Expression and function of psoriasin (S100A7) and koebnerisin (S100A15) in the brain

The expression and function of psoriasin in the brain have been insufficiently characterized. Here, we show the induction of psoriasin expression in the central nervous system (CNS) after bacterial and viral stimulation. We used a pneumococcal meningitis in vivo model that revealed S100A15 expression in astrocytes and meningeal cells. These results were confirmed by a cell-based in vivo assay using primary rat glial and meningeal cell cultures. We investigated psoriasin expression in glial and meningeal cells using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA that mimics viral infection. Furthermore, previous results showed that antimicrobial peptides have not only bactericidal but also immunomodulatory functions. To test this statement, we used recombinant psoriasin as a stimulus. Glial and meningeal cells were treated with recombinant psoriasin at concentrations from 25 to 500 ng/ml. Treated microglia and meningeal cells showed phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)/ERK2 (ERK1/2) signal transduction pathway. We demonstrated that this activation of ERK depends on RAGE, the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Furthermore, microglia cells treated with recombinant psoriasin change their phenotype to an enlarged shape. In conclusion, our results indicate an occurrence of psoriasin in the brain. An involvement of psoriasin as an antimicrobial protein that modulates the innate immune system after bacterial or viral stimulation is possible.

Digital multitext editions from scratch to electronic performance. Transcription and collation routines transformed in a flexible database system

The poster demonstrates the preparatory steps of a digital multi-text edition that are abstracted from the experiences made in the Parzival Project, based at the University of Bern, the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and the University of Erlangen. This edition of Wolfram von Eschenbach’s German Grail novel, written shortly after 1200 and transmitted during several centuries in ca. hundred witnesses, has now been completed by more than a half of the textual corpus. As the text is transmitted in medieval manuscripts the witnesses have to be transcribed according to specific encoding rules. The transcriptions then are collated following certain ideas and concepts of how the transmission process could have developed. The transcriptions and collations finally have to be transferred to a digital edition that allows the users to explore the characteristics of single witnesses as well as the history of a text, which is delivered in variants and in different versions. A dynamically organized database offering various components and adapted to the needs of diverse user-profiles is nowadays the right tool for this purpose.

Digital multi-text editions from scratch to electronic performance. Transcription and collation routines transformed in a flexible database system

The poster demonstrates the preparatory steps of a digital multi-text edition that are abstracted from the experiences made in the Parzival Project, based at the University of Bern, the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and the University of Erlangen. This edition of Wolfram von Eschenbach’s German Grail novel, written shortly after 1200 and transmitted during several centuries in ca. hundred witnesses, has now been completed by more than a half of the textual corpus.

Adapting agricultural water governance to climate change: Experiences from Germany, Spain and California

This study describes and discusses initiatives taken by public (water) agencies in the state of Brandenburg in Germany, the state of California in the USA and the Ebro River Basin in Spain in response to the challenges which climate change poses for the agricultural water sector. The drivers and actors and the process of changing agricultural water governance are its particular focus. The assumptions discussed are: (i) the degree of planned and anticipatory top-down implementation processes decreases if actions are more decentralized and are introduced at the regional and local level; (ii) the degree of autonomous and responsive adaptation approaches seems to grow with actions at a lower administrative level. Looking at processes of institutional change, a variety of drivers and actors are at work such as changing perceptions of predicted climate impacts; international obligations which force politicians to take action; socio-economic concerns such as the cost of not taking action; the economic interests of the private sector. Drivers are manifold and often interact and, in many cases, reforms in the sector are driven by and associated with larger reform agendas. The results of the study may serve as a starting point in assisting water agencies in developing countries with the elaboration of coping strategies for tackling climate change-induced risks related to agricultural water management.

Volatiles produced by soil-borne endophytic bacteria increase plant pathogen resistance and affect tritrophic interactions

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by soil microorganisms influence plant growth and pathogen resistance. Yet, very little is known about their influence on herbivores and higher trophic levels. We studied the origin and role of a major bacterial VOC, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), on plant growth, pathogen and herbivore resistance, and the attraction of natural enemies in maize. One of the major contributors to 2,3-BD in the headspace of soil-grown maize seedlings was identified as Enterobacter aerogenes, an endophytic bacterium that colonizes the plants. The production of 2,3-BD by E. aerogenes rendered maize plants more resistant against the Northern corn leaf blight fungus Setosphaeria turcica. On the contrary, E. aerogenes-inoculated plants were less resistant against the caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis. The effect of 2,3-BD on the attraction of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris was more variable: 2,3-BD application to the headspace of the plants had no effect on the parasitoids, but application to the soil increased parasitoid attraction. Furthermore, inoculation of seeds with E. aerogenes decreased plant attractiveness, whereas inoculation of soil with a total extract of soil microbes increased parasitoid attraction, suggesting that the effect of 2,3-BD on the parasitoid is indirect and depends on the composition of the microbial community.

Ich, Du und ER. Franz Rosenzweigs Einfluss auf die Abfassung von Ich und Du

Bekannt ist die Tatsache, dass Martin Buber und Franz Rosenzweig gemeinsam die Hebräische Bibel übersetzt haben, jedenfalls bis zu Jesaja 53, als Rosenzweig verstarb. Weniger bekannt ist die Tatsache, dass Rosenzweig auch auf die Abfassung von Bubers Hauptwerk Ich und Du Einfluss ausgeübt hat.

