Poéticas do testemunho em Maurice Blanchot e Samuel Beckett : o dom da literatura

Tese de doutoramento, Estudos da Literatura e da Cultura (Estudos Comparatistas), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2014

O (in)dizível em Uma aventura secreta do Marquês de Bradomín de Teresa Veiga

A dissertação baseia-se numa leitura do conto “Uma aventura secreta do marquês de Bradomín”. Este texto narrativo destaca questões relacionadas com a ficção contemporânea portuguesa, como a construção da personagem com estatuto de protagonista, oscilando entre ser real e ser ficcional, a autoria feminina, a importância do dizer e do silêncio. A personagem feminina apresenta a sua história partilhada com o marquês de Bradomín e os sentidos mudam em consonância com as condições temporal e discursiva; a simbologia torna-se um acto de ideologia e de interpretação, uma vez que a expressividade humana está para além das palavras, produzindo silêncios enquanto se discursa. A personagem escreve por palavras que ocultam outras, que são apenas aludidas e, como a narradora recorre à memória, o seu texto discursivo pode apresentar-se de forma lacunar, com a desculpa do esquecimento. Neste caso, os sentidos podem ser sempre outros e o (in)dizível persiste.

DAS GESPRÄCH ZWISCHEN HÖLDERLIN, HEGEL UND SCHELLING ÜBER KANTS ANTINOMIEN

«Die Art, wie er den Mechanismus der Natur mit ihrer Zweckmäßigkeit vereiniget, scheint mir eigentlich den ganzen Geist seines Systems zu enthalten»: This quotation, which originated the present essay, is solely extracted from a letter sent by Hölderlin to Hegel, and yet, it condensates three different approaches from the three Tübingen friends to the problem of Kant’s philosophy of religion and to its possible resolution between 1795 and 1796. From this epistolary dialogue emerges a simultaneous study of Kant, originated by the growing dissension towards the orthodox thought of the Stift. The turning point – or the maximum cumulative point – of this discordance happens precisely with the discovery of the «spirit of Kant’s system», as a combined explanation of the religious and philosophical phenomena [«Die Art, wie er den Mechanismus der Natur mit ihrer Zweckmässigkeit vereiniget»]. This, I think, is something which the three friends discover gradually and not independently from the concept of «providence», which Kant himself, according to Hölderlin, had used to «attenuate his antinomies», which Hegel uses in his first religious writings and the initial formation of his own philosophy and which Schelling will later explore in his System of Transcendental Idealism. In a word, providence is consensually the comprehension axis between man, God and nature and, thus, the explanatory link between the antinomical poles which regulate human existence. On the other hand, however – this being the aspect I would like to stress –, this decisive moment for a whole generation, for the history of philosophy itself, means the consummation of a new revolutionary perspective born in Kant, a new vision of the absolute and the divine and, therefore, a new way to write philosophy about philosophy, less philosophical than before, to the extent that the new situation of man and his reflection within the problem ultimately destined them – as is the case in the three young philosophers – to silence and death. The final aim of this essay is, therefore, to know what this «last step of philosophy» is and what dies along with it, what such a step may have meant and what it already foretold in terms of the development of philosophy.