Scyphozoan jellyfish provide short-term reproductive habitat for hyperiid amphipods in a temperate near-shore environment

Hyperiid amphipods (Order Amphipoda, Suborder Hyperiidea) are known to infest gelatinous zooplankton. However, the temporal backdrop to these associations is less clear, given that data are often gathered during discrete sampling events rather than over time. In general, hyperiids are considered to be pelagic: however, for individuals associated with metagenic jellyfishes in temperate shallow shelf seas, this may not always be the case, as the majority of their gelatinous hosts are present in the water column from spring to the onset of autumn. Here, we explored the temporal patterns of colonisation and overall duration of the association between Hyperia galba and 3 scyphozoan jellyfish species (Aurelia aurita, Cyanea capillata and C. lamarckii) in a temperate coastal system (Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland) during 2010 and 2012. Concomitantly, we used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios to examine whether hyperiid infestation represented a permanent association with their host or was part of a more complex life history. We found that jellyfish were colonised by H. galba ca. 2 mo after they are first observed in the lough and that H. galba reached 100% prevalence in the different jellyfish species shortly before the medusae of each species disappeared from the water column. It is possible that some jellyfish overwintered in deeper water, prolonging the association between H. galba and their hosts. However, all the medusae sampled during the spring and early summer (whether they were newly emerged or had overwintered from the previous season) were not infected with hyperiids, suggesting that such behaviour was uncommon or that individuals had become dissociated from their host during the winter. Further evidence of temporary association came from stable isotope data, where δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios were indicative of feeding outside of their host prior to jellyfish colonisation. In combination, these findings suggest alternating habitat associations for H. galba, with the amphipods spending the majority of the year outside of the 3 scyphozoan species considered here.

Risk factor control is key in diabetic nephropathy

Prolonged duration of diabetes, poor glycaemic control and hypertension are major risk factors for both diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Optimising blood sugar control together with excellent control of blood pressure can reduce the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy should be considered in any patient with diabetes when persistent albuminuria develops. Microalbuminuria is the earliest clinically detectable indicator of diabetic nephropathy risk. The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy are appropriately diagnosed based on elevated urinary albumin excretion and/or reduced 0032-6518 renal function. Patients with type 2 diabetes should have annual urinary ACR measurements from the time of diabetes diagnosis while those with type 1 diabetes should commence five years after diagnosis. Blood pressure lowering to 130/80mmHg and reduction of proteinuria to <1 g/day retards progression of diabetic nephropathy and reduces the number of cardiovascular events. Drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are effective in reducing proteinuria, managing hypertension and reducing cardiovascular risk. Unless there are clear contraindications or intolerance all patients with diabetic nephropathy should be prescribed an ACEI or ARB. Stopping an ACEI or ARB during intercurrent illness or times of volume depletion is critically important. Patients with diabetic nephropathy should have at least yearly measurements of blood pressure, renal function and urinary ACR.

Consensus and Confusion in Molluscan Trees: Evaluating Morphological and Molecular Phylogenies

Mollusks are the most morphologically disparate living animal phylum, they have diversified into all habitats, and have a deep fossil record. Monophyly and identity of their eight living classes is undisputed, but relationships between these groups and patterns of their early radiation have remained elusive. Arguments about traditional morphological phylogeny focus on a small number of topological concepts but often without regard to proximity of the individual classes. In contrast, molecular studies have proposed a number of radically different, inherently contradictory, and controversial sister relationships. Here, we assembled a dataset of 42 unique published trees describing molluscan interrelationships. We used these data to ask several questions about the state of resolution of molluscan phylogeny compared to a null model of the variation possible in random trees constructed from a monophyletic assemblage of eight terminals. Although 27 different unique trees have been proposed from morphological inference, the majority of these are not statistically different from each other. Within the available molecular topologies, only four studies to date have included the deep-sea class Monoplacophora; but 36.4% of all trees are not significantly different. We also present supertrees derived from 2 data partitions and 3 methods, including all available molecular molluscan phylogenies, which will form the basis for future hypothesis testing. The supertrees presented here were not constructed to provide yet another hypothesis of molluscan relationships, but rather to algorithmically evaluate the relationships present in the disparate published topologies. Based on the totality of available evidence, certain patterns of relatedness among constituent taxa become clear. The internodal distance is consistently short between a few taxon pairs, particularly supporting the relatedness of Monoplacophora and the chitons, Polyplacophora. Other taxon pairs are rarely or never found in close proximity, such as the vermiform Caudofoveata and Bivalvia. Our results have specific utility for guiding constructive research planning in order to better test relationships in Mollusca as well as other problematic groups. Taxa with consistently proximate relationships should be the focus of a combined approach in a concerted assessment of potential genetic and anatomical homology, while unequivocally distant taxa will make the most constructive choices for exemplar selection in higher-level phylogenomic analyses.

