971 resultados para Visual disabilities
Resumo:
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the cause-specific prevalence and distribution of blindness and low vision in the United States by age, race/ethnicity, and gender, and to estimate the change in these prevalence figures over the next 20 years. METHODS: Summary prevalence estimates of blindness (both according to the US definition of < or =6/60 [< or =20/200] best-corrected visual acuity in the better-seeing eye and the World Health Organization standard of < 6/120 [< 20/400]) and low vision (< 6/12 [< 20/40] best-corrected vision in the better-seeing eye) were prepared separately for black, Hispanic, and white persons in 5-year age intervals starting at 40 years. The estimated prevalences were based on recent population-based studies in the United States, Australia, and Europe. These estimates were applied to 2000 US Census data, and to projected US population figures for 2020, to estimate the number of Americans with visual impairment. Cause-specific prevalences of blindness and low vision were also estimated for the different racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS: Based on demographics from the 2000 US Census, an estimated 937 000 (0.78%) Americans older than 40 years were blind (US definition). An additional 2.4 million Americans (1.98%) had low vision. The leading cause of blindness among white persons was age-related macular degeneration (54.4% of the cases), while among black persons, cataract and glaucoma accounted for more than 60% of blindness. Cataract was the leading cause of low vision, responsible for approximately 50% of bilateral vision worse than 6/12 (20/40) among white, black, and Hispanic persons. The number of blind persons in the US is projected to increase by 70% to 1.6 million by 2020, with a similar rise projected for low vision. CONCLUSIONS: Blindness or low vision affects approximately 1 in 28 Americans older than 40 years. The specific causes of visual impairment, and especially blindness, vary greatly by race/ethnicity. The prevalence of visual disabilities will increase markedly during the next 20 years, owing largely to the aging of the US population.
Resumo:
The purpose of this project was to discern the inherent tension present in narratives told by adolescents with a visual impairment as they attempted to make sense of their experiences, specifically those surrounding risk. Mediated action, based on the foundational work of Vygotsky and Bakhtin, was used as both a theoretical and methodological approach; it is the theory that there are two components that constitute any human action: the "agent," or the person who is doing the acting, and the "mediational means" that he or she is using to accomplish the action in question. Tension ensues as neither is able to fully explain human behaviour. Ten adolescents with a visual impairment participated in a narrative interview, revealing numerous counter-narratives surrounding risk-taking, including "experimentation undertaken using good judgment." Participants offered examples of how they engaged, appropriated, resisted and transformed the dominant narratives of disability and adolescence in their identity formation.
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT
Resumo:
This study examines the hippotherapy related to school inclusion. Inclusive education, given the diversity of human kind, seeks to understand and meet the educational needs of all students. Visual impairment is defined as a reduction or complete loss of ability to see with the better eye and after the best possible optical correction, and may be perceived by the focus when the individual educational needs of Braille for their learning. Hippotherapy is a therapeutic and educational method that uses the horse in an interdisciplinary approach in health, education and riding, searching for the biopsychosocial development of people with disabilities and/or special needs. The general objectives were: to follow a Hippotherapy program applied to a student with visual disabilities included in regular education from the practice sessions of hippotherapy and the student's school routine, and specific: to verify changes to a student with visual impairment during their participation in an equine therapy program, to check the commitment, involvement and interest in school activities the student practicing hippotherapy inserted into the regular school system. The methodology was a qualitative research, in the form of case study. The instruments of data collection were interviews, video recordings, photographs, school information and the subject of systematic observations of the sessions of hippotherapy. Interviews were conducted at three different times during the course of the program. First we used a strategy for succeeding in increasing the involvement of practicing with the school. Later, another strategy was established, consisting of the effective presence of the researcher in the school to carry out activities on the hippotherapy within the school environment. The analysis of the first interview showed no changes in school interest, however, occurred in the family environment. In analyzing the results of the second interview was seen as a...
