Organizational and direct support maintenance repair and special tools list : shop equipment, electrical repair, semitrailer mounted (southwest truck body model SER), serial no. range S-4-629 thru S-4-663 (NSN 4940-00-165-4020), serial no. range S-4-001 thur [sic] S-4-078 (NSN 4940-00-159-8847), serial no. range SER-1001 thur [sic] SER-1078 (NSN 4940-01-022-5322).

"April 1982."

Operator's, organizational and direct support maintenance manual : shop equipment, electrical repair, semi-trailer mounted : (Southwest Truck Body model SER), serial no. range S-4-629 thru S-4-663, NSN 4940-00-165-4020, serial no. range S-4001 thru S-4-078, NSN 4940-00-159-8847, serial no. range SER-1001 thru SER-1078, NSN 4940-01-022-5322.

Includes index.

Direct and general support and depot maintenance manual : improved float bridge (ribbon bridge) class 70, transporter (CONDEC model 2280 and 2305, PACAR model 9999) (NSN 5420-00-071-5321), Ramp bay (CONDEC model 2281 and 2306, space model 6698R) (NSN 5420-00-497-5276), interior bay (CONDEC model 2282 and 2307, space model 6698 I) (NSN 5420-00-071-5322).

Includes index.

Operator's and organizational maintenance manual : improved float bridge (ribbon bridge) consisting of transporter (CONDEC model no. 2280) (NSN 5420-00-071-5321), interior bay (CONDEC model no. 2282) (NSN 5420-00-071-5322), ramp bay (CONDEC model no. 2281) (NSN 5420-00-497-5276).

Includes index.

Room-temperature tilted-target sputtering deposition of highly transparent and low sheet resistance Al doped ZnO electrodes

Target-tilted room temperature sputtering of aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) provides transparent conducting electrodes with sheet resistances of <10 Ω □-1 and average transmittance in the visible region of up to 84%. The properties of the AZO electrode are found to be strongly dependent on the target-tilting angle and film thickness. The AZO electrodes showed comparable performance to commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. OPV devices containing a bulk heterojunction active layer comprised of poly(3-n-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and an AZO transparent conducting electrode had a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 2.5% with those containing ITO giving a PCE of 2.6%. These results demonstrate that AZO films are a good alternative to ITO for transparent conducting electrodes.

Acceleration of the Cosmological Expansion as an Effect of Inhomogeneities

The cosmological observations of light from type Ia supernovae, the cosmic microwave background and the galaxy distribution seem to indicate that the expansion of the universe has accelerated during the latter half of its age. Within standard cosmology, this is ascribed to dark energy, a uniform fluid with large negative pressure that gives rise to repulsive gravity but also entails serious theoretical problems. Understanding the physical origin of the perceived accelerated expansion has been described as one of the greatest challenges in theoretical physics today. In this thesis, we discuss the possibility that, instead of dark energy, the acceleration would be caused by an effect of the nonlinear structure formation on light, ignored in the standard cosmology. A physical interpretation of the effect goes as follows: due to the clustering of the initially smooth matter with time as filaments of opaque galaxies, the regions where the detectable light travels get emptier and emptier relative to the average. As the developing voids begin to expand the faster the lower their matter density becomes, the expansion can then accelerate along our line of sight without local acceleration, potentially obviating the need for the mysterious dark energy. In addition to offering a natural physical interpretation to the acceleration, we have further shown that an inhomogeneous model is able to match the main cosmological observations without dark energy, resulting in a concordant picture of the universe with 90% dark matter, 10% baryonic matter and 15 billion years as the age of the universe. The model also provides a smart solution to the coincidence problem: if induced by the voids, the onset of the perceived acceleration naturally coincides with the formation of the voids. Additional future tests include quantitative predictions for angular deviations and a theoretical derivation of the model to reduce the required phenomenology. A spin-off of the research is a physical classification of the cosmic inhomogeneities according to how they could induce accelerated expansion along our line of sight. We have identified three physically distinct mechanisms: global acceleration due to spatial variations in the expansion rate, faster local expansion rate due to a large local void and biased light propagation through voids that expand faster than the average. A general conclusion is that the physical properties crucial to account for the perceived acceleration are the growth of the inhomogeneities and the inhomogeneities in the expansion rate. The existence of these properties in the real universe is supported by both observational data and theoretical calculations. However, better data and more sophisticated theoretical models are required to vindicate or disprove the conjecture that the inhomogeneities are responsible for the acceleration.

