1000 resultados para Raciocínio lógico


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Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

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Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

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Fairy tales are popular stories that has been narrated for centuries, whether through oral tradition or printed manuscripts, over generations. It is known that fairy tales can, through symbolism, to penetrate the human unconscious, rescuing emotions, feelings and influencing their actions and ways of thinking, and are means of transmitting moral values propagated by particular historical and social contexts for variations that appear in the same story, because it can be modified by the intention of the person who transmits me story and the interpretation of those who read it, at a particular time and situation. Although, these changes, compared to the classic fairy tales of Perrault, the Grimm Brothers and Andersen, are marked clearly different, which shows the habits and customs of the time in which they are conveyed, whether in written or oral form. The present work aimed to study the differences between current and classic tales, as well as their influences on implications for the child's mind, from a work by the teacher, which consider the role of context in the situation, the characters and the plot. Thus it is intended that students be induced to question, to understand the values dealtturn in the story and to make inferences, and that logical reasoning be stimulated not only for reading, but for any act of communication to occur

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This study offers an analysis of classification of the main issues of logic and logical thinking found in competitive tendering and math tests, according to their concepts and characteristics, whether involving mathematics, or not. Moreover, a research on the evolutionary historic processes of logic according to three major crises of the foundations of mathematics was conducted. This research helped to define Logic as a science that is quite distinctive from Mathematics. In order to relate the logical and the mathematical thinking, three types of knowledge, according to Piaget, were presented, with the logical-mathematical one being among them. The study also includes an insight on the basic concepts of propositional and predicative logic, which aids in the classification of issues of logical thinking, formal logic or related to algebraic, and geometric or arithmetic knowledge, according to the Venn diagrams. Furthermore, the key problems - that are most frequently found in tests are resolved and classified, as it was previously described. As a result, the classification in question was created and exemplified with eighteen logic problems, duly solved and explained

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This study offers an analysis of classification of the main issues of logic and logical thinking found in competitive tendering and math tests, according to their concepts and characteristics, whether involving mathematics, or not. Moreover, a research on the evolutionary historic processes of logic according to three major crises of the foundations of mathematics was conducted. This research helped to define Logic as a science that is quite distinctive from Mathematics. In order to relate the logical and the mathematical thinking, three types of knowledge, according to Piaget, were presented, with the logical-mathematical one being among them. The study also includes an insight on the basic concepts of propositional and predicative logic, which aids in the classification of issues of logical thinking, formal logic or related to algebraic, and geometric or arithmetic knowledge, according to the Venn diagrams. Furthermore, the key problems - that are most frequently found in tests are resolved and classified, as it was previously described. As a result, the classification in question was created and exemplified with eighteen logic problems, duly solved and explained

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This study will introduce a brief history of the Geometry development, focused in the appearing of the organization in the logical deductive structure achieved by Euclid. Following will be discussed the situation of the learning and teaching of geometry topics since antiquity until the present day, where we will notice that it does not happen with the logical-deductive perspective. After this contextualization, we will propose the realization of a geometry workshop for students of the sixth grade of elementary school, focusing to the development of logical-deductive reasoning. Applied to workshop, changes were observed in the organization of thought of the participating students in the research, furthering the understanding of the concepts and properties of flat euclidean geometry.

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The present work focused on developing teaching activities that would provide to the student in initial teacher training, improving the ability of mathematical reasoning and hence a greater appreciation of the concepts related to the golden section, the irrational numbers, and the incommensurability the demonstration from the reduction to the nonsensical. This survey is classified itself as a field one which data collection were inserted within a quantitative and qualitative approach. Acted in this research, two classes in initial teacher training. These were teachers and employees of public schools and local governments, living in the capital, in Natal Metropolitan Region - and within the country. The empirical part of the research took place in Pedagogy and Mathematics courses, IFESP in Natal - RN. The theoretical and methodological way construction aimed to present a teaching situation, based on history, involving mathematics and architecture, derived from a concrete context - Andrea Palladio s Villa Emo. Focused discussions on current studies of Rachel Fletcher stating that the architect used the golden section in this village construction. As a result, it was observed that the proposal to conduct a study on the mathematical reasoning assessment provided, in teaching and activity sequences, several theoretical and practical reflections. These applications, together with four sessions of study in the classroom, turned on to a mathematical thinking organization capable to develop in academic students, the investigative and logical reasoning and mathematical proof. By bringing ancient Greece and Andrea Palladio s aspects of the mathematics, in teaching activities for teachers and future teachers of basic education, it was promoted on them, an improvement in mathematical reasoning ability. Therefore, this work came from concerns as opportunity to the surveyed students, thinking mathematically. In fact, one of the most famous irrational, the golden section, was defined by a certain geometric construction, which is reflected by the Greek phrase (the name "golden section" becomes quite later) used to describe the same: division of a segment - on average and extreme right. Later, the golden section was once considered a standard of beauty in the arts. This is reflected in how to treat the statement questioning by current Palladio s scholars, regarding the use of the golden section in their architectural designs, in our case, in Villa Emo