Resumo:
This study examines the hippotherapy related to school inclusion. Inclusive education, given the diversity of human kind, seeks to understand and meet the educational needs of all students. Visual impairment is defined as a reduction or complete loss of ability to see with the better eye and after the best possible optical correction, and may be perceived by the focus when the individual educational needs of Braille for their learning. Hippotherapy is a therapeutic and educational method that uses the horse in an interdisciplinary approach in health, education and riding, searching for the biopsychosocial development of people with disabilities and/or special needs. The general objectives were: to follow a Hippotherapy program applied to a student with visual disabilities included in regular education from the practice sessions of hippotherapy and the student's school routine, and specific: to verify changes to a student with visual impairment during their participation in an equine therapy program, to check the commitment, involvement and interest in school activities the student practicing hippotherapy inserted into the regular school system. The methodology was a qualitative research, in the form of case study. The instruments of data collection were interviews, video recordings, photographs, school information and the subject of systematic observations of the sessions of hippotherapy. Interviews were conducted at three different times during the course of the program. First we used a strategy for succeeding in increasing the involvement of practicing with the school. Later, another strategy was established, consisting of the effective presence of the researcher in the school to carry out activities on the hippotherapy within the school environment. The analysis of the first interview showed no changes in school interest, however, occurred in the family environment. In analyzing the results of the second interview was seen as a...
Resumo:
"March 13, 1998."
Resumo:
Este trabalho é estimulado pela reflexão sobre a recepção da comunicação mercadológica televisiva por pessoas com deficiência visual, assim como sobre a percepção quanto às iniciativas do governo e das empresas em prol da inclusão. O estudo busca, com base na Teoria das Mediações, que é estudada por teóricos dos Estudos de Recepção, entender de que forma as pessoas com deficiência visual interagem com as diferentes categorias de comerciais de televisão, a partir de seus valores, percepções de mundo e condições em que se encontram. Deste modo, observa-se ainda o nível de sentimento de pertencimento das pessoas com deficiência visual quanto à preocupação do governo e das empresas em causas sociais. Os procedimentos que dirigem a investigação caracterizam-se por uma reflexão a partir de dados decorrentes de pesquisa bibliográfica, articulada a uma pesquisa de campo de natureza qualitativa. O trabalho conclui que a percepção das pessoas com deficiência visual se distancia do que está sendo proposto, feito e aparentemente sendo bem divulgado em prol da inclusão; bem como, observa a necessidade de aprimoramento da conscientização da sociedade, e consequentemente dos comunicadores, sobre a importância da aproximação entre as pessoas com deficiência visual e a comunicação mercadológica televisiva. Nesta percepção, o trabalho apresenta sugestões no âmbito comunicacional que poderiam tornar as causas sociais realmente expressivas na vida das pessoas com deficiência visual.
Resumo:
Over the past 30 years, Art Education in interface with disabilities has been a subject of increasing interest in research in academia, especially with regard to Special Education, but still has some shortages in terms of socialization studies to discuss this type of teaching from the perspective of inclusive education. In this scenario, this paper presents an analysis from the field of teaching Visual Arts in the context of school inclusion, with emphasis on teaching drawing to the visually impaired. The conducted literature indicates a number of authors who discuss teaching drawing to people with visual disabilities, who are dedicated primarily to the Special Education context. In this sense, the shortage of research that discuss this teaching from the perspective of inclusive education, this research aimed at the inclusive approach to teaching drawing in the school context. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a proposal for a pedagogical intervention in Visual Arts, with reference to drawing and its construction process, with the participation of seeing and unseeing students. Therefore, the methodological approach, which was qualitative, was the intervention research, in the light of the Bakhtinian principles of dialogism and otherness, with exploratory study characteristics. The locus of the research was the State School Admiral Newton Braga Faria, which is located in Alecrim, on the East Zone of Natal / RN and is near the Institute for Education and Rehabilitation of the Blind - IERC / RN. The class chosen for intervention was the 7th grade “C” afternoon shift, which had children aged 12 to 16, with 27 students enrolled, three students with disabilities: 02 blind girls and 01 deafblind boy with light hearing and visual loss. As interlocutors of the research, we could also count on the Art teacher who served as a collaborator, as well as teacher in the school’s Multifunction Resource Room. The instruments and research procedures were observation, semi-structured interview, field diary and the photo / video recording. In the development of research, we conducted 10 workshops with multisensory teaching sequences, articulating the physical, tactile and graphical expressions as intrinsic to the reading and production of drawing for both seeing and unseeing students. The process and data built on research allowed for a reflection on cultural experiences with drawing in the school context and on the interactions between seeing and unseeing students in the production and analysis of tactile-visual drawings. They also point out the construction of a teaching approach to drawing, in the context of the common class, from educational workshops that enable artistic and aesthetic interactions from the perspective of school inclusiveness. Thus, we argued that the mobilization of the tactile, physical and graphical expressions can be adopted in a multisensory approach that enables a pedagogical focus that involves all students and is not restricted to the presence of students with visual impairment.
