tiers afin de cerner le profil de leur clientèle cible, ce qui inquiète plusieurs intervenants. Les informations concernant un individu peuvent être récoltées par l’interception de données transactionnelles, par l’espionnage en ligne, ainsi que par l’enregistrement d’adresses IP. Afin de résoudre les problèmes de vie privée et de s’assurer que les commerçants respectent la législation applicable en la matière, ainsi que les exigences mises de l’avant par la Commission européenne, plusieurs entreprises comme Zero-knowledge Systems Inc. et Anonymizer.com offrent des logiciels permettant la protection de la vie privée en ligne (privacy-enhancing technologies ou PETs). Ces programmes utilisent le cryptage d’information, une méthode rendant les données illisibles pour tous à l’exception du destinataire. L’objectif de la technologie utilisée a été de créer des systèmes mathématiques rigoureux pouvant empêcher la découverte de l’identité de l’auteur même par le plus déterminé des pirates, diminuant ainsi les risques de vol d’information ou la divulgation accidentelle de données confidentielles. Malgré le fait que ces logiciels de protection de la vie privée permettent un plus grand respect des Directives européennes en la matière, une analyse plus approfondie du sujet témoigne du fait que ces technologies pourraient être contraires aux lois concernant le cryptage en droit canadien, américain et français.

Utilization of biodiesel-derived glycerol or xylose for increased growth and lipid production by indigenous microalgae

The use of industrial wastes rich in mineral nutrients and carbon sources to increase the final microalgal biomass and lipid yield at a low cost is an important strategy to make algal biofuel technology viable. Using strains from the microalgal collection of the Université de Montréal, this report shows for the first time that microalgal strains can be grown on xylose, the major carbon source found in wastewater streams from pulp and paper industries, with an increase in growth rate of 2.8 fold in comparison to photoautotrophic growth, reaching up to µ=1.1/day. On glycerol, growth rates reached as high as µ=1.52/day. Lipid productivity increased up to 370% on glycerol and 180% on xylose for the strain LB1H10, showing the suitability of this strain for further development for biofuels production through mixotrophic cultivation.

"A Study Of The Performance Of The "Jeevan Saathi" And "Jeevan Mitra” Policies Offered By The L.I.C."

The main benefit of Jeevan Saathi policy is that, it is a joint life policy which covers the life of both husband and wife under a single policy. And they also get double benefit if any one of them dies during the term of the policy. The Jeevan Mitra policy is a single life policy, the main advantage of which is that the dependents get double benefit in case of normal death and triple benefit in case of accidental death during the term of policy. so both the policies have their own attractions but when compared with the annual sales of other policies, the additional increase in the sales of these policies are decreasing. It is a fact finding study concerned with market performance of these two policies by conducting a survey among the Jeevan Saathi and Jeevan Mitra policy holders, and a thorough analysis of the various information or data collected from them. This study is an attempt to present an integrated picture of the main features of the policy holders who have bought these policies, the major factors responsible for making them purchase these policies, the various difficulties faced by them at present and further modification needed in the plans of these policies according to the opinion of policy holders. For increasing accuracy of the conclusions, information is also collected from Agents and Development Officers by using interview schedule. The main purpose of this study is to draw attention of LIC to introduce new plans of policies taking into consideration the drawbacks or defects of the existing policies and present needs of policy holders. It will also help to make new plans in order to suit the needs of more people who want to buy life insurance policies

How to Make a Panopto Recording Offline

This 7-minute video shows you how to make a recording using Panopto in locations where you have no internet access, such as another institution or on a field trip. It also shows you how to upload the recording when you get back to your office.

How to make an inter library loan request

The guide takes you through the various steps required to request a book, journal article, conference paper, thesis or other documents that the library does not hold in stock.