Development and experimental evaluation of a steel tube vehicle impact attenuation system. Final report.

Connecticut Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research, Wethersfield

Scale model study of low-density concrete impact attenuators. Final report.

Ohio Department of Transportation, Columbus

Impact attenuators - a current engineering evaluation. Final report - executive summmary.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Proposed vehicle impact speed: Severe injury probability relationships for selected crash types

Speed is recognised as a key contributor to crash likelihood and severity, and to road safety performance in general. Its fundamental role has been recognised by making Safe Speeds one of the four pillars of the Safe System. In this context, impact speeds above which humans are likely to sustain fatal injuries have been accepted as a reference in many Safe System infrastructure policy and planning discussions. To date, there have been no proposed relationships for impact speeds above which humans are likely to sustain fatal or serious (severe) injury, a more relevant Safe System measure. A research project on Safe System intersection design required a critical review of published literature on the relationship between impact speed and probability of injury. This has led to a number of questions being raised about the origins, accuracy and appropriateness of the currently accepted impact speed–fatality probability relationships (Wramborg 2005) in many policy documents. The literature review identified alternative, more recent and more precise relationships derived from the US crash reconstruction databases (NASS/CDS). The paper proposes for discussion a set of alternative relationships between vehicle impact speed and probability of MAIS3+ (fatal and serious) injury for selected common crash types. Proposed Safe System critical impact speed values are also proposed for use in road infrastructure assessment. The paper presents the methodology and assumptions used in developing these relationships. It identifies further research needed to confirm and refine these relationships. Such relationships would form valuable inputs into future road safety policies in Australia and New Zealand.

Evaluation of the Electric Vehicle Impact in the Power Demand Curve in a Smart Grid Environment

Smart grids with an intensive penetration of distributed energy resources will play an important role in future power system scenarios. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources brings new challenges, requiring an efficient management of those sources. Additional storage resources can be beneficially used to address this problem; the massive use of electric vehicles, particularly of vehicle-to-grid (usually referred as gridable vehicles or V2G), becomes a very relevant issue. This paper addresses the impact of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in system operation costs and in power demand curve for a distribution network with large penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) units. An efficient management methodology for EVs charging and discharging is proposed, considering a multi-objective optimization problem. The main goals of the proposed methodology are: to minimize the system operation costs and to minimize the difference between the minimum and maximum system demand (leveling the power demand curve). The proposed methodology perform the day-ahead scheduling of distributed energy resources in a distribution network with high penetration of DG and a large number of electric vehicles. It is used a 32-bus distribution network in the case study section considering different scenarios of EVs penetration to analyze their impact in the network and in the other energy resources management.

Appendix to report - summary of the results of crash tests performed on the Connecticut Impact Attenuation System (CIAS).

Mode of access: Internet.

Summary of the results of crash tests performed on the Connecticut Impact Attenuation System (CIAS). Interim report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Vehicle Impact Simulation Technology Advancement (VISTA): planning document.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety and Traffic Operations Research and Development, McLean, Va.

Performance of highway safety devices. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Performance of a tire-sand inertial barrier system in Connecticut. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

In-service evaluation of the BRAKEMASTER and C-A-T crash cushions. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Delineation of concrete safety-shaped barriers and urban freeway gore area crash cushions. Final report.

Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Transportation Planning Division, Austin

Delineation of urban freeway gore area crash cushions. Interim report.

Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, Transportation Planning Division, Austin