Deep levels in semi-insulating InP obtained by annealing under iron phosphide ambiance

Deep levels in semi-insulating (SI) InP obtained by annealing in iron phosphide (IP) ambiance have been characterized by optical transient current spectroscopy (OTCS). Compared with the OTCS result of the SI InP prepared by annealing in pure phosphorus (PP) ambiance, the IP SI InP presents only two traps with activation energies of 0.20 and 0.63 eV, respectively. The results suggest that the diffusion of Fe-atoms suppresses the formation of a few defects in the IP SI InP. The nature of deep levels in the IP and PP SI InP has been discussed on the basis of these results. The relation between material property and defects in those SI InP has also been revealed. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Wandering and the physical environment

Background/Rationale Guided by the need-driven dementia-compromised behavior (NDB) model, this study examined influences of the physical environment on wandering behavior. Methods Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design, 122 wanderers from 28 long-term care (LTC) facilities were videotaped 10 to 12 times; data on wandering, light, sound, temperature and humidity levels, location, ambiance, and crowding were obtained. Associations between environmental variables and wandering were evaluated with chi-square and t tests; the model was evaluated using logistic regression. Results In all, 80% of wandering occurred in the resident’s own room, dayrooms, hallways, or dining rooms. When observed in other residents’ rooms, hallways, shower/baths, or off-unit locations, wanderers were likely (60%-92% of observations) to wander. The data were a good fit to the model overall (LR [logistic regression] χ2 (5) = 50.38, P < .0001) and by wandering type. Conclusions Location, light, sound, proximity of others, and ambiance are associated with wandering and may serve to inform environmental designs and care practices.

Estimates of crowding in long-term care: Comparing two approaches

Objective: Because studies of crowding in long-term care settings are lacking, the authors sought to: (1) generate initial estimates of crowding in nursing homes and assisted living facilities; and (2) evaluate two operational approaches to its measurement. ----- ----- Background: Reactions to density and proximity are complex. Greater density intensifies people's reaction to a situation in the direction (positive or negative) that they would react if the situation were to occur under less dense conditions. People with dementia are especially reactive to the environment. ----- ----- Methods: Using a cross-sectional correlational design in nursing homes and assisted living facilities involving 185 participants, multiple observations (N = 6,455) of crowding and other environmental variables were made. Crowding, location, and sound were measured three times per observation; ambiance was measured once. Data analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance. ----- ----- Results: Crowding estimates were higher for nursing homes and in dining and activity rooms. Crowding also varied across settings and locations by time of day. Overall, the interaction of location and time affected crowding significantly (N = 5,559, df [47, 511], F = 105.69, p < .0001); effects were greater within location-by-hour than between location-by-hour, but the effect explained slightly less variance in Long-Term Care Crowding Index (LTC-CI) estimates (47.41%) than location alone. Crowding had small, direct, and highly significant correlations with sound and with the engaging subscale for ambiance; a similar, though inverse, correlation was seen with the soothing subscale for ambiance. ----- ----- Conclusions: Crowding fluctuates consistent with routine activities such as meals in long-term care settings. Furthermore, a relationship between crowding and other physical characteristics of the environment was found. The LTC-CI is likely to be more sensitive than simple people counts when seeking to evaluate the effects of crowding on the behavior of elders-particularly those with dementia-in long-term care settings. aging in place.

