藏东及滇东南新生代钾质岩浆作用及其深部制约

The dissertation focuses on the petrology, geochemistry of the volcanic rocks in east Tibet and southeast Yunnan. It lucubrates the Magmatic process, forming mechanism and the possible tectonic settings of the volcanic rocks. The volcanic rocks of Nangqen basin in east Tibet, Qinghai province are mainly Cenozoic intermediate-acid shoshonites. The rocks are LREE enriched and the LREE/HREE = 3～34; (La/Yb)_N = 18.17-53.59, and ΣREE 222～1260μg/g. There are no Eu anomaly, and Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Ti are markedly depleted. The isotopic composition is ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr = 0.70497～0.70614, ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb = 18.622～18.974, ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb = 38.431～38.996, ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb = 15.511～15.613, respectively. K-Ar age of the whole rocks and the single mineral are between 32.0-36.5Ma. Based on the trace elements and isotopic elements, we get the conclusion that the partial melting is one of the dominated forming mechanisms for the volcanic rocks in Naneqen basin. The magma did not experience the crustal contamination en route to the surface; however, the complex mixture took place in the upper mantle before the melt was formed. There are at least two kinds of mixed sources that can be identified. The basalt in southeast Yunnan province is studied. They are distributed in Maguan, Tongguan, and Pingbian County, which is located on the both sides of the Red River belt, and the ultrabasic xenolith are cursory introduced. The volcanic rocks belongs to the alkali series, which can be subdivided into trachybasalt and basanite(Ol normal molecule >5). The volcanic rocks are characteristics by high Ti and low Mg#. According to the magma calculation model, the original rocks of the basalt in southeast Yunnan province are Spinel Lherzolite in Tongguan, Garnet Lherzolite in Pingbian and Maguan, while Togguan undergoes 2-5 percent and percent of partial melting, whereas volcanism in Maguan and Pingbian was so complex to calculate. The fractional crystallization took place during the magma evoltion in southeast Yunnan. The basalt is enriched in LREE with LREE/HREE=9.23-20.19. All of the trace elements display weak Nb, Ta peak, and the depletion of Zr, Hf and Ti in Maguan and pingbian represent the presence of Garnet in the source. The composition of the isotope ratio are ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr = 0.70333-0.70427, ~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd = 0.512769-0.512940, ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb = 18.104-18.424, ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb = 15.483 -15.527; ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb = 37.938-38.560, respectively, which shows the characteristics of the HIMU type OIB. The volcanic rocks of the southwest Yunnan are derived from the enriched, OIB type mantle sources by synthesizing all the data from trace and isotope elements. It is similar to that of the volcanic rocks in Hawaii, a typical kind of the mixtures of the recycled oceanic crust plume and depleted asthenosphere. To sum up, the volcanic rocks in southeast Yunnan are formed by the intraplate hotpot volcanism.

高温高压和不同氧逸度条件下斜方辉石电导率的实验研究

在1．0～4．0GPa和1073～1423K及不同的氧分压条件下，借助YJ-3000t紧装式六面顶高压设备和Sarltron-1260阻抗／增益-相位分析仪，就位测定了斜方辉石的电导率。氧逸度控制由Ni＋NiO、Fe＋Fe3O4、Fe＋FeO和Mo＋MoO2四种固态氧缓冲剂完成的。实验结果表明：①在所选择的频率范围内（10^-1～10^6Hz），复阻抗对频率有很强的依赖性;②随着温度（T）升高，电导率（σ）增大，logσ与1／T之间符合Arrenhius关系.

高温高压下辉石岩的电导率实验研究

使用YJ-3000t紧装式六面顶高压设备和1260阻抗／增益-相位分析仪，在1．0～4．0GPa和773～1134K下用阻抗谱法就位测定了辉石岩的电导率。实验结果表明，电导率对频率具有很强的依赖性；温度是决定辉石岩电导率的一个重要物理参数，电导率随着温度升高而增大，lgσ与I／T之间符合Arrenhius关系式；随着压力升高。电导率降低，活化焓和独立于温度的指前因子亦降低。

高温高压下叶蜡石脱水电导率实验

在压力为1．0-4．0GPa、温度为873-1223K下采用Sarltron-1260阻抗／增益一相位阻抗谱分析仪测定了叶蜡石的电导率。实验结果表明，电导率与温度间的关系符合Arrenhius关系式；叶蜡石的脱水引起电导率的突然变化，使电导率急剧上升；脱水前，电导率随着压力增大而减小，其导电机制为电子导电；脱水后，电导率随着压力增大而增大，其导电机制为离子导电.

