Business Process Management and Process Mining within a Real Business Environment: An Empirical Analysis of Event Logs Data in a Consulting Project

Il presente elaborato esplora l’attitudine delle organizzazioni nei confronti dei processi di business che le sostengono: dalla semi-assenza di struttura, all’organizzazione funzionale, fino all’avvento del Business Process Reengineering e del Business Process Management, nato come superamento dei limiti e delle problematiche del modello precedente. All’interno del ciclo di vita del BPM, trova spazio la metodologia del process mining, che permette un livello di analisi dei processi a partire dagli event data log, ossia dai dati di registrazione degli eventi, che fanno riferimento a tutte quelle attività supportate da un sistema informativo aziendale. Il process mining può essere visto come naturale ponte che collega le discipline del management basate sui processi (ma non data-driven) e i nuovi sviluppi della business intelligence, capaci di gestire e manipolare l’enorme mole di dati a disposizione delle aziende (ma che non sono process-driven). Nella tesi, i requisiti e le tecnologie che abilitano l’utilizzo della disciplina sono descritti, cosi come le tre tecniche che questa abilita: process discovery, conformance checking e process enhancement. Il process mining è stato utilizzato come strumento principale in un progetto di consulenza da HSPI S.p.A. per conto di un importante cliente italiano, fornitore di piattaforme e di soluzioni IT. Il progetto a cui ho preso parte, descritto all’interno dell’elaborato, ha come scopo quello di sostenere l’organizzazione nel suo piano di improvement delle prestazioni interne e ha permesso di verificare l’applicabilità e i limiti delle tecniche di process mining. Infine, nell’appendice finale, è presente un paper da me realizzato, che raccoglie tutte le applicazioni della disciplina in un contesto di business reale, traendo dati e informazioni da working papers, casi aziendali e da canali diretti. Per la sua validità e completezza, questo documento è stata pubblicato nel sito dell'IEEE Task Force on Process Mining.

Modelação de processos num serviço de uma organização de ensino superior

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Toimintojen kuormitusten mallintaminen ja toimintolaskennan käyttöönottomahdollisuudet kokoonpanokonepajassa

Työn tavoitteena oli kehittää yrityksen liiketoimintaprosessikuvausta, mallintaa eräiden siinä esitettyjen toimintoryhmien ja yksittäisten toimintojen kuormitukset sekä tutkia toimintolaskennan käyttöönottomahdollisuuksia yrityksessä. Työssä on tuotu esille kapasiteettiin ja resursseihin liittyviä käsitteitä, kuten kapasiteettipäätösten ajoitus, resurssitarvesuunnittelu ja resurssien kohdistaminen. Työssä on myös tarkasteltu perinteisen kustannuslaskennan ja toimintolaskennan välisiä eroja. Aiempaa tutkimustietoa on käytetty asetettujen tavoitteiden saavuttamiseen. Liiketoimintaprosessikuvausta on muokattu vastaamaan paremmin yrityksen nykyistä rakennetta. Toimintojen kuormitukset on mallinnettu liiketoimintaprosessikuvauksesta ja kyselyistä saadun tiedon perusteella. Toimintolaskennan käyttöönottomahdollisuuksien arviointiperusteena on käytetty toimintolaskennan laskennallista toteutettavuutta yrityksessä. Työn ensimmäinen tulos on yksinkertaisempi ja monikäyttöisempi liiketoimintaprosessikuvaus, jota voidaan käyttää henkilöstöhallinnossa ja yrityksen toiminnan kehittämiseen. Toinen tulos on kuormitusmalli, jota voidaan käyttää muun muassa tulevaisuuden kapasiteettitarpeen arvioimiseen. Työnkolmas tulos on analyysi toimintolaskennan käyttöönottomahdollisuuksista ja työnumeroperusteisen kustannusten kohdistamisen periaatteet.