Giant photoinduced optical bleaching at room and liquid helium temperatures in Sb/As(2)S(3) multilayered films

We report the observation of giant photo induced optical bleaching in Sb/As(2)S(3) multilayered film at room and liquid He temperatures, when irradiated with 532 nm laser at moderate intensities. The experimental results show a dramatic increase in transmittance near the band gap regime at both the temperatures; however the rates at which transmission change occurs are rather slow at low temperature. The huge change in transmission is due to the photo induced intermixing of As(2)S(3) layer with Sb. Our XPS measurements show that photo induced intermixing occurs through the wrong homopolar bonds, which under actinic light illumination are converted into energetically favored hetropolar bonds. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vaporization and collision modeling of liquid fuel sprays in a co-axial fuel and air pre-mixer

Droplet collision occurs frequently in regions where the droplet number density is high. Even for Lean Premixed and Pre-vaporized (LPP) liquid sprays, the collision effects can be very high on the droplet size distributions, which will in turn affect the droplet vaporization process. Hence, in conjunction with vaporization modeling, collision modeling for such spray systems is also essential. The standard O'Rourke's collision model, usually implemented in CFD codes, tends to generate unphysical numerical artifact when simulations are performed on Cartesian grid and the results are not grid independent. Thus, a new collision modeling approach based on no-time-counter method (NTC) proposed by Schmidt and Rutland is implemented to replace O'Rourke's collision algorithm to solve a spray injection problem in a cylindrical coflow premixer. The so called ``four-leaf clover'' numerical artifacts are eliminated by the new collision algorithm and results from a diesel spray show very good grid independence. Next, the dispersion and vaporization processes for liquid fuel sprays are simulated in a coflow premixer. Two liquid fuels under investigation are jet-A and Rapeseed Methyl Esters (RME). Results show very good grid independence in terms of SMD distribution, droplet number distribution and fuel vapor mass flow rate. A baseline test is first established with a spray cone angle of 90 degrees and injection velocity of 3 m/s and jet-A achieves much better vaporization performance than RME due to its higher vapor pressure. To improve the vaporization performance for both fuels, a series of simulations have been done at several different combinations of spray cone angle and injection velocity. At relatively low spray cone angle and injection velocity, the collision effect on the average droplet size and the vaporization performance are very high due to relatively high coalescence rate induced by droplet collisions. Thus, at higher spray cone angle and injection velocity, the results expectedly show improvement in fuel vaporization performance since smaller droplet has a higher vaporization rate. The vaporization performance and the level of homogeneity of fuel-air mixture can be significantly improved when the dispersion level is high, which can be achieved by increasing the spray cone angle and injection velocity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The exploration of Kemp's triacid (KTA) as the core for the synthesis of 3-fold symmetric 2(3)-cyclophane, 2(2)-cyclophane and novel linker directed designs

For the first time, two units of KTA have been linked to three units of cyst-di-OMe. The reaction is noteworthy since it involves the formation of six amide bonds leading to a three-fold symmetric 23-cyclophane (3) harboring a cluster of three S-S bridges. The major product is a di-imide (4), arising from the interaction of a cystine NH with a neighbouring activated ester. A third reaction of tethering KTA with a single cyst-di-OMe unit afforded the flexible compound 6 and, with benzidine, the novel linker directed 7 with orthogonally disposed anchor modules.

Allosteric Transition Induced by Mg2+ Ion in a Transactivator Monitored by SERS

We demonstrate the utility of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to monitor conformational transitions in protein upon ligand binding. The changes in protein's secondary and tertiary structures were monitored using amide and aliphatic/aromatic side chain vibrations. Changes in these bands are suggestive of the stabilization of the secondary and tertiary structure of transcription activator protein C in the presence of Mg2+ ion, whereas the spectral fingerprint remained unaltered in the case of a mutant protein, defective in Mg2+ binding. The importance of the acidic residues in Mg2+ binding, which triggers an overall allosteric transition in the protein, is visualized in the molecular model. The present study thus opens up avenues toward the application of SERS as a potential tool for gaining structural insights into the changes occurring during conformational transitions in proteins.