高温高压下叶蜡石脱水电学性质的阻抗谱分析

在1．0、2．0GPa和873～1223K的温压条件下，借助于1260阻抗一增益相位分析仪测定了叶蜡石的电导率，并用阻抗谱原理分析了其微观导电机制。实验结果表明：样品的电导率对频率具有很强的依赖性；电阻率随着温度的升高而减小，电导率随着温度升高而增大，logσ与1／T之间符合Arrenhius线性关系；叶蜡石在1．0GPa和2．0GPa的压力下脱水温度分别为1074K和1101K。根据本次获得的电导率实验结果并结合前人对滑石族所做的工作，得出了与前人不同的结论：滑石族矿物脱水电导率曲线出现了转折点。

高温高压下二辉橄榄岩的阻抗谱实验研究

在1．0～4．0GPa压力、1073～1573K温度和10^-1～10^7Hz频率条件下，利用SARLTON-1260阻抗一增益／相位分析仪，就位测定了二辉橄榄岩的阻抗谱。实验结果表明：二辉橄榄岩的阻抗谱对频率具有很强的依赖性，并从阻抗谱的测试原理(颗粒内部、颗粒边缘、样品与电极间的导电机制)上做出了解释；温度是决定二辉橄榄岩电导率的一个重要物理参数，电导率随着温度的升高而增大，lgσ与1／T之间符合Arrenhius关系式；在高压实验中第一次将压力作为测量二辉橄榄岩电导率重要的约束因素，随着压力的增大，电阻率升高、电导率降低。

高温高压和不同氧逸度控制下单晶橄榄石电导率的实验研究

在1．0—4．0GPa，1123—1473K和控制氧逸度（Ni＋NiO，Fe＋Fe3O4，Fe＋FeO和Mo＋MoO2等4种氧缓冲剂）的条件下，借助YJ-3000t紧装式六面顶高温高压设备和Sarhron-1260阻抗／增益-相位分析仪，就位测定了橄榄石的电导率．实验结果表明：（1）在测定的频率范围（10^3-10^6Hz），样品的电导率对频率具有很强的依赖性；（2）随着温度（T）升高，电导率（σ）增大，lgσ与1／T之间符合Arrhenius关系；（3）在Fe＋Fe3O4氧缓冲条件下，随着压力升高，电导率降低，而活化焓和指前因子增大，并给出样品的活化能和活化体积分别为（1．25±0．08）eV和（0．105±0．025）cm^3·mol；（4）在给定的压力和温度下，随着氧逸度增加，电导率增大，活化焓降低；（5）小极化子导电机制可为橄榄石在高温高压下的导电行为提供合理的解释.

羟铟石研究的新进展

羟铟石（Jalindite)产在云南个旧马拉格锡石－多金属矿床氧化带中，是一种铟的次生矿物，镜下观察白色透明，均质体。折光率1.725±0.002,α0=7.9514×10^-7mm。主要粉晶谱线（nm):0.395(10),0.279(8),0.178(10),0.163(8),0.1325(7),0.1260(7),0.1200(8),0.1065(10)。电子探针8个测试点平均含铟69.34%，元素分析含H1.78%。计算OH30.26%，不含C，S，N。矿物成因和实验研究表明，羟铟石中铟来源于原生硫化物矿物，铟在氧化铁矿石中主要呈独立矿物，其他形式均占极次要地位。