The genetics of reproductive organ morphology in two Petunia species with contrasting pollination syndromes

Main conclusion Switches between pollination syndromes have happened frequently during angiosperm evolution. Using QTL mapping and reciprocal introgressions, we show that changes in reproductive organ morphology have a simple genetic basis. In animal-pollinated plants, flowers have evolved to optimize pollination efficiency by different pollinator guilds and hence reproductive success. The two Petunia species, P. axillaris and P. exserta, display pollination syndromes adapted to moth or hummingbird pollination. For the floral traits color and scent, genetic loci of large phenotypic effect have been well documented. However, such large-effect loci may be typical for shifts in simple biochemical traits, whereas the evolution of morphological traits may involve multiple mutations of small phenotypic effect. Here, we performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of floral morphology, followed by an in-depth study of pistil and stamen morphology and the introgression of individual QTL into reciprocal parental backgrounds. Two QTLs, on chromosomes II and V, are sufficient to explain the interspecific difference in pistil and stamen length. Since most of the difference in organ length is caused by differences in cell number, genes underlying these QTLs are likely to be involved in cell cycle regulation. Interestingly, conservation of the locus on chromosome II in a different P. axillaris subspecies suggests that the evolution of organ elongation was initiated on chromosome II in adaptation to different pollinators. We recently showed that QTLs for pistil and stamen length on chromosome II are tightly linked to QTLs for petal color and volatile emission. Linkage of multiple traits will enable major phenotypic change within a few generations in hybridizing populations. Thus, the genomic architecture of pollination syndromes in Petunia allows for rapid responses to changing pollinator availability.

An unsere Mitbürger! Die Krisis, in welche die Entwickelung unserer öffentlichen Zustände ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Rechenschaftslegung des Berliner Magistrats nach der königlichen Anordnung zur Verlegung der Nationalversammlung nach Brandenburg (9. November 1848): nachdem die Nationalversammlung bei der Ausarbeitung einer konstitutionellen Verfassung versagt hat, Friede und Ordnung nicht wieder zurückkehrten und sich eine 'anarchische Faction' über die Grundsätze der konstitutionellen Monarchie hinwegsetzte, ergab sich die Notwendigkeit, die Nationalversammlung dem Druck der Massen zu entziehen, um den Ausbruch eines Bürgerkrieges zu verhindern. Aufruf, sich um den 'constitutionellen Thron' zu scharen

Wähler Martin : Ländliche Familienscene

Boberach: Im Dialog mit seiner Frau wirbt ein Bauer dafür, dafür zu sorgen, daß nur gewählt wird, wer für das Volk und gegen die Beamtenherrschaft eintritt

Rede des Abgeordneten Landgerichts-Raths Köhler, gehalten im Volksverein zu Marienwerder den 6. Januar 1849: Meine Herrn! Obgleich Sie die Leistungen und Schicksale der preußischen National-Versammlung schon aus öffentlichen Blättern und Privatmittheilungen kennen ...

Boberach: Der Widerstand der Nationalversammlung gegen die Verlegung nach Brandenburg wird gerechtfertigt, die oktroyierte Verfassung ist grundsätzlich abzulehnen, auch wenn sie freisinnig zu sein scheint. - Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Verfasser der Broschüre ist der Landgerichtsrat Köhler, Abgeordneter der Preußischen Nationalversammlung für Marienwerder/Westpreußen; Lebensdaten waren nicht zu ermitteln

Aus Preußens National-Versammlung an das Volk

Boberach: Der Staatsstreich des Ministeriums Brandenburg wird aus der Sicht der Linken verurteilt und der Beschluß zur Steuerverweigerung begründet

Schlußrede des Berichterstatters der Verfassungs-Commission zweiter Kammer, Abg. Simson von Königsberg, über die Regierungs-Vorlage vom 7. Januar 1850

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Ausführliche Begründung der Ablehnung der geplanten Verfassungsrevision der Regierung Brandenburg-Manteuffel, die ihrerseits auf die königliche Botschaft vom 7. Januar 1850 zurückgeht: "... wenn die Verfassung ... keine Verfassung ist, d.h. wenn sie die Garantien einer friedlichen Entwicklung unserer Zukunft nicht in ihrem Schooße trägt, [wird] man durch ihre Annahme wohl formell, aber nicht materiell den Abschluß der Verfassungs-Krise ... herbeiführen können." (S. 8) Die - revidierte - oktroyierte Verfassung trat gleichwohl am 31. Januar 1850 in Kraft (erbliches Königtum, Zweikammersystem, zwar Garantie wichtiger Grundrechte wie Presse- und Versammlungsfreiheit sowie Gleichheit vor dem Gesetz, doch Dreiklassenwahlrecht)

Da von Seiten der Behörden dem Sekretariat der Zutritt zu den Büreaus der National-Versammlung und der Gebrauch der Akten nicht gestattet wird ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Aktualisiertes Verzeichnis derjenigen Abgeordneten (276), die der Anordnung zur Verlegung der Preußischen Nationalversammlung nach Brandenburg nicht Folge zu leisten gewillt sind

Der plötzliche und gewaltsame Eingriff, welchen sich gegenwärtig die Regierung in die Rechte der National-Versammlung anmaßt ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Veröffentlichung von Solidaritätsadressen an und durch die Preußische Nationalversammlung anläßlich der von Friedrich Wilhelm IV. angeordneten Verlegung des Parlaments nach Brandenburg

Die Preußische Revolution seit dem siebenten September und die Contrerevolution seit dem zehnten November : Tagebuch

Boberach: Auf eine Übersicht über die Ereignisse in Berlin seit dem Beschluß der Nationalversammlung gegen reaktionäre Bestrebungen in der Armee und über die Oktoberrevolution in Wien folgen ab 7. November zu jedem Tag mit Reden und Dokumenten belegte Angaben über den Konflikt mit dem Ministerium Brandenburg bis zum 1. Dezember