O uso da Internet como auxílio na Prática Pedagógica: O caso da Escola Técnica Grão Duque Henri

Com o presente estudo pretende-se fazer uma reflexão sobre o uso da Internet, principalmente por parte do professor para auxiliar-lhe na sua prática pedagógica, tendo como objectivo analisar a sua importância na prática pedagógica. Estamos numa sociedade, onde as Tecnologias de Informação são consideradas como base fulcral, permitindo aos indivíduos aceder de uma forma fácil uma grande variedade de informações e estar actualizado constantemente, a poder comunicar com os outros a qualquer momento, a trabalhar mesmo fora do local de trabalho, permitindo ao indivíduo estudar a qualquer hora do dia. Sendo assim, a educação tem de adoptar esta ferramenta de forma a proporcionar aos alunos uma interacção com esta máquina a fim de ajudar-lhes com as mais variadas informações disponíveis. A Internet é uma ferramenta que possibilita aos indivíduos todas as vantagens referidas acima, ela constitui um dos melhores recursos educativos. Deste modo, utilizando-a na educação o professor pode tirar o melhor proveito, pois permite-lhe preparar a sua aula tornando-a mais interessante, motivante e colaborativa, buscando melhores e maiores documentos, que ajudalhe na elaboração dos testes, das actividades a serem desenvolvidas na sala de aula. Relativamente ao estudo de caso, este baseou-se na aplicação de questionário aos professores da Escola Técnica Grão Duque Henri. Foi escolhida uma amostra de 25% dos 45 professores do 11º ano da referida escola, na qual foram aplicados questionário para a obtenção de dados relativamente ao uso da Internet pelos mesmos.

Quantitative monitoring of tamoxifen in human plasma extended to 40 metabolites using liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry: new investigation capabilities for clinical pharmacology.

Liquid-chromatography (LC) high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis can record HR full scans, a technique of detection that shows comparable selectivity and sensitivity to ion transitions (SRM) performed with triple-quadrupole (TQ)-MS but that allows de facto determination of "all" ions including drug metabolites. This could be of potential utility in in vivo drug metabolism and pharmacovigilance studies in order to have a more comprehensive insight in drug biotransformation profile differences in patients. This simultaneous quantitative and qualitative (Quan/Qual) approach has been tested with 20 patients chronically treated with tamoxifen (TAM). The absolute quantification of TAM and three metabolites in plasma was realized using HR- and TQ-MS and compared. The same LC-HR-MS analysis allowed the identification and relative quantification of 37 additional TAM metabolites. A number of new metabolites were detected in patients' plasma including metabolites identified as didemethyl-trihydroxy-TAM-glucoside and didemethyl-tetrahydroxy-TAM-glucoside conjugates corresponding to TAM with six and seven biotransformation steps, respectively. Multivariate analysis allowed relevant patterns of metabolites and ratios to be associated with TAM administration and CYP2D6 genotype. Two hydroxylated metabolites, α-OH-TAM and 4'-OH-TAM, were newly identified as putative CYP2D6 substrates. The relative quantification was precise (<20 %), and the semiquantitative estimation suggests that metabolite levels are non-negligible. Metabolites could play an important role in drug toxicity, but their impact on drug-related side effects has been partially neglected due to the tremendous effort needed with previous MS technologies. Using present HR-MS, this situation should evolve with the straightforward determination of drug metabolites, enlarging the possibilities in studying inter- and intra-patients drug metabolism variability and related effects.

Doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio na cultura do milho em plantio direto sobre Latossolo Vermelho