高温高压和不同氧逸度下上地幔矿物岩石电导率的实验研究

借助于YJ-3000t六面顶高压设备和Solartron-1260阻抗/增益相位分析仪，在1.0~4.0 GPa和1073~1473 K及NNO (Ni+NiO)、IM (Fe+Fe3O4)、IW (Fe+FeO) 和MMO (Mo+MoO2) 4种固态氧缓冲剂控制氧分压条件下就位测量了单晶辉石、辉石岩、单晶橄榄石和二辉橄榄岩的电导率。取得如下结果： 1、在实验选择的频率范围10-1~107 Hz，无论从阻抗谱的Nyquist图还是Bode图均可以看出，电导率对频率具有很强的依赖性； 2、随着温度升高，电导率增大，Lg σ与1/T之间符合Arrhenius线性关系式； 3、在 IM和NNO固态氧缓冲约束条件下，随着压力升高，电导率降低，获得了一系列表征样品体系载流子特征的指前因子、活化能、活化焓和活化体积等Arrhenius参数； 4、在给定压力和不同氧缓冲剂控制下，按照NNO、IM、IW和MMO氧逸度降低的顺序，电导率减小； 5、在2.0 GPa和NNO控制下，按照 (001)、(100)、(010) 的顺序，透辉石的电导率和指前因子减小，活化焓增大，电学性质在不同晶面方向上存在各向异性； 6、样品中的小极化子导电机制可为电导率、指前因子、活化焓和活化体积等随温度、压力及氧逸度的变化规律提供合理解释。

控制热力学条件下的矿物、岩石电学性质研究

电导率是重要的地球物理参数。模拟地球内部条件下的矿物、岩石电导率测量是了解地球内部物质组成及物理化学性质的有效手段，同时，还可以为野外大地电磁测量结果的解释提供依据。在YJ-紧装式六面顶压机上，对原有的矿物、岩石电性测量系统进行了进一步的改进；建立了一套以Solartron 1260阻抗／增益一相位分析仪为测试仪器，使用Mo电极和Mo盾来控制样品氧逸度的测量系统，该系统的氧逸度环境为Mo-MoO2，接近Iw缓冲对。石英（人造水晶）、橄榄石、纯橄榄岩、辉石岩、二辉橄榄岩、巨晶辉石的电导率测量是在新的测量系统下获得的，而辉长岩的电导率测量是基于LCR仪为测量仪器的测试系统下获得的。在压力为1-3GPa、温度为675K-160OK、频率为106-0.1Hz、氧逸度为Mo-MoO2的条件下，对不同方向石英（人造水晶）的电学性质进行了研究。复阻抗平面上出现了反映样品本身性质的阻抗弧和反映样品与电极之间扩散的直线。石英的电导率随温度增加而增加，随压力的变化比较微弱。石英的导电机制主要为离子导电，载流子可能为碱金属离子和氢离子，这些碱金属离子和氢离子主要在平行于光轴的通道中运动。在相同的温度和压力条件下，a石英的电导率和c轴的夹角有关，石英的电导率随着夹角的增大而减小，表现出了强烈的各向异性。对“各个方向石英在发生了相变前后的电导率进行了研究，发现Q石英转变为p石英后，电导率并没有突变，仍然随着温度的增加而增加。在压力为1-2GP。、温度为563-1173K、频率为12-105Hz的条件下研究了辉长岩的阻抗。结果发现辉长岩复阻抗的实部随频率的增加而减小，而虚部随频率增加先增大后减小；相角随频率增加而减小。在复阻抗平面上出现了反映颗粒内部的阻抗弧，该阻抗弧出现在高频段。实验室获得辉长岩在地壳的压力和温度（1.0GP。和893K）条件下的电导率值为1.77×-4S／m，而高导层的电导率值为0-01-0-15S／m，二者相差了2-3个数量级，推断辉长岩不能在下地壳形成高导层。在压力为3.0GPa、温度为1299-1600K、频率为106-0.1Hz、氧逸度为Mo-MoO2条件下，对不同颗粒粒度的橄榄石电导率进行了测量。在复阻抗平面上均出现了反映颗粒内部电响应的阻抗弧，这些阻抗弧随着温度的增加而减小。而反映颗粒边界导电机制的阻抗弧并不明显，两种阻抗弧出现在不同的频率范围内，反映颗粒内部导电机制的阻抗弧出现在频率较高的范围内，而反映颗粒边界导电机制的阻抗弧出现在频率相对低的范围内。不同粒度橄榄石在3.0GPa条件下的电导率随着温度的增加而增加，它们的激化烩介于1.03-2.11ev之间。在压力为1-3GPa、温度为1282-1544K、频率为0.1-106Hz、氧逸度为MO-MoO2的条件下，对纯橄榄岩的电导率进行了测量。在复阻抗平面上出现了反映颗粒内部电响应和颗粒边界电响应的阻抗弧。反映颗粒内部导电的阻抗弧出现在较高的频率段，随着温度的增加，这些阻抗弧逐渐收缩。颗粒边界的阻抗弧出现在相对低的频率段。纯橄榄岩的电导率随着温度增加而增加，随压力变化比较微弱。对颗粒边界的电导率研究表明，颗粒边界的电导率高于颗粒内部的电导率，总电导率则小于颗粒内部和颗粒边界的电导率，颗粒边界并没有增强总电导率。纯橄榄岩的激化能为1，62eV，而激化体积为0.67cm3／mol，指前因子为5125加。利用实验所获得的拟合参数，建立了地球内部200-40Okm处的电导率模型，并同地球物理模型进行了对比，在温度和氧逸度的合理波动范围内，实验室电导率模型和地球物理模型吻合的很好。在压力为1-2GPa、温度为1228-1584K、频率为0.1-106Hz、氧逸度为MO-MoO2条件下，测量了天然和热压辉石岩、热压巨晶辉石、二辉橄榄岩的电导率。结果发现，在复阻抗平面上出现了反映颗粒内部电响应和颗粒边界电响应的阻抗弧，反映颗粒内部导电的阻抗弧出现在较高的频率段，随着温度的增加，这些阻抗弧逐渐收缩。颗粒边界的阻抗弧出现在相对低的频率段。辉石岩、二辉橄榄岩、巨晶辉石电导率随着温度增加而增加，随压力变化比较微弱。天然辉石岩和热压辉石岩颗粒边界的电导率高于它们各自颗粒内部的电导率，而总电导率则小于颗粒内部和颗粒边界的电导率，颗粒边界并没有增强总电导率。辉石岩一二辉橄榄岩一纯橄榄岩的电导率依次减小，这可能是与它们的铁含量有关。天然辉石岩的电导率与热压辉石岩的电导率的差异可能与样品中的水（氢）含量的不同有关。