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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Ensino da Matemática

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Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

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In this dissertation we present a model for iteration of Katsuno and Mendelzon’s Update, inspired in the developments for iteration in AGM belief revision. We adapt Darwiche and Pearls’ postulates of iterated belief revision to update (as well as the independence postulate proposed in [BM06, JT07]) and show two families of such operators, based in natural [Bou96] and lexicographic revision [Nay94a, NPP03]. In all cases, we provide a possible worlds semantics of the models.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar, sob o ponto de vista psicológico, aspectos cognitivos de pacientes portadores de esquizofrenia associados ao tipo de medicamento antipsicótico em uso. MÉTODOS: Participaram dois grupos: no grupo 1 os pacientes em tratamento com haloperidol (n = 14) e no 2 aqueles em tratamento com clozapina (n = 16). Ambos os grupos eram formados por indivíduos com esquizofrenia em tratamento psiquiátrico ambulatorial no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), cuja faixa etária variou entre 18 e 59 anos. Foram usados como instrumentos o Operational Checklist for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) para definição do diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e a técnica de Rorschach. Também se realizou a análise de variância (ANOVA) seguida do teste de Bonferroni, com nível de significância de p < 0,05 sobre os dados do teste de Rorschach. RESULTADOS: O grupo 1 apresentou F+ < 80%; FK < KF + K; FC < CF + C. O grupo 2 apresentou F+ > 80%; FK = KF + K; FC > CF + C. Ambos os grupos apresentaram escore de forma (sigmaF) na faixa clínica considerada normal. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do Rorschach permitem inferir que os pacientes medicados com clozapina apresentam indicativos de capacidade de produção e adaptação à tarefa, controle pelo uso da inteligência sobre impulsos e instintos, capacidade para suportar frustração e funcionamento do raciocínio lógico em melhores condições do que os pacientes medicados com haloperidol.

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O objetivo do estudo foi identificar habilidades de pensamento crítico no processo diagnóstico em enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo com aplicação de caso clínico a sete discentes de enfermagem para identificação de habilidades de pensamento crítico e suas justificativas. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo para processamento dos dados. Tem-se que seis participantes citaram análise, conhecimento técnico-científico e raciocínio lógico como habilidades de pensamento crítico importantes na identificação de um diagnóstico de enfermagem prioritário; a experiência clínica foi citada por cinco participantes; o conhecimento sobre o paciente e aplicação de padrões foram habilidades mencionadas por três participantes; o discernimento e perspectiva contextual foram habilidades referidas por dois participantes. Com base nesses resultados, observou-se a utilização de habilidades de pensamento crítico relacionadas às etapas do processo de diagnóstico de enfermagem. Concluí-se que a aplicação desse processo configura uma estratégia que possibilita o desenvolvimento de habilidades específicas de pensamento crítico.

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Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar e estudar a aplicação de uma ferramenta chamada PCP – Pseudo-Compilador Portugol, criada para auxiliar estudantes de programação a aprimorar o raciocínio lógico e a criar programas estruturados, sem que precisem se preocupar com comandos e instruções em Inglês ou tenham conhecimento de uma linguagem de programação específica. Por ser uma ferramenta que usa somente palavras do nosso idioma, os alunos podem direcionar todo o seu raciocínio no entendimento e resolução do problema em forma de algoritmo. O estudo experimental realizado neste trabalho pretende analisar e comparar o aprendizado entre grupos de alunos de disciplinas de programação utilizando e não utilizando esta ferramenta. Além de acompanhar o desempenho dos alunos, pretende também coletar informações durante as baterias de testes e obter as opiniões dos mesmos em relação ao PCP, no que se refere às facilidades, dificuldades, pontos positivos e falhas apresentadas. Este estudo é apresentado em duas etapas, com oito baterias de teste em cada uma. Na primeira etapa foram selecionados alunos do Curso de Ciência da Computação da UNIGRAN, em Dourados-MS; na segunda etapa foram selecionados alunos da Escola Anglo Decisivo. Estas duas etapas possibilitam a análise do aprendizado proporcionado pela ferramenta com alunos que já têm alguma noção de programação e com alunos que não tiveram nenhum contato com o desenvolvimento de programas.