The molecular basis of galactosemia - Past, present and future

Galactosemia, an inborn error of galactose metabolism, was first described in the 1900s by von Ruess. The subsequent 100years has seen considerable progress in understanding the underlying genetics and biochemistry of this condition. Initial studies concentrated on increasing the understanding of the clinical manifestations of the disease. However, Leloir's discovery of the pathway of galactose catabolism in the 1940s and 1950s enabled other scientists, notably Kalckar, to link the disease to a specific enzymatic step in the pathway. Kalckar's work established that defects in galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) were responsible for the majority of cases of galactosemia. However, over the next three decades it became clear that there were two other forms of galactosemia: type II resulting from deficiencies in galactokinase (GALK1) and type III where the affected enzyme is UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE). From the 1970s, molecular biology approaches were applied to galactosemia. The chromosomal locations and DNA sequences of the three genes were determined. These studies enabled modern biochemical studies. Structures of the proteins have been determined and biochemical studies have shown that enzymatic impairment often results from misfolding and consequent protein instability. Cellular and model organism studies have demonstrated that reduced GALT or GALE activity results in increased oxidative stress. Thus, after a century of progress, it is possible to conceive of improved therapies including drugs to manipulate the pathway to reduce potentially toxic intermediates, antioxidants to reduce the oxidative stress of cells or use of "pharmacological chaperones" to stabilise the affected proteins.

Caregiving reduces mortality risk for most caregivers: a census-based record linkage study

Importance Countries with advanced welfare systems are increasingly relying on the input of informal caregivers and there are growing concerns for their mental and physical wellbeing. However, the evidence about the relationship between caregiving and mortality risk is less clear.

Methods A census-based record linkage study with mortality follow-up of thirty-three months. A total of 1,122,779 individuals including 183,842 caregivers, of whom 28.2% (51,927) were providing fifty or more hours caregiving per week.

Results Over thirty-three months of follow-up a total of 29,335 deaths occurred, with 2,443 of these to caregivers. Mortality risk for caregivers was lower than for non-caregivers (HR= 0.72: 95%CI=0.69, 0.75 in the fully adjusted model), and the lower risk was evident even for those providing fifty or more hours of caregiving per week (adjusted Hazard Ratio=0.77: 95%CI=0.71, 0.83 and 0.76: 95%CI=0.69, 0.83 for men and women respectively). There was no evidence that this relationship varied by either age or marital status. Even amongst people with chronic health problems such as poor mental health, caregivers had lower mortality risk than non-caregivers. Caregiving is associated with reduced mortality risk for most causes - for example, the risk of death from Ischaemic Heart Disease for caregivers providing fifty or more hours was 27% and 31% lower for men and for women respectively compared to non-caregivers (HR=0.73: 95%CI=0.60, 0.88 and HR=0.69: 95%CI=0.51, 0.92).

Conclusions This large population-based study confirms that for the majority of caregivers the beneficial effects of caregiving in terms of short-term mortality risk appear to outweigh any negative effects, even amongst people with significant health problems. These results underscore the need for a reappraisal of how caregiving is perceived.


Keywords: caregiving, carers, mortality, longitudinal follow-up.
marital status. Even amongst people with chronic health problems such as poor mental health, caregivers had lower mortality risk than non-caregivers. Caregiving is associated with reduced mortality risk for most causes - for example, the risk of death from Ischaemic Heart Disease for caregivers providing fifty or more hours was 27% and 31% lower for men and for women respectively compared to non-caregivers (HR=0.73: 95%CI=0.60, 0.88 and HR=0.69: 95%CI=0.51, 0.92).