The Symbolic Revolution: The Russian Nobility and February 1917

Rendle, Matthew, 'The Symbolic Revolution: The Russian Nobility and February 1917', Revolutionary Russia (2005) 18(1) pp.23-46 RAE2008

Cultural revolution: reflections on an exchange

This paper considers an on-going exchange programme between the Boole Library, University College Cork (UCC) and Hangzhou Municipal Library, South East China. The authors describe the exchange and their impressions of working in a different library setting.

Observation of the C2H2-N2O van der Waals complex in the overtone range using CW-CRDS

A slit nozzle supersonic expansion containing C2H2 (246 sccm) and N2O (355 sccm) seeded into Ar (1260 sccm) is investigated using CW cavity ring-down spectroscopy, in the 1.5 μm range. The C2H2-N2O van der Waals complex is observed around the 2CH acetylenic band. Despite strong perturbations, 117 b-type lines are assigned. Their combined fit with published microwave data leads to new upper state and improved lower state rotational constants. The Lorentzian width of the assigned line profiles sets the mean lifetime to 1.6 ns. The rotational temperature is estimated to be 15 K from the comparison between observed and simulated spectra. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Numerical simulation of incompressible flow problems using an unstructured staggered mesh method

A number of two dimensional staggered unstructured discretisation schemes for the solution of fluid flow and heat transfer problems have been developed. All schemes store and solve velocity vector components at cell faces with scalar variables solved at cell centres. The velocity is resolved into face-normal and face-parallel components and the various schemes investigated differ in the treatment of the parallel component. Steady-state and time-dependent fluid flow and thermal energy equations are solved with the well known pressure correction scheme, SIMPLE, employed to couple continuity and momentum. The numerical methods developed are tested on well known benchmark cases: the Lid-Driven Cavity, Natural Convection in a Cavity and Melting of Gallium in a rectangular domain. The results obtained are shown to be comparable to benchmark, but with accuracy dependent on scheme selection.

CFD analysis of one-dimensional infiltration in vadose zone

This study presents a CFD analysis constructed around PHYSICA, an open framework for multi-physics computational continuum mechanics modelling, to investigate the water movement in unsaturated porous media. The modelling environment is based on a cell-centred finite-volume discretisation technique. A number of test cases are performed in order to validate the correct implementation of Richard's equation for compressible and incompressible fluids. The pressure head form of the equation is used together with the constitutive relationships between pressure, volumetric water content and hydraulic conductivity described by Haverkamp and Van Genuchten models. The flow problems presented are associated with infiltration into initially dry soils with homogeneous or layered geologic settings. Comparison of results with the problems selected from literature shows a good agreement and validates the approach and the implementation.