Kulttuurisia kohtaamisia : Suomalaiset kuvataiteilijat ja Rooma 1800-luvulla

Dozens of Finnish artists, practically all the professional sculptors and painters, travelled to and stayed in Rome during the 19th century. The study at hand concentrates for the first time on the Finnish artists in Rome in corpore, and analyses their way of life based on a broad variety of previously unknown and unexplored sources from a number of archives in both Scandinavia and Rome. The extensive corpus of source material is scrutinized with microhistorical precision from the point of view of cultural history. The new information thus achieved adds to the previous knowledge of Rome s often overlooked importance as a source of inspiration in Scandinavian culture in general and significantly clarifies our understanding of the development of Finnish artistic life and cultural identity in the 19th century. The study proves that in Finland, like in all of Europe, the stay in Rome was considered to be a necessary part of becoming a true artist. Already the journey was an integral part of the encounter with Rome, corresponding with the civilized ideal of the period. The stay in Rome provided a northern artist with overwhelming opportunities that were incomparable to the unestablished and modest forms of artistic life Finland could offer. Without domestic artistic institutions or traditions, the professional status of Finnish painters and sculptors took shape abroad, firstly through the encounter with Rome and the different networks the Finnish artists belonged to during and after their stay in the eternal city. The Finnish artists were an integral part of the international artistic community in the cultural capital of Europe, which gave a totally new impetus to their work and contributed to their cosmopolitan identification. For these early masters of Finnish art, the Scandinavian communality and universal artistic identity seemed to be more significant than their nationality. In all, the scrutiny of Finnish artists in their wide social, ideological and international framework gives an interesting aspect to the cultural ambiance of the 19th century, in both Rome and Finland. The study highlights many long-forgotten artists who were influential in shaping Finnish art, culture and identity in their time.

A pilot RCT of a multi-component nutrition intervention for nursing home residents with dementia

Background Malnutrition and unintentional weight loss are major clinical issues in people with dementia living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) and are associated with serious adverse outcomes. However, evidence regarding effective interventions is limited and strategies to improve the nutritional status of this population are required. This presentation describes the implementation and results of a pilot randomised controlled trial of a multi-component intervention for improving the nutritional status of RACF residents with dementia. Method Fifteen residents with moderate-severe dementia living in a secure long-term RACF participated in a five week pilot study. Participants were randomly allocated to either an Intervention (n=8) or Control group (n=7). The intervention comprised four elements delivered in a separate dining room at lunch and dinner: the systematic reinforcement of residents’ eating behaviors using a specific communication protocol; family-style dining; high ambiance table presentation; and routine Dietary-Nutrition Champion supervision. Control group participants ate their meals according to the facility’s standard practice. Baseline and follow-up assessments of nutritional status, food consumption, and body mass index were obtained by qualified nutritionists. Additional assessments included measures of cognitive functioning, mealtime agitation, depression, wandering status and multiple measures of intervention fidelity. Results No participant was malnourished at study commencement and participants in both groups gained weight from follow-up to baseline which was not significantly different between groups (t=0.43; p=0.67). A high degree of treatment fidelity was evident throughout the intervention. Qualitative data from staff indicate the intervention was perceived to be beneficial for residents. Conclusions This multi-component nutritional intervention was well received and was feasible in the RACF setting. Participants’ sound nutritional status at baseline likely accounts for the lack of an intervention effect. Further research using this protocol in malnourished residents is recommended. For success, a collaborative approach between researchers and facility staff, particularly dietary staff, is essential.

Low Temperature Properties of PI/SiO_2 Nanocomposite Films

In this paper, the mechanical properties of PI/Si_O, nanocomposite hybrid films with different silica doping levels are experimentally studied at low temperature. Experimental results show that the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the PI/Si_O, nanocomposite hybrid films gradually reduces when the ambiance temperature is decreased. At the liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K), the CTE value is about five times less than that at room temperature (287 K). The measured CTEs of hybrid films greatly decrease when doped with inorganic silica, especially when the silica doping level is more than 1 wt.%. However, too high silica contents (more than 10 wt.%) can cause problem to disperse effectively and the specimens become quite opaque. Experimental results also show that the effects of the pre-applied stress levels can be neglected on the CTE testing. When the ambient temperature changes from 287 to 77 K, the measured average values of the films' ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus increase about 60 and 90%, respectively, while the breaking elongation decreases about 42%.

