258 resultados para Sensibilidade térmica
Resumo:
The removal study was conducted using 1.00 g of the rice husk ash (RHA) and 20.0 mL solution with concentrations in the range of 10-1000 mg/L of Zn(II). The influence of contact time, initial metal concentration, agitation and pH of the removal process was investigated. Superior removals to 95% were obtained at the end of 24 h of contact. The agitation increased in 20% the removal of Zn(II), being needed only 5 min to reach the equilibrium. The adsorption process was studied by the models of isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich and BET, obtaining results of R L and 1/n for a process favorable of adsorption. BET isotherm best represents the equilibrium adsorption. The results showed that the RHA has the largest capacity and affinity for the removal of Zn(II).
Resumo:
The high cost of sensitivity commercial calorimeters may represent an obstacle for many calorimetric research groups. This work describes the construction and calibration of a batch differential heat conduction calorimeter with sample cells volumes of about 400 μL. The calorimeter was built using two small high sensibility square Peltier thermoelectric sensors and the total cost was estimated to be about US$ 500. The calorimeter was used to study the excess enthalpy of solution of binary mixtures of liquids, as a function of composition, for the following binary systems of solvents: water + 1,4-dioxane or + dimethylsulfoxide at 298,2 ± 0,5 K.
Resumo:
A laboratory experiment that enables the professor to introduce the problematic of sustainable development in pharmaceutical chemistry to undergraduate students is proposed, using a simple synthetic procedure. Cholesteryl acetate is prepared by the esterification of cholesterol using Montmorillonite K10 as heterogeneous catalyst. Cholesterol and cholesteryl acetate are characterized by spectroscopic (¹H RMN, 13C RMN, FTIR) and thermal analysis techniques. The thermal methods are used to introduce the concepts of polymorphism and the nature of mesophases.
Resumo:
Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are used in pharmaceutical studies for drugs characterization, purity, formulations compatibility, polymorphism identification, stability evaluation, and thermal decomposition of drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. Simvastatin showed fusion at 138.5 ºC and thermal stability up to 248 ºC. Simvastatin was incompatible with preservative excipient butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) performing a process of crystal amorphization. The drug showed morphological polymorphism, where it has the same unit cell but with different crystal habits according to the recrystallization solvent.
Resumo:
An evaluation was made of the properties of sugarcane bagasse during the storage process for subsequent burning in a boiler. Samples of bagasse were collected over a period of 150 days from the Caeté sugar mill (MG) at various points of the stockpile soon after the sugarcane was pressed to extract its juice, as well as from natural bagasse, dry and damp. Thermal analyses of the samples were carried out and the results indicated that, during the storage of bagasse, dry or damp, the biomass loses up to 32% of its calorific power, due to decomposition of the hemicellulose.
Resumo:
Several matters of the pharmaceutical demonstrate the great importance of thermal analysis application, especially TG and DSC for the pharmaceutical industry future, namely: characterization of the drugs with the thermal events definition, in studies of drug purity, in the polymorphs identification, in compatibility studies of solid dosage pharmaceutical formulations, in drugs and pharmaceutical formulations thermal stability, and in determination of shelf life for isothermal degradation kinetics by extrapolation using the Arrhenius equation. Thus, the test results obtained from thermal analysis are directly related to the quality of a pharmaceutical product, whether the stability or bioavailability of the pharmaceutical product.
Resumo:
Polyethilenetherephtalate (PET) is commonly used in manufacturing of beverage bottles representing a didactic appeal in thermal analysis education due to its presence in the student's day life. Additionally such polymer presents well defined thermal analytical curves and a well known thermal behavior. TGA curve is used to present the thermal stability. The thermal history effects in the thermal properties of a PET sample from a soft drink bottle are used to demonstrate the effect of different heating/cooling conditions on glass transition, melting, crystallization and crystalline degree using DSC curves.