Tietojärjestelmien tukipalveluprosessien kehittäminen - case Helsoft

Tässä diplomityössä on käsitelty tietojärjestelmien tukipalveluun liittyviä prosesseja ja toimintoja. Tukipalvelutoiminnot ovat tietojärjestelmäteollisuuden merkittävä osa-alue ja siihen nähden aiheen tutkimus on ollut hyvin vähäistä. Viimeaikoina aihe on herättänyt kiinnostusta varsinkin asiakaskohtaisia ohjelmistoja toimittavien ohjelmistoyritysten keskuudessa. Diplomityön tarkoituksena oli suunnitella ja kehittää Helsoft Oy:n asiakaskohtaisten ohjelmistojen tukipalvelutoimintoja. Tämän työn näkökulmasta tukipalveluun kuuluu tietojärjestelmän toimituksen jälkeinen asiakkaiden neuvontapalvelu sekä ohjelmiston muutos- ja ylläpitopalvelu. Tukipalvelun sisältö vaihtelee usein asiakaskohtaisesti. Tämän vuoksi tukipalvelusta on syytä tehdä asianmukainen toimittajan ja asiakkaan välinen sopimus. Sopimuksen lisäksi tässä työssä on käsitelty myös muita tukipalvelun työkaluja kuten esimerkiksi tukipalveluohjetta, joka muodostetaan tukipalveluun ottamisvaiheessa. Työn teoriaosassa on käsitelty tietojärjestelmien tukipalvelun perusasioita sekä edellytyksiä tukipalveluprosessin onnistuneen kuvauksen muodostamiselle. Prosessin kuvauskieleksi on valittu UML. Työn soveltavan osuuden sisältö koostuu Helsoftin tukipalvelun nykytilanteen kartoituksesta, uuden yhtenäisemmän prosessimallin suunnittelusta (vaihe 1) sekä tukipalveluprosessin jatkokehityksen ja tehostamisen (vaihe 2) suunnittelusta. Uusi yhtenäinen prosessimalli on suhteellisen helposti käyttöönotettavissa ja standardinmukaisen kuvaustavan johdosta sitä voidaan kehittää jatkossa jatkuvan parantamisen periaatteella.

Mapeamento de ontologias empresariais para modelos de processos de negócio em BPMN, com aplicação em processos de software

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE

Methodology for developing and application outsourcing in the cloud using SOA

New technologies such as, the new Information and Communication Technology ICT, break new paths and redefines the way we understand business, the Cloud Computing is one of them. The on demand resource gathering and the per usage payment scheme are now commonplace, and allows companies to save on their ICT investments. Despite the importance of this issue, we still lack methodologies that help companies, to develop applications oriented for its exploitation in the Cloud. In this study we aim to fill this gap and propose a methodology for the development of ICT applications, which are directed towards a business model, and further outsourcing in the Cloud. In the former the Development of SOA applications, we take, as a baseline scenario, a business model from which to obtain a business process model. To this end, we use software engineering tools; and in the latter The Outsourcing we propose a guide that would facilitate uploading business models into the Cloud; to this end we describe a SOA governance model, which controls the SOA. Additionally we propose a Cloud government that integrates Service Level Agreements SLAs, plus SOA governance, and Cloud architecture. Finally we apply our methodology in an example illustrating our proposal. We believe that our proposal can be used as a guide/pattern for the development of business applications.

Gestão de processos de negócio: uma abordagem ao processo de acreditação dos cursos no Gabinete de Avaliação da Qualidade da Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior

Atualmente, as instituições do ensino superior, onde se inclui a Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, deparam-se com várias questões e desafios relacionados com a sua acreditação e a dos seus ciclos de estudo, e consequentemente, com a melhoria da qualidade do seu desempenho e o acesso a financiamento. Esta realidade exige novas abordagens e o aumento do nível de exigência a todos os intervenientes que contribuem para a qualidade do serviço prestado. No sentido de dar resposta a estes desafios, o Gabinete de Avaliação e Qualidade tem desenvolvido iniciativas e abordagens das quais o presente trabalho é um exemplo. Com este trabalho pretendeu-se, a partir de numa abordagem de Business Process Management, demonstrar a viabilidade e operacionalidade da utilização de uma ferramenta de Business Process Management System neste contexto. Para tal, realizou-se a modelação do processo de avaliação e acreditação desenvolvido pela Agência de Avaliação e Acreditação do Ensino Superior, através da utilização do Business Process Model and Notation. Esta proposta permitiu modelar os processos na instituição, demonstrando a utilização de uma abordagem Business Process Management numa organização desta natureza, com o objetivo de promover a sua melhoria.