Interpretações de linguagens artísticas em Gerd Bornheim

Este estudo propõe uma leitura histórico-cultural das interpretações de Gerd Bornheim (1929-2002), destacando a temática da linguagem, sobretudo das linguagens artísticas. A partir dessas expressões, as colocações críticas de Bornheim a respeito da estética e filosofia da arte apresentam um panorama dos questionamentos. Nesse sentido, são notáveis em seus trabalhos as reflexões sobre o teatro e a música. A linguagem teatral permite o acesso às outras atividades artísticas (poesia, música, artes plásticas, cinema) de forma livre e aberta. A linguagem musical, em consonância com a teatral, corrobora a pesquisa de Bornheim, que observou o processo criativo, a comunicação, o papel da interpretação (advento da crítica) e as rupturas nas poéticas contemporâneas. Tal itinerário sublinha a pesquisa que Bornheim realizou na França nas décadas de 1950 e 1960-70. O estímulo dessa atmosfera, marcada pelo diálogo entre filosofia, ciências sociais, psicologia, psicanálise, história, antropologia, linguística, comunicação, teatro e música foi decisivo para ele. Esses pontos são importantes para a apreensão do tema da linguagem e sua ambiência histórica, na qual Bornheim revela outras perspectivas de pesquisa. O pano de fundo é a crise da metafísica e os novos parâmetros para se pensar a dialética, a teoria e a prática. O diagnóstico de tal crise estende-se também à estética. Por conseguinte, o entendimento das ideias de Bornheim conduz aos temas da diferença e alteridade na contemporaneidade. Com isso, persegue-se um percurso temático que aborda: a linguagem e o problema da comunicação a partir da ligação das interpretações de Bornheim com as de Sartre e Merleau-Ponty. Além disso, o surgimento da crítica e os questionamentos da normatividade ética e estética levam à discussão das motivações coincidentes entre artes e ciências. Por fim, a linguagem musical enfatiza ainda o processo de transformação da subjetividade, que propicia uma percepção mais ampla das expressões artísticas e culturais.

Museos y turismo: expectativas y realidades

Cap. 1. La interrelación entre los sistemas turístico y patrimonial: más allá de los discursos apologéticos y las prácticas reduccionistas. Iñaki Arrieta Urtizberea Cap. 2. Turistas y museos. Apocalípticos e integrados. José Antonio Donaire. Cap. 3. Turismo cultural. Ficciones sobre realidades, realidades sobre invenciones. Agustín Santana Talavera, Pablo Díaz Rodríguez y Alberto Jonay Rodríguez Darias. Cap. 4. ¿Museos a la deriva o continentes a la deriva?: consecuencias de la crisis financiera para los museos de América del Norte, Yves Bergeron. Cap. 5. Patrimonio histórico, turismo, economía: ¿un desafío o una alianza? El caso de Populonia (Toscana, Italia). Daniele Manacorda. Cap. 6. Diagnóstico posrevolucionario en Túnez: delirio turístico, fiebre museística y la locura del jazmín. Habib Saidi. Cap. 7. Patrimonio etnológico: ¿recurso socioeconómico o instrumento sociopolítico? El caso de los Astilleros Nereo de Málaga. Esther Fernández de Paz. Cap. 8. De Rampas y Pasarelas: los museos Guggenheim como espacios artísticos genéricos. Sophia Carmen Vackimes. Cap. 9. El patrimonio como fuente de desarrollo sostenible en las regiones del interior norte de Portugal: el caso del municipio de Vieira do Minho. Eduardo Jorge Duque. Cap. 10. Museos, turismo y desarrollo local: el caso de Belmonte, Portugal. Luís Silva. Cap. 11. ¿Existen razones de eficiencia económica en las decisiones de cierre parcial de algunos museos locales? Análisis del caso del Museo Darder (Banyoles) en el contexto de los museos de Cataluña. Gabriel Alcalde, Josep Burch, Modest Fluvià, Ricard Rigall i Torrent y Albert Saló.