Resumo:
El punto de partida para ofrecer una educación universitaria personalizada basada en entornos de educación onlinea personas con diversidad funcional debe centrarse en garantizar la óptima accesibilidad a su contenido web y a los recursos de aprendizaje. En la actualidad, la mayoría de las universidades disponen de plataformas virtuales de educación, con un importante peso para el correcto desarrollo de sus estudios y para la optimización del aprendizaje de su alumnado. Por otro lado, los entornos virtuales suponen un importante punto de acceso a la posible matriculación en dichas universidades del alumnado con discapacidad. Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos. El primero de ellos consiste en definir cuáles son las condiciones óptimas de accesibilidad web de las plataformas virtuales de educación y de los sitios web de las universidades para personas que presentan discapacidad visual o discapacidad motórica, de acuerdo a los estándares internacionales. El segundo objetivo del trabajo persigue ofrecer una breve aproximación al grado de accesibilidad de los sitios web de las universidades españolas para el alumnado con esas dos discapacidades. El trabajo sigue un diseño descriptivo basado en dos elementos de análisis. Por un lado, la revisión de estudios de accesibilidad y diversidad funcional y, por otro, el análisis de la accesibilidad web de los sitios web de las 78 universidades españolas. Se concluye que existen dificultades de accesibilidad web y navegación en los entornos virtuales de las universidades españolas, situación que, por lo tanto, redunda en limitaciones en el aprendizaje de los colectivos de estudiantes con limitaciones.
Resumo:
A promoção de uma sociedade mais inclusiva tem vindo a refletir-se numa progressiva tomada de consciência das dimensões associadas ao turismo acessível para todos. Ao mesmo tempo, no plano discursivo, assume-se cada vez mais o turismo como um bem social de primeira necessidade, essencial na qualidade de vida. No entanto, também é igualmente reconhecido que o acesso às práticas turísticas, por parte de pessoas com incapacidade, continua a ser moldado por dificuldades de vária ordem, às quais o sector do turismo não tem sabido responder, ou, pelo menos, a perceção consciente deste facto social tem sido muito débil e incipiente. Partindo destes pressupostos, a nossa investigação centrou-se, particularmente, na compreensão das dinâmicas de envolvimento e de participação das pessoas com incapacidade nas atividades turísticas. Concretamente, pretendemos analisar os aspetos associados à experiência das pessoas com incapacidade visual ou incapacidade física, identificando os fatores que restringem (inibidores) e os fatores que afetam a decisão de viajar de forma positiva (os facilitadores), procurando compreender como é que as pessoas se adaptam e se tornam viajantes ativos. Para a concretização deste objetivo utilizou-se um estudo qualitativo, baseado em entrevistas longas, que procurou dar voz aos atores com incapacidade visual e física. O tratamento da informação recolhida foi efetuado com base na análise de conteúdo de tipo temático-categorial. Os resultados assim obtidos permitem extrair as seguintes conclusões principais: a participação em atividades turísticas por parte das pessoas com incapacidade física e visual resulta de um processo dinâmico e interativo, no qual intervêm múltiplos fatores, com influência positiva ou negativa, na confluência do seu contexto pessoal, da sua condição de incapacidade e do seu ambiental social, com um impacto variável nas diferentes etapas do processo.