A three-phase to single-phase matrix converter based bi-directional IPT system for charging electric vehicles

This paper presents a novel three-phase to single-phase matrix converter (TSMC) based bi-directional inductive power transfer (IPT) system for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. In contrast to existing techniques, the proposed technique which employs a TSMC to drive an 8th order high frequency resonant network, requires only a single-stage power conversion process to facilitate bi-directional power transfer between electric vehicles (EVs) and a three-phase utility power supply. A mathematical model is presented to demonstrate that both magnitude and direction of power flow can be controlled by regulating either relative phase angles or magnitudes of voltages generated by converters. The viability of the proposed mathematical model is verified using simulated results of a 10 kW bi-directional IPT system and the results suggest that the proposed system is efficient, reliable and is suitable for high power applications which require contactless power transfer.

A model for estimating grid side harmonics of matrix converter based bi-directional IPT systems

Matrix converter (MC) based bi-directional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) systems are gaining popularity as an efficient and reliable technique with single stage grid integration as opposed to two stage grid integration of conventional grid connected BD-IPT systems. However MCs are invariably rich in harmonics and thus affect both power quality and power factor on the grid side. This paper proposes a mathematical model through which the grid side harmonics of MC based BD-IPT systems can accurately be estimated. The validity of the proposed mathematical model is verified using simulated results of a 3 kW BD-IPT system and results suggest that the MC based BD-IPT systems have a better power factor with higher power quality over conventional grid connected rectifier based systems.

Efficiency optimization for bidirectional IPT system

Compared with unidirectional inductive power transfer (UIPT) systems which are suitable for passive loads, bidirectional IPT (BIPT) systems can be used for active loads with power regenerative capability. There are numerous BIPT systems that have been proposed previously to achieve improved performance. However, typical BIPT systems are controlled through modulation of phase-shift of each converter while keeping the relative phase angle between voltages produced by two converters at ± 90 degrees. This paper presents theoretical analysis to show that there is a unique phase shift for each converter at which the inductive coils losses of the system is minimized for a given load. Simulated results of a BIPT system, compensated by CLCL resonant networks, are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed concept and the validity of the mathematical model.

不同启动子调控的ipt基因表达质粒的构建及其对植物的转化

作为一类重要的植物激素，细胞分裂素在植物的生长与分化发育过程中起着重要的作用。 农杆菌来源的Ti质粒上基因4区域ipt基因特异地编码控制细胞分裂素生物合成中的关键酶—异戊烯基转移酶。 启动子是一类非常重要的基因元件，在控制生物体内基因表达上起决定作用。 本文从以下两个方面着眼，进行了一些分子水平上的工作．1）利用外源基因的导入，从调节内源激素水平的角度研究细胞分裂素与植物生长发育的一些关系．2)研究比较不同启动子在转基因植物不同部位的表达功效． 为此，我们构建了一系列不同启动于调控下的iPt基因表达质粒;pCaI、pRI、pII以及pIG并转化了烟草（NIcotinacum：Wisconsin38）和拟南芥菜(Arabidonsis thaliana: NeW Zealand)．得到了一些抗性转化苗， 转化苗在生：长发育一些特性上已显示出与未转化植株的不同，如侧芽多及不易生根等．进一步的分析检测工作：如在复制、转录以及翻译水平上的检测，外源ipt基因的表达以及表达强度对植物生长发育的影响等有待于继续进行。

sporamin A ipt嵌合质粒的构建及其对马铃薯的转化

细胞分裂素在植物的生长、发育过程中起着重要的作用，来源于农杆菌Ti质粒上基因4区域的ipt基因特异地编码控制细胞分裂素生物合成中的关键酶－－异戊烯基转移酶。 启动子是一类非常重要的基因表达调控元件，在植物的生长、发育过程中控制着基因的时空及顺序表达。来源于甘薯的Sporamin有两种类型（A和B），它是甘薯块根中的主要贮藏蛋白，并且特异地在块根中表达。我们将sporamin A启动子和ipt基因嵌合构成双元载体pBz213，使之进入农杆菌，然后再转化马铃薯，已经得到了具有卡那霉素抗性的小植株，进一步的检测工作正在进行中。在马铃薯块茎中可望异戊烯基转移酶特异地合成，并且能够增加细胞分裂素的水平。