O acolhimento de usuários no centro cirúrgico e a humanização das práticas cotidianas do cuidado de enfermagem

Falar da humanização é retomar a tradição do ocidente de pensar o lugar que o ser humano ocupa no mundo, nas inter-relações com seus semelhantes, na esfera social e também de saúde, em uma ética e solidariedade. Para uma prática de cuidados humanizada, o início destes cuidados deve ocorrer com o acolhimento do usuário em todos os setores, entre eles o Centro Cirúrgico. Este estudo tem como objetivo geral: compreender o processo de acolhimento no cotidiano da assistência de enfermagem no Centro Cirúrgico a partir da diretriz: acolhimento, ambiência e clínica ampliada da Política Nacional de Humanização. E como objetivos específicos: descrever o acolhimento do usuário durante as práticas cotidianas do cuidado de enfermagem no Centro Cirúrgico; analisar as experiências de acolhimento na perspectiva dos usuários no Centro Cirúrgico durante as práticas cotidianas do cuidado de enfermagem e identificar as estratégias utilizadas durante o cuidado de enfermagem no Centro Cirúrgico que concretizam a viabilização da diretriz: acolhimento, ambiência e clínica ampliada. Para dar conta do estudo selecionamos a abordagem etnometodológica, caráter exploratório. O cenário do estudo foi um hospital da rede estadual do Rio de Janeiro e os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada realizada com 18 usuários em pós-operatório e observação participante no Centro Cirúrgico. Em seguida submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin, emergindo três categorias: A recepção do usuário no Centro Cirúrgico; caracterização da realização do acolhimento na recepção do Centro Cirúrgico na perspectiva do usuário e estratégias de cuidado direcionadas para ambiência, acolhimento e clínica ampliada. Conclui-se que compreender o processo de acolhimento no cotidiano da assistência de enfermagem somente foi possível pelo compartilhamento de experiências de usuários que utilizaram os serviços da unidade. O cuidado de enfermagem neste ambiente foi identificado a partir de duas práxis: na recepção do paciente para cirurgia eletiva e diferentemente para cirurgia de emergência. O ambiente do Centro Cirúrgico gera no usuário uma gama de sentimentos e há um imaginário em torno do evento cirúrgico e deste espaço. No que se refere à diretriz, o cuidado de enfermagem neste setor atende parcialmente ao que esta estabelecido. Um caminho para a viabilização da PNH e da diretriz: acolhimento, ambiência e clínica ampliada é a educação continuada em serviço que deve não somente dispor da política em sua teoria, mas desenvolver métodos para que a torne concreta e palpável promovendo melhoria no cuidado de enfermagem.

Comunicação e juventude no Morro da Mangueira : o espaço da Comunidade da Candelária

Esse trabalho é uma imersão em campo, uma pesquisa qualitativa que esteve em contato direto com seu objeto, um grupo de jovens que se autodenominam de ratos. Esses jovens são moradores do Morro da Mangueira, mais precisamente da favela da Candelária, localizada na Zona Norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. As questões levantadas estão ligadas às relações sociais do cotidiano, como esses jovens são capazes de utilizar o corpo, em sua plenitude, e as tecnologias de informação e comunicação para construírem suas narrativas. São histórias contadas através das experiências do cotidiano, que os ajudam a demarcar suas territorialidades e os lugares, ambiências compartilhadas pelos afetos e, também, desafetos. Em campo, na Candelária, a pesquisa busca problematizar as relações corporais, o corpo como meio de comunicação em busca de sociabilidade, de reconhecimento social e cultural. A partir de uma questão levantada pelos próprios ratos, durante a pesquisa de campo, se percebeu a necessidade de imergir em um novo suporte de exploração comunicacional, as redes sociais da Internet, uma exploração netnografica. As relações entre os dois campos de exploração e análise foram fundamentais para uma melhor problematização dos processos de comunicação adotados por esses jovens. Foi importante perceber como as relações sociais de amizade, em meio ao grupo de amigos, e a configuração das noções de grupo, tribo e comunidade se configuram a partir da comunicação cotidiana. As análises de campo se basearam pelas apropriações e ressignificações da linguagem comunicativa, do corpo comunicativo e dos usos dos suportes de comunicação tecnológicos

Alessandro Baricco littérature, musique, peinture, cinéma, etc.