Conclusions This large population-based study confirms that for the majority of caregivers the beneficial effects of caregiving in terms of short-term mortality risk appear to outweigh any negative effects, even amongst people with significant health problems. These results underscore the need for a reappraisal of how caregiving is perceived.

After the Liverpool Care Pathway clear guidance and support on end-of-life care is needed

Commentary on: Ramasamy Venkatasalu M, Whiting D, Cairnduff K. Life after the Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP): a qualitative study of critical care practitioners delivering end-of-life care. J Adv Nurs 2015;71:2108–18.

Engineered alpha-defensin peptides display antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens

Introduction: Human alpha defensins are a family of neutrophil-derived antimicrobial peptides also known as human neutrophil peptides (HNPs). The defensin family of peptides are characterised by six invariant cysteine residues forming three disulphide bridges. The formation of the correct disulphide pairs complicates the synthesis of full length human alpha defensin and limits its therapeutic potential as an antimicrobial peptide. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether truncated alpha defensins displayed antimicrobial activity against a range of micro-organisms including oral pathogens. Methods: Engineered peptides were synthesised by solid-phase methods using standard Fmoc chemistry. Antibacterial assays were performed using a previously described ultra sensitive radial diffusion method. A total of five engineered defensin peptides and full length alpha defensin were tested for their sensitivity against eight micro-organisms, including Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria and fungal pathogens Results: Antimicrobial activity was identified as clear zones around peptide-containing wells. Zone diameters were used to calculate minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for each peptide. There was considerable variability in the susceptibility of the micro-organisms to the truncated analogues. Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis were sensitive to the majority of the engineered peptides whereas Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans displayed resistance (defined as an MIC of greater than 250 ug/ml) to the truncated defensins. Of the five engineered peptides synthesised, the 2-aminobenzoic acid (Abz)-containing analogues based on the C-terminal sequence of alpha defensin displayed MIC values closest to that of the full length defensin in 5 out of 8 micro-organisms studied. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that truncated alpha defensins display variable antimicrobial activity against a range of micro-organisms, including oral pathogens. The generation of truncated defensins without disulphide bridges simplifies their synthesis and increases their therapeutic potential.

Cataract surgery and subtype in a defined, older population: the SEECAT Project

AIM:

To describe the distribution of cataract subtypes present before surgery among a defined population of older, bilaterally pseudophakic individuals.

METHODS:

This was a cohort study of bilaterally pseudophakic individuals participating in the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE), and their locally resident siblings. Subjects underwent slit lamp and retroillumination photography and grading using the Wilmer Cataract Grading System. For all individuals determined to be bilaterally pseudophakic, an attempt was made to determine for each eye the type(s) of cataract present before surgery, based on previous SEE photographs (for SEE participants) and/or medical records obtained from the operating ophthalmologist (for both SEE participants and their siblings).

RESULTS:

The mean age of 223 participants providing data in this study was 78.7 (SD 5.2) years, 19.3% of subjects were black and 60.1% female. The most common surgically removed cataract subtype in this population was pure nuclear (43.5%), followed by nuclear combined with posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) (20.6%), and nuclear combined with cortical (13.9%); less common types were pure cortical (4.9%), pure PSC (4.5%), and PSC combined with cortical (2.7%). Factors such as sex and source of lens data (study photograph versus clinical record) did not significantly affect the distribution of lens opacity types, while PSC was significantly (p = 0.01) more common among younger people and nuclear cataract was significantly (p = 0.001) more common among white compared to black people.

CONCLUSION:

Epidemiological studies have suggested that the different subtypes of cataract are associated with different risk factors. As studies begin to identify new prevention strategies for cataract, it would appear likely that different strategies will be efficacious against different types of cataract. In this setting, it will be helpful to know which cataract types are most frequently associated with surgery. Among this older, majority white population, nuclear cataract showed a clear predominance among individuals having undergone surgery in both eyes. This may be contrasted with both clinic and population based studies of younger people, which have generally found PSC cataract to predominate.