Estudio epidemiológico de la prevalencia de tuberculosis bovina, en el municipio de San Pedro de Lóvago, departamento de Chontales

El estudio se realizó en el municipio de San Pedro de Lóvago , departamento de Chontales , el cual comprende 18 Comarcas. La zona presenta coordenadas a 12° 07’ latitud norte y 85° 07’ latitud oeste y a una altura de 340 m.s.n.m , con una temperatura promedio de 26°, el clima del municipio es semi húmedo conocido como de sabana tropical, su precipitación varía entre 1200 y 1400mm, se encuentra a 193 Km. de la capital, con una extensión territorial de 604 kms cuadrados y una población aproximada de 700 habitantes. El trabajo se realizó en 5322 bovinos de ambos sexos pertenecientes a las 18 comarcas del municipio de San Pedro de Lóvago, de los cuales 142 eran machos y 5180 hembras, la edad mínima de los animales fue de seis meses. Con el objeto de determinar la Prevalencia de tuberculosis en el municipio de San Pedro de Lóvago, se realizaron pruebas diagnosticas individuales utilizando para esto la prueba alérgica de tuberculina PPD. Se aplicó una dosis de 0.1 ml de PPD bovino en el pliegue anocaudal, según el Reglamento del Programa Nacional de Vigilancia epidemiológica(PROVESA,2005. RESULTADOS x Encontrándose 18 animales reactores a la prueba de tuberculina (18/5322), representando el 0.34 % (Tabla No. 1). DISCUSIÓN Estos resultados son menores a los valores reportados por estudios realizados en los municipios del Almendro que obtuvo 24 animales reactores, el coral 20 animales, pero son superiores a los obtenido en el Municipio de Nueva Guinea con 12 animales y Muelle de los Bueyes con 1 animal rector (PROVESA, 2005). La Prevalencia encontrada en el estudio pudo ser influenciada por el tipo de explotación, la introducción de animales en los hatos, el manejo y el medio ambiente. La Comarca Llanos de los Pedros obtuvo la mayor frecuencia de animales reactores a la tuberculina. Aquí los animales permanecen la mayor parte del tiempo en corrales, o semiestabulado, aunque salen a pastar en potreros reducidos. Finalmente es necesario recordar que a estos animales reactores se le realizó la prueba comparativa a los 60 días después de haber realizado la primera prueba diagnóstica y dió como resultado un 0% de animales positivos a la tuberculina. Esto puede deberse a que los animales reaccionaron como falsos positivos, es decir que estábamos en presencia de un Mycrobacterium atípicos.

The magnetic jet theory of double source in radio galaxy

The two-dimensional accelerating theory about solar wind is applied to the study of theaccelerating process of jet beam in the radio galaxy. The flowing features are given with theanalytic method, and the basic flow is along the direction of the jet beam. The mechanism ofacceleration from subsonic to supersonic flow is discussed. At the same time, some fine struc-tures about the double sources in the radio galaxy are explained.

Persistence of viable but non-culturable bacteria during the production and distribution of drinking water

The direct measurement of in situ respiring bacteria using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) shows that, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, large numbers of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria are present in finished water from a conventional water treatment plant, and the regrowth of bacteria along distribution networks can be seen rapidly by using this very sensitive technique. The level of bacterial inactivation with chlorine is much less important than has been previously supposed (based on experiments with non-injured laboratory strains of bacteria and classical culture techniques). Threshold values of VBNC bacteria leaving water treatment plants or regrowing along distribution systems have to be determined for better control of coliform regrowth and health- risks associated with the consumption of drinking water.

Frances E. W. Harper and Pauline E. Hopkins: the uplifting of black women through literature

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar duas influentes autoras afro-americanas do século XIX, Frances E. W. Harper e Pauline E. Hopkins. Ambas as autoras, através de seus romances Iola Leroy, or, Shadows Uplifted (1892) e Contending Forces: a Romance Illustrative of Negro Life North and South (1900) respectivamente, entrelaçam ficção e história com o propósito de criar novas alternativas de discurso, afastando-se, portanto, do oficial. Ademais, o presente trabalho propõe demonstrar como Frances Harper e Pauline Hopkins fazem uso do espaço literário com a finalidade de escrever a história do oprimido, permitindo, principalmente, que as mulheres afro-americanas dessem voz as suas experiências e as suas próprias histórias. Assim sendo, a literatura produzida por Frances e Harper e Pauline Hopkins será analisada como forma de empoderamento da comunidade afro-americana, principalmente como forma de aquisição de poder para as Mulheres Afro-Americanas.

微囊藻毒素分子致毒机理研究近况

<正> 目前,日趋严重的水体富营养化使水华发生已成为全球性环境问题,产生水华的藻类因而也受到越来越多的重视。海洋赤潮中甲藻所产生的毒素已引起人类的严重的中毒事件,虽然淡水水华还未发现引起人类急性中毒事件,但由于饮用发生水华水体的水而导致家畜、家禽及野生动物死亡的事件频繁发生,淡水水华已引起科学家的关注。微囊