Resumo:
Automotive catalyst, using in Brazil since 1992, is a essential technology for vehicular emissions control. Noble metals are the active phase of these catalysts, and cerium zirconium mixed oxides (CZ), responsibles for the oxygen storage capacity (OSC), one of the most important aspect for the operational performance of the catalyst. In this context, the oxireduction properties analysis of CZ and Pd/CZ (palladium supported in CZ) system are the objective of this study, as well as, the impact of the thermal aging in the OSC. Aging consisted of treatments at 900 or 1200 °C, for 12 or 36 h, in oxidizing condition.
Resumo:
An Nb2O|Cu corrosion-resistant coating was developed and applied onto AISI 1020 steel substrate by Powder Flame Spray. A galvanostatic electrochemical technique was employed, with and without ohmic drop, in four different soils (two corrosively aggressive and two less aggressive). Behavior of coatings in different soils was compared using a cathodic hydrogen reduction reaction (equilibrium potential, overvoltage and exchange current density) focusing on the effect of ohmic drop. Results allow recommendation of Nb2O5|Cu composite for use in buried structure protection.
Resumo:
The oxidation of sulphur compounds upon burning emits large quantities of SOx into the atmosphere. Therefore, there is growing interest in fast and accurate methods for analyzing sulphur content in fuels. The objective of this work was to compare four different methods of total sulphur determination in solid fuels. The methods used in this work were Eschka, Infrared, Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD) and Ultraviolet Fluorescence Detection (UV). The preliminary results showed that TCD and UV methods (nonstandard methods for solid fuels) have similar precision to the infrared method (standard method) for high-sulphur coal samples.
Resumo:
Em experimentos conduzidos no campo, na safra 2000, avaliou-se a sensibilidade do oídio do trigo nas cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum) BR 23 e OR 1 a alguns fungicidas. As avaliações da intensidade da doença foram feitas com base na incidência, severidade e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença, realizadas aos sete, 14 e 21 dias após a pulverização dos fungicidas. O fungo agente causal do oídio, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, mostrou-se sensível aos fungicidas sistêmicos em ambas as cultivares. A maior sensibilidade foi ao fungicida triadimenol, considerando-se os valores absolutos na porcentagem de controle da doença. O enxofre, pelo curto período de proteção, não tem potencial de uso em trigo. Os danos no rendimento de grãos foram de 32% e 79% respectivamente para 'BR 23' e 'OR 1'. O controle do oídio, mesmo em cultivares altamente suscetíveis, como 'OR 1', pode ser eficientemente realizado com fungicidas sistêmicos recomendados pela pesquisa, não sendo detectada insensibilidade do fungo aos mesmos. No entanto, deve-se evitar o uso de sub-dose e controlar a doença com a incidência recomendada pela pesquisa com base no limiar de dano econômico.
Resumo:
O cancro cítrico, causado por Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) é uma das principais doenças na produção de citros em diversas regiões do mundo. A aplicação de produtos químicos com ação bactericida é uma das principais medidas adotadas para o controle dessa doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a sensibilidade de isolados Xac ao cobre, bem como à mistura de cobre com mancozeb. A maior concentração de cobre em que foi observado crescimento de isolados de Xac foi de 50 µg/mL. Entretanto, 45,5 % dos isolados da bactéria provenientes de pomares que receberam aplicações freqüentes de cobre cresceram na presença de 50 µg/mL de cobre, contra apenas 13,4 % dos isolados oriundos de pomares que não receberam pulverizações regulares do bactericida. A presença de mancozeb em mistura com cúpricos reduziu a sensibilidade ao cobre dos isolados de Xac. Desta forma, o mancozeb não deve ser utilizado em mistura com cobre para o controle do cancro cítrico.
Resumo:
A calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) foi utilizada na caracterização do acetato de dexametazona (princípio ativo), álcool cetílico, emulgin, polawax, nipagim-M (excipientes). O princípio ativo também foi investigado utilizando-se a termogravimetria (TG) e espectroscopia de absorção na região do ultravioleta e visível (UV-VIS). Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar a estabilidade térmica e o ponto de fusão do princípio ativo, bem como o ponto de fusão dos excipientes utilizados na fabricação do creme de dexametazona.