Vertebrate diversity in the Bussaco Mountain and surrounding areas

A biodiversidade é fundamental para o funcionamento dos ecossistemas e, além do seu valor intrínseco, fornece bens e serviços essenciais ao Homem. É consensual que as reservas naturais, por si só, não conseguirão preservar a biodiversidade de modo a que seja travada a perda de espécies que vem acontecendo a ritmos sem precedente. Assim, compreender os padrões de distribuição das espécies à escala regional ou sub-regional, ainda que em territórios não classificados, é crucial para o estabelecimento de políticas de gestão que visem a conservação da biodiversidade. O principal objectivo deste trabalho centrou-se na descrição e compreensão dos padrões de riqueza específica, distribuição e abundância de Vertebrados face aos diversos habitats que constituem a área de estudo. Constituíram, assim, objecto de estudo os anfíbios, aves, morcegos, micromamíferos e mamíferos de médio porte. A Serra do Bussaco e áreas envolventes encontram-se dominadas por vastas extensões de monocultura de Pinus pinaster e Eucalyptus globulus e por terrenos agrícolas. A Mata Nacional do Bussaco, bosque extremamente diverso, é outro importante elemento de paisagem. Pretendeu-se então analisar o efeito das práticas silvícolas actuais e da intensificação da agricultura sobre a biodiversidade, averiguando a importância de cada tipo de habitat para os Vertebrados em geral, e para algumas classes em particular. De entre os terrenos agrícolas, é bastante claro que a agricultura tradicional, com a sua típica complexidade e disponibilidade de água, constitui um habitat muito importante para a maioria dos Vertebrados, tendo também apresentado o maior valor conservacionista. No que respeita aos habitats florestais, o bosque misto apresentou consistentemente maior riqueza específica e diversidade, afirmando-se como o habitat preferido para a maioria das espécies e aquele com maior valor conservacionista. Do ponto de vista da conservação, as monoculturas, especialmente as da uma espécie exótica, revelaram-se habitats relativamente pobres. No entanto, estas conclusões referem-se às tendências gerais, sendo que taxa particulares respondem de forma diferente, atendendo aos seus requisitos específicos. A informação recolhida fornece bases essenciais para a construção de linhas de orientação que visem a integração das actividades humanas com a manutenção da biodiversidade e respectivos serviços, presumivelmente com aplicação a outras áreas geográficas.

Stress no estágio pedagógico: estudo comparativo entre Portugal e Brasil

A formação inicial de professores possui caraterísticas muito próprias e a complexidade envolta sobre o período de estágio na prática pedagógica, requer um olhar aprofundado sobre as questões subjacentes ao stress tanto no estagiário, como no supervisor e orientador. A presente investigação inter e multicultural, pretende conhecer junto a estes três atores as principais fontes indutoras de stress e seus sintomas no decorrer do período de estágio pedagógico, as estratégias de coping e a satisfação com o suporte social. Desenvolvemos três estudos de cariz comparativo entre Portugal e Brasil, em oito Instituições de Ensino Superior (4 de Portugal e 4 do Brasil) numa amostra total de 1.194 indivíduos. O primeiro de índole qualitativa envolveu 24 professores supervisores e orientadores de estágio, os quais identificaram as principais causas de stress que permitiram a construção do questionário “Avaliação do stress do professor/orientador de Estágio Pedagógico” (ASPOEP). Contamos no segundo estudo com uma amostra de 204 docentes (122 orientadores e 82 supervisores) no exercício da supervisão pedagógica e no terceiro estudo com 966 estagiários (476 Portugal e 490 Brasil). Nestes dois últimos estudos, para a identificação dos fatores de stress, os supervisores responderam ao questionário ASPOEP e os estagiários ao questionário ASAE (Avaliação do stress do aluno estagiário). Foram ainda utilizados os questionários de “Avaliação dos sintomas de stress”, o de “Estratégias de coping” e para a análise do suporte social fizemos uso da “Escala de satisfação com o suporte social”. Na análise dos dados foi utilizado o SPSS, tendo sido realizadas as estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Os resultados globais evidenciam o estágio pedagógico como uma fonte indutora de stress. Nos supervisores de estágio, a sobrecarga de trabalho, as relações interpessoais, o desempenho do estagiário e sobretudo a estrutura e acompanhamento do estágio, marcaram os fatores de maior stress, que foi mais evidente no gênero feminino e na população brasileira. Entre estagiários, a insegurança e a indisciplina são os fatores de maior stress, sobretudo no gênero feminino de Portugal. O stress apesar de moderado para a maioria da amostra, evidencia índices de stress elevado em 10,7% dos docentes e 19,1% dos estagiários portugueses e 23,8% dos docentes e 12,7% dos estagiários brasileiros. Os sintomas cognitivos são os mais evidentes nestas duas populações estudadas, porém nos casados e com filhos existe evidência significativa de sintoma comportamental. A estratégia de coping centrada no indivíduo foi mais prevalente, porém evidencia-se que os brasileiros e também os pais com filhos apresentam significativo coping centrado no outro. O suporte social da amizade e da intimidade foram os que demonstraram maior satisfação, sendo assim eficaz na manutenção de um stress moderado. Os portugueses apresentam maior satisfação com o suporte social que os brasileiros. Ficou evidente que a satisfação e as estratégias de coping contribuem de forma positiva na diminuição dos sintomas de stress, bem como a satisfação com estágio diminui os níveis de stress. Sugere-se que na formação de professores sejam integrados programas de formação sobre gestão e controlo do stress para supervisor, orientador e estagiário, bem como devem ser propostas mudanças a nível curricular, ligado à estrutura e acompanhamento do estágio, para que este possa ser um período de desenvolvimento de competências profissionais, alicerçadas no bem-estar para todos os intervenientes.