Dans l'oeuvre contemporaine d'Alessandro Baricco, des références de toutes sortes attirent l'attention de ceux et celles qui s'intéressent aux récits et romans de l'écrivain italien. De cette esthétique néo-baroque, c'est la rencontre avec d'autres formes d'art qui nous a ici interpelée. Autant sur le plan formel que thématique, les références à la musique, à la peinture et au cinéma, entre autres, offrent de remarquables exemples d'intermédialité. Cette diversité de disciplines convoquées dans le texte de Châteaux de la colère (1995), Soie (1997), Océan mer (1998), City (2001) et Novecento : pianiste (1997), constitue l'originalité forte de l'oeuvre de Baricco. Ces formes artistiques produisent une ambiance qui plonge le lecteur dans le domaine de l'art et accorde à l'auteur la possibilité de déployer avec une grande maîtrise de moyens et d'effets son style unique. Les renvois intermédiatiques relevant principalement des personnages soutiennent les propos de Baricco au sujet de l'art : ils permettent d'établir l'importance qu'accorde ce dernier au métalangage artistique et à la création sous toutes ses formes. Par là, il devient possible de mieux comprendre sa propre oeuvre littéraire qui valorise, au détriment de la prétention réaliste, une fantaisie ludique qui relève du spectaculaire. Le premier chapitre présente les procédés formels au service de la musicalité dans l'écriture de Baricco et les personnages de musiciens - ou en lien avec la musique - qui évoquent cette forme artistique privilégiée. Dans le deuxième chapitre, il est question des moyens techniques qui permettent aux textes de Baricco de rappeler l'art pictural ainsi que des personnages qui, par le truchement de la peinture, tiennent un discours sur la création artistique. Dans le troisième et dernier chapitre, nous nous intéressons à la structure romanesque qui, par diverses stratégies formelles, imite le scénario. Les personnages qui renvoient à l'art dramatique sont aussi abordés, de façon à tenir compte de la vision artistique qu'ils mettent en place. Enfin, la conclusion nous permet, à la lumière des informations recueillies, de relever les effets entrainés i.e. [entraînés] par ces jeux intermédiatiques. Celle-ci est aussi pour nous l'occasion de dégager, en son caractère unitaire, la vision artistique à l'oeuvre chez Baricco.

Mealtime experiences of hospitalized older patients requiring a puree consistency diet

Le concept d’Hôpital Promoteur de Santé (HPS) a pris beaucoup d’importance depuis son élaboration vers la fin des années quatre-vingt. Dans le contexte de la dernière réforme, le réseau montréalais des HPS et CSSS a été créé. Le Centre Universitaire de Santé McGill (CUSM) fait partie de ce réseau depuis 2007. Cette étude vise la création d’un milieu hospitalier promoteur de la santé pour les patients et s’adresse à l’expérience d’un repas pour les personnes âgées nécessitant une diète purée. Une étude de cas qualitative a été utilisée pour explorer la perception de patients vis-à-vis les aspects relatifs à leur cabaret, l’assistance qu’ils recevaient et le contexte social de leur repas. Les impressions des professionnels de la santé quant à l’expérience des patients ont aussi été obtenues. Les résultats indiquent que l’identification difficile des aliments en purée, la saveur, l’apparence et la variété sont tous des éléments qui affectent négativement leur expérience repas. Des sentiments d’impuissance ont aussi été rapportés par les patients et les professionnels de la santé. Le contexte social du repas a été souligné comme étant un aspect à cibler pour améliorer l’expérience des patients. Un programme utilisant des purées formées pourrait contrecarrer les effets négatifs de la prescription d’une diète purée. Des changements dans les pratiques infirmières, à savoir la création d’une ambiance sociale agréable au moment des repas, semble être une option peu couteuse qui pourrait améliorer l’expérience repas des patients et diminuer les sentiments d’impuissance relevés par les professionnels de la santé à l’égard de cet aspect de soin.