O nitrogênio (N) é o nutriente absorvido em maiores quantidades pelo milho e o que mais influencia o rendimento de grãos, tendo sua dinâmica no sistema solo-planta alterada pelo manejo. Objetivou-se avaliar doses e épocas de aplicação de N na cultura do milho sob sistema plantio direto (SPD) recém-instalado. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental da UNESP/FEIS, no município de Selvíria (MS), em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, durante os anos agrícolas de 1998/99 e de 1999/00. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com 19 tratamentos e quatro repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial incompleto 6 x 3 + 1 (testemunha: 0 kg ha-1), constituídos por seis combinações de épocas de aplicação de N (todo na semeadura, todo no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas, todo no estádio de 8 a 10 folhas, ½ semeadura + ½ no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas, ½ semeadura + ½ no estádio de 8 a 10 folhas e ½ no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas e ½ no estádio de 8 a 10 folhas) com 4 doses de N-uréia (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1). Foram avaliados os teores de N-NH4+, N-NO3-, N mineral e N total, nas profundidades de 0,0 a 0,10; 0,10 a 0,20 e 0,20 a 0,40 m, na época do florescimento do milho. Foram avaliados: a altura da planta e da espiga, o teor de N na folha, na época do florescimento, o teor de N no grão, o número de fileiras de grãos por espiga e de grãos por fileira, o peso de 1.000 grãos e a produtividade. O teor de NH4+ foi superior ao de NO3-, nas mesmas profundidades, em ambos os cultivos. A máxima eficiência técnica para a produtividade de milho foi alcançada com a dose de 166 kg ha-1 de N, e a máxima eficiência econômica, considerando a relação preço do N/preço do produto de 8,25/1, foi alcançada com a dose de 126 kg ha-1 de N, aplicada metade na semeadura e metade no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas.

INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton observations towards the unidentified MeV source GRO J1411-64.

The COMPTEL unidentified source GRO J1411-64 was observed by INTEGRAL, and its central part, also by XMM-Newton. The data analysis shows no hint for new detections at hard X-rays. The upper limits in flux herein presented constrain the energy spectrum of whatever was producing GRO J1411-64, imposing, in the framework of earlier COMPTEL observations, the existence of a peak in power output located somewhere between 300-700 keV for the so-called low state. The Circinus Galaxy is the only source detected within the 4$\sigma$ location error of GRO J1411-64, but can be safely excluded as the possible counterpart: the extrapolation of the energy spectrum is well below the one for GRO J1411-64 at MeV energies. 22 significant sources (likelihood $> 10$) were extracted and analyzed from XMM-Newton data. Only one of these sources, XMMU J141255.6-635932, is spectrally compatible with GRO J1411-64 although the fact the soft X-ray observations do not cover the full extent of the COMPTEL source position uncertainty make an association hard to quantify and thus risky. The unique peak of the power output at high energies (hard X-rays and gamma-rays) resembles that found in the SED seen in blazars or microquasars. However, an analysis using a microquasar model consisting on a magnetized conical jet filled with relativistic electrons which radiate through synchrotron and inverse Compton scattering with star, disk, corona and synchrotron photons shows that it is hard to comply with all observational constrains. This and the non-detection at hard X-rays introduce an a-posteriori question mark upon the physical reality of this source, which is discussed in some detail.

Cáncer de laringe en pacientes menores de 40 años comparado con mayores de 40 años: análisis de pares [Laryngeal cancer in patients younger vs older than 40 years old: a matched-paired analysis].

BACKGROUND: To compare clinical and demographic data between laryngeal cancer patients younger and older than 40 years old. METHODS: Is a matched-paired study, realized from 1989 to 2002. We selected 500 laryngeal cancer patients treated in the National Cancer Institute of Mexico. Fifteen cases of patients younger than 40 years that accomplished inclusion criteria were identified, pair-matched and compared by clinical stage with 33 patients older than 40 years. We analyzed demographic factors and disease-free and Overall Survival by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: We included 9 male and 6 female patients with a mean age of 34 years in contrast to a mean age of 62 years in the comparison group. Four cases in clinical stage I, none clinical stage II, 6 in stage III and 5 in stage IV were included in the younger group and compared to 8 patients in stage I, 15 in stage III and 10 in stage IV in the older group. No differences in demographic variables or lifestyle habits were found. All patients in stage I, are alive in both groups. Disease-free survival not show any differences when comparing stages III and IV (p=NS). Mean disease-free survival was 66 months and mean overall survival was 83 months in the younger group. CONCLUSION: Laryngeal carcinoma is rare in patients younger than 40 years. No gender, clinical or prognostic differences could be identified among the two groups. The prognosis of these patients seems to be only determined by the initial clinical stage.

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , Porte de la chapelle de Phalaris à Agrigente, sur une Echelle de 0,40 P.M. : [profil de la corniche surmontant le linteau, élévation de la porte] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 181

University of Iowa School of Library and Information Science newsletter. 1998-1999, no. 40.

Newsletter from the University of Iowa School of Library and Information Science.