Níveis de actividade e participação das pessoas com afasia: desenvolvimento de instrumentos de avaliação portugueses

A International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (WHO 2001) realça a necessidade dos profissionais de saúde considerarem, na intervenção que realizam com a pessoa, as possíveis consequências de uma doença em diferentes domínios, nomeadamente nas suas Funções e Estruturas do Corpo, nas suas Actividades diárias e na sua Participação em situações da vida real. Realça ainda a possível interferência dos Factores Contextuais neste processo. Em Portugal, os instrumentos existentes utilizados pelos terapeutas da fala (TFs) na sua prática clínica com pessoas com afasia (PCAs), não permitem avaliar estes domínios, o que poderá limitar uma intervenção mais alargada, que integre estas directivas. Pretendeu-se com este estudo efectuar a tradução e adaptação à língua portuguesa do Communication Disability Profile (CDP) (Swinburn and Byng 2006) e do Participation Objective Participation Subjective (POPS) (Brown, Dijkers et al. 2004), ambos desenvolvidos à luz da ICF, de modo a apetrechar os TFs do país, com instrumentos de avaliação que lhes permitam abordar os diferentes domínios referidos. Pretendeu-se ainda conhecer as reais necessidades de PCAs portuguesas, ou seja, efectuar um levantamento das consequências dos AVCs e da afasia na sua vida diária e verificar de que modo os instrumentos escolhidos permitem identificar com precisão estas necessidades. Foram envolvidos três grupos distintos de participantes, nomeadamente catorze PCAs, catorze familiares e amigos (F/A) e dez TFs, consultados em três fases distintas. Recorreu-se ao uso de diferentes métodos e instrumentos de recolha de dados, nomeadamente o brainstorming e o uso de entrevistas aprofundadas semiestruturadas, realizadas individualmente e em grupo. Construíram-se dois instrumentos de raiz (o TAPP e a GABF) que permitiram complementar os dados recolhidos junto das PCAs. A análise dos dados foi predominantemente qualitativa (Análise Temática). Da análise dos resultados obtidos nestas três fases, resultaram as primeiras versões portuguesas do CDP e do POPS. No que diz respeito às consequências dos AVCs e da afasia na vida diária das PCAs na componente das Funções e Estruturas do Corpo, os três grupos consideraram a categoria das Funções Mentais Especificas como sendo a mais perturbada. Relativamente à componente das Actividades/Participação, as consequências relatadas centram-se nas categorias das Interacções e Relacionamentos Pessoais, Vida Comunitária Social e Cívica e Áreas Principais da Vida. Quanto às Barreiras e Facilitadores, os TFs valorizam as Barreiras de Informação e as Barreiras Estruturais como as que mais interferem com a Participação social das PCAs, enquanto estas e os F/A valorizam os Factores Pessoais, as Barreiras Ambientais e as Barreiras Atitudinais. Os TFs realçam a importância de existirem “redes de suporte familiar” como Facilitadores. As PCAs e os F/A valorizam os Facilitadores Ambientais e os Facilitadores Atitudinais. No que diz respeito aos instrumentos em estudo, a maioria dos TFs assim como o grupo dos F/A considerou a apresentação visual do POPS e mais especificamente as escalas de notação usadas como sendo muito complexas, enquanto as PCAs envolvidas no estudo não fizeram qualquer referência ou crítica às mesmas. A maioria dos TFs considerou os itens do POPS como sendo relevantes para a população portuguesa com afasia. Contudo, metade destes mostrou preocupação com a ambiguidade de alguns dos seus itens e cerca de um terço considerou as instruções difíceis de compreender. As PCAs, assim como os F/A consideraram os itens do POPS, na sua generalidade, como sendo claros, relevantes e não ambíguos. A maioria dos TFs e dos F/A referem falta de clareza de algumas das imagens utilizadas no CDP. Contudo, o grupo das PCAs considera que estas são claras e facilitam a compreensão dos itens. Nenhum dos três grupos consultados fez referência ao tipo e tamanho de letra usada no CDP pelo que se considera ser adequada. A maior parte dos TFs não faz qualquer referência à falta de clareza dos itens do CDP, contudo metade considera alguns dos seus itens ambíguos e um terço questiona também a sua relevância. Os itens do CDP são considerados claros, relevantes e não ambíguos quer pelo grupo das PCAs quer pelo grupo dos F/A. Conclui-se que ambos os instrumentos vão, de uma forma geral, ao encontro das necessidades apresentadas pelas PCAs envolvidas no nosso estudo. Poderá afirmar-se também que estes mostraram ser ferramentas terapêuticas importantes para utilizar em Portugal. Contudo, ambos deixam a descoberto algumas áreas consideradas importantes pelos grupos envolvidos e pela literatura internacional, sugerindo-se a sua utilização simultânea de modo a poderem complementar-se, assim como o recurso a outras formas de avaliação disponíveis, no sentido de colmatar possíveis lacunas encontradas após a sua utilização. Sugere-se o desenvolvimento de investigações futuras que permitam o seu aperfeiçoamento.