Sofia Gubaidulina's violin concerto Offertorium : theology and music in dialogue

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de comprendre comment une certaine vision du monde, basée sur des croyances théologiques, a contribué à la composition du concerto pour violon Offertorium de Sofia Gubaïdulina. C’est par le biais de cette œuvre qu’est explorée l’idée du dialogue musicothéologique, en proposant des façons par lesquelles la pièce musicale en question peut servir de porteuse ou d’interprète d’une pensée théologique. Afin d’appuyer cette idée, la démarche intertextuelle employée par Heidi Epstein est utilisée. Cette méthode permet de faciliter non seulement le travail interdisciplinaire, mais aussi la lecture théologique de l’œuvre musicale. Le premier chapitre explore les sources, les questions et la problématique qui entoure le dialogue musicothéologique. La conclusion tirée est que l’étude d’Offertorium nécessite une approche équilibrée. Nous entendons par cela, une approche qui prend en ligne de compte la réflexion théologique autant que la recherche musicologique tout en respectant les contributions théologiques que l’œuvre musicale peut apporter en soi. Dans le deuxième chapitre, une analyse thématique d’Offertorium a été tentée ainsi qu’une étude du discours théologique et spirituel de la compositrice. Il a été conclu que l’arrière-plan russe orthodoxe de Gubaidulina a beaucoup influencé sa vision du monde et son approche artistique. Le concerto est porteur d’idées et de symboles liturgiques ou théologiques de l’Orthodoxie dans sa structure et dans sa construction thématique. Le troisième chapitre explore les parallèles entre la pensée de Gubaidulina et les écritures de plusieurs théologiens russes orthodoxes du 20e siècle. La conclusion de ce chapitre démontre que, même s’il est improbable que la compositrice connaisse bien ces auteurs, sa compréhension théologique et spirituelle sort du climat religieux de l’Église Orthodoxe. Cette idée explique les complémentarités et les similarités entre son discours, son œuvre et les propos des théologiens discutés. Le quatrième chapitre évalue la validité d’Offertorium comme moyen d’expression théologique ainsi que de générateur de réflexion théologique. La conclusion de la recherche est qu’Offertorium peut bel et bien être un espace théologique. Ce qui veut dire que des idées théologiques peuvent être communiquées par le biais de l’expérience sonore que ce soit par la mélodie ou l’ambiance générale. Également, cela implique que la musique devient un partenaire égal, quoique différent des méthodes de réflexion traditionnelles au sein de la conversation théologique.

Les assassinats ciblés, facette méconnue de la guerre israélo-palestinienne

L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’analyser les impacts et l’efficacité de la politique d’assassinats ciblés d’Israël dans le cadre du conflit israélo-palestinien. Pour ce faire, trois angles d’approches sont utilisés; militaire, légale et politique. Pour cette raison, l’hypothèse de départ soutient que la politique compromet la résolution du conflit et se divise en trois sections. Tout d’abord, les assassinats ciblés nuisent au règlement du conflit car ils engendrent un cycle de représailles contre Israël. Deuxièmement, ils représentent une violation du droit international ainsi que du droit national israélien. Finalement, ils sont un sérieux obstacle à la résolution politique du conflit dû au climat de violence et de méfiance qu’ils instaurent. Dans la conclusion, il est retenu que, bien que la politique d’assassinats ciblés ne soit pas efficace pour lutter contre les organisations terroristes, elle n’engendre cependant pas d’effet contreproductif de cycle de violence. Dans un second temps, la politique va à l’encontre de lois internationales mais elle peut cependant être justifiée par certains articles issus de ces mêmes textes alors que la Cour suprême israélienne a reconnu que certaines opérations pouvaient s’avérées légales. Troisièmement, elle nuit bel et bien à la résolution politique du conflit israélopalestinien en exacerbant les tensions de par le climat qu’elle instaure. Finalement, les nombreux impacts de celle-ci sur le conflit n’en font pas une politique efficace.