Gestão de processos de negócio em organizações desportivas: um estudo de caso no Comitée Européen de Rink-Hockey

A Gestão de Processos de Negócio (BPM – Business Process Management) é uma abordagem que tem como objetivo melhorar a eficiência nas organizações, através da gestão dos processos, em que se realiza a sua modelação, organização e otimização de uma forma iterativa e contínua. O BPM permite suportar os processos de negócio, através da utilização de métodos, técnicas e software para projetar, representar e analisar processos organizacionais que envolvem, pessoas, organizações, aplicações, documentos e outras fontes de informação (Aalst, Hofstede, & Weske, 2003). Neste estudo é utilizado um Business Process Management System (BPMS) para realizar a modelação dos processos do Comité Européen de Rink-Hockey (CERH), para a inscrição de equipas e atletas, nos eventos realizados sob a responsabilidade deste comité. A modelação é realizada através da utilização do Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). A utilização do BPMS foi realizada considerando as seguintes etapas: (1) desenho do processo; (2) definição do processo; (3) desenvolvimento do processo e (4) administração e utilização de processos. Pretendeu-se, demonstrar a viabilidade e operacionalidade na utilização de uma ferramenta BPMS open-source, numa abordagem BPM, na modelação e implementação de processos, em detrimento de soluções proprietárias de custo elevado. O critério adotado para a seleção da ferramenta baseia-se na análise de relatórios sobre BPMS, que nos permitiu identificar e sustentar a solução adotada (Hill, Cantara, & Kerremans, 2009; Ovum, 2010; Richardson, Moore, Clair, & Vitti, 2010; Sinur & Hill, 2010). O resultado foi o desenvolvimento dos processos na organização, com a sua modelação em BPMN e implementação num BPMS, onde podemos comprovar a abordagem BPM numa organização desportiva.

l'importanza della modellazione dei processi applicata ad un caso aziendale

La pianificazione e la gestione dei processi è diventata un elemento critico a causa della crescente complessità delle attività all’interno delle organizzazioni. Nell’era dell’impresa digitale, la gestione dei processi di businesss viene coadiuvata mediante l’utilizzo di sistemi software che sono in grado di gestire una grande quantità di informazioni ovvero i sistemi BPM. Il Business Performance Management è una disciplina gestionale che si occupa di descrivere e gestire i processi di business di una organizzazione. L’obiettivo della seguente tesi è verificare se il modello del processo realizzato precedentemente all’implementazione del sistema reale possa permettere una più dettagliata analisi del sistema e anticipare relative problematiche che talvolta si evincono solamente durante il mero sviluppo. Inoltre si vuole verificare se il modello realizzato in fase di discussione di un nuovo progetto cliente possa poi migliorare anche lo scambio di informazioni nel team di sviluppo. A supporto di questa tesi è stato sviluppato un caso di studio reale in una società di gestione del risparmio specializzata in fondi di investimento immobiliare. Inizialmente si è proceduto con una prima fase di raccolta dei requisiti dell’applicativo che si è conclusa con la realizzazione dei modelli creati utilizzando due linguaggi che sono il Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) e il Decision Model and Notation (DMN); il medesimo applicativo è stato successivamente implementato seguendo i modelli realizzati. I tempi globali di sviluppo del sistema e la migliore comprensione del modello da parte del team di sviluppo hanno fatto evincere l’utilità della modellazione a fronte di maggiori giornate uomo. Inoltre è stata riscontata maggiore manutenibilità complessiva del sistema.

Quality of process modeling using BPMN: a model-driven approach

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Informática

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

Data flow and validation in workflow modelling

A complete workflow specification requires careful integration of many different process characteristics. Decisions must be made as to the definitions of individual activities, their scope, the order of execution that maintains the overall business process logic, the rules governing the discipline of work list scheduling to performers, identification of time constraints and more. The goal of this paper is to address an important issue in workflows modelling and specification, which is data flow, its modelling, specification and validation. Researchers have neglected this dimension of process analysis for some time, mainly focussing on structural considerations with limited verification checks. In this paper, we identify and justify the importance of data modelling in overall workflows specification and verification. We illustrate and define several potential data flow problems that, if not detected prior to workflow deployment may prevent the process from correct execution, execute process on inconsistent data or even lead to process suspension. A discussion on essential requirements of the workflow data model in order to support data validation is also given..