Antioxidant activities of eight Algerian plant extracts and two essential oils

Total phenol, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavone/flavonol and flavanones/dihydroflavonol contents of hydro-alcoholic extracts, obtained by sonication, from the aerial parts of Artemisia campestris L., Anthemis arvensis L., Haloxylon scoparium Pomel, Juniperus phoenicea L., Arbutus unedo L., Cytisus monspessulanus L., Thymus algeriensis Boiss et Reut, Zizyphus lotus L (Desf.) collected in Djebel Amour (Sahara Atlas, Algeria) were quantified by spectrophotometric methods. The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Artemisia campestris L. and Juniperus phoenicea I aerial parts were also evaluated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity of the extracts and essential oils was assessed measuring the capacity for preventing lipid peroxidation using two lipidic substrates (egg yolk and liposomes), the capacity for scavenging DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxyl radicals. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring the capacity for inhibiting lipoxygenase. Reducing power and chelating capacity were also assayed. The results showed different amounts of total phenols depending on the method used: A. campestris extract had the highest levels of total phenols when the measurement was made at lambda = 280 nm, whereas H. scoparium and A. unedo extracts showed the highest levels of total phenols with Folin-Ciocalteau. C. monspessulanus had the highest levels of flavones/flavonols and flavanones/dihydroflavonols. The essential oils of A. campestris and J. phoenicea were mainly constituted by alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and sabinene; and a-pinene, respectively. The methods used for assaying the capacity for preventing lipid peroxidation revealed to be inadequate for extracts due to the great interferences detected. The essential oils were more active than the generality of extracts for scavenging peroxyl radicals and for inhibiting lipoxygenase, whereas A. unedo extract was the most active for scavenging ABTS, DPPH, superoxide anion radicals and it also had the best reducing capacity. In a general way, the great majority of the antioxidant activities correlated well with the phenol content although such correlation was not so clear with the flavonoid content. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The role of reciprocal regulation between TAL1 and miRNA expression in T-cell leukemia progression

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2015

A comunicação matemática escrita no 10º ano de escolaridade em contexto de trabalho de grupo

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Matemática, Universidade de Lisboa, 2015