110 resultados para Zimmerman, L. M. (Leander M.), b. 1860.
Resumo:
A resistência do solo ao cisalhamento é uma importante propriedade dinâmica do solo, a qual vem sendo desconsiderada na maioria das pesquisas que investigam a influência do uso e manejo, assim como os estados de consistência , sobre o comportamento da estrutura dos solos agrÃcolas. Isto tem contribuÃdo para a adoção de estratégias quase sempre equivocadas, tendo, como conseqüência, o depauperamento das propriedades fÃsicas e mecânicas do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resistência ao cisalhamento de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico submetido ao preparo convencional e semeadura direta, tendo, como tratamento-testemunha, o cerradão, considerando diferentes conteúdos de água: 0,05; 0,16; 0,18 e 0,38 kg kg-1. Com base nos resultados encontrados, verificou-se que a resistência ao cisalhamento do solo, avaliada na profundidade de 0-0,05 m do Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, foi influenciada pelo aumento da umidade, tipo de uso e manejo. De maneira geral, as equações ajustadas conforme o modelo de Coulomb constataram maior resistência do solo ao cisalhamento no cerradão, seguido do preparo convencional e semeadura direta. A menor resistência ao cisalhamento do solo estudado, corroborada pelo menor atrito interno (tg f) e maior coesão aparente (c), especificamente nos teores de água 0,16 e 0,27 kg kg-1 (contemplando, portanto, a faixa friável do solo), confere à semeadura direta a condição de maior possibilidade de preservação da sustentabilidade da estrutura do Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. A predição da tensão de cisalhamento apresentou-se sensÃvel aos efeitos da variação do teor de água no solo, ao tipo de uso, podendo contribuir, particularmente, em estudos da sustentabilidade da estrutura dos solos agrÃcolas, a qual normalmente é comprometida em áreas cujo tráfego e preparo do solo são realizados inadequadamente.
Resumo:
O "protagonismo juvenil" tem tido ampla repercussão na área educacional, principalmente a partir da implementação da reforma curricular do ensino médio, cujas diretrizes adotam esse conceito como um dos pilares das inovações sugeridas. No entanto, o tema é sujeito a diferentes interpretações. Com a preocupação de maior precisão conceitual, este artigo recorre às definições de diversos autores como contraponto para a análise do protagonismo tal como proposto pelo documento oficial da reforma.
Resumo:
Nowadays the catalyst systems based on neodymium are the ones most used in the high cis polybutadiene production. These systems contain a neodymium compound (catalyst), an alkylaluminium compound (cocatalyst) and a halogen compound (halogenating agent). The microstructure, molecular weight characteristics and the reaction activity are influenced by the nature and concentration of catalyst system components. Those characteristics are also affected by the polymerization conditions. This paper presents a brief review on 1,4-cis-butadiene polymerization on neodymium catalysts.
Resumo:
Chemical studies of green leaves of A. tetraphyllum afforded beta-sitosterol, a mixture containing the ethyl esters of long chain carboxylic acids, 30-normethyl-lupan-20-one, hopan-22-ol, phytol, phyten-3(20)-1,2-diol, quercetin and quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and GC analysis. The allelopathic potentials of the crude ethanolic extract and fractions were evaluated against Lactuca sativa (letuce) and Allium cepa (onion) seeds.
Resumo:
We present a theoretical study of molecular properties in C2H4···2HF, C2H2···2HF and C3H6···2HF trimolecular hydrogen-bonded complexes. From B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations, the most important structural deformations are related to the C=C (C2H4), C≡C (C2H2), C-C (C3H6) and HF bond lengths. According to the Bader's atoms in molecules and CHELPG calculations, it was identified a tertiary interaction between the fluorine atom of the second hydrofluoric acid molecule and hydrogen atoms of the ethylene and acetylene within the C2H4···2HF and C2H2···2HF complexes, respectively. Additionally, the evaluation of the infrared spectrum characterized the new vibrational modes and bathochromic effect of the HF molecules.
Resumo:
Planet transformations caused by human intervention in the last 200 years are largely due to chemical impact. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and analyze the environmental perception of undergraduate students and lecturers in the Chemistry course of the Federal University of Lavras, accounting for the topics "Environmental Definition" and "Relationship between Chemistry and Environment". Two thematic axes for discussion were proposed using theories of Social Representation and Environmental Complexity, with the aim of stimulating the conservationist reasoning and actions. Such axes were proposed to give support to the education of chemists at the undergraduate level.
Resumo:
A practical and didactic sequence of experiments was proposed to illustrate the stereochemistry concept, optically