种子特异启动子调控ipt基因表达对烟草种子发育的影响

细胞分裂素（cytokinin，CTK）是五大类植物激素之一，它参与了植物许多生理过程与代谢的调控，主要有促进细胞的分裂和扩大，诱导芽、根和叶绿体的分化，促进种子与果实的发育，解除顶端优势，延缓叶片衰老及增强植物胁迫抗性，调节叶绿体发育基因、营养代谢基因及其它功能基因的表达，调控营养物质的运输和分配等。其调节的植物生理过程也受到其他不同因素的影响。细胞分裂素也是参与植物信号途径间相互作用的一类重要激素。 早期有关细胞分裂素生理作用的研究是基于外源激素的施用来进行的。由于通过外源施用细胞分裂素，其在植物体内的吸收，转运及代谢过程的复杂性和未知性，使得实验研究的因果关系难以确定。随着分子生物学的发展和植物转基因技术的日趋成熟，采用基因工程的方法来研究和探讨细胞分裂素对植物生长发育的调节作用及作用机理是近年来研究的热点，同时也为应用植物激素进行遗传育种提供了广阔的前景。 近年来，越来越多的真核生物启动子的分离克隆，促进了细胞分裂素基因工程的发展。利用具有组织特异性、发育特异性的启动子调控ipt基因，可使ipt基因在植物的特定组织或某一发育阶段进行表达。从而可根据不同的研究目的调控植物转化体中细胞分裂素合成的部位、时间和表达水平。尽管应用一些组织特异启动子融合ipt基因进行了一些细胞分裂素有关生理作用的研究，但是，有关细胞分裂素在胚和种子发育过程中的细胞学方面的研究还很少。 为研究ipt基因在种子发育过程中的作用，我们用大豆种子特异启动子-lectin融合ipt基因转化烟草，获得再生烟草植株。从生理学和细胞学上分析了ipt基因在lectin启动子的控制下的基因表达对种子生长发育的影响。发现在转基因烟草中，lectin-ipt基因的表达促进了种子胚及胚乳的细胞分裂，促使种子胚的生长加快，种子胚的增大为物质的贮存提供了条件，使营养物质更多的向种子运输，主要是可溶性蛋白质含量增加。由此进一步提高了转基因烟草种子干重的增加，种子的萌发与幼苗生长的加快，幼苗鲜重增加。

Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) P(3HB-co-3HV) with a broad range of 3HV content at high yields by Burkholderia sacchari IPT 189

The biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from sucrose and propionic acid by Burkholderia sacchari IPT 189 was studied using a two-stage bioreactor process. In the first stage, this bacterium was cultivated in a balanced culture medium until sucrose exhaustion. In the second stage, a solution containing sucrose and propionic acid as carbon source was fed to the bioreactor at various sucrose/propionic acid (s/p) ratios at a constant specific flow rate. Copolymers with 3HV content ranging from 40 down to 6.5 (mol%) were obtained with 3HV yield from propionic acid (Y-3HV/prop) increasing from 1.10 to 1.34 g g(-1). Copolymer productivity of 1 g l(-1) h(-1) was obtained with polymer biomass content rising up to 60% by increasing a specific flow rate at a constant s/p ratio. Increasing values of 3HV content were obtained by varying the s/p ratios. A simulation of production costs considering Y-3HV/prop obtained in the present work indicated that a reduction of up to 73% can be reached, approximating US$ 1.00 per kg which is closer to the value to produce P3HB from sucrose (US$ 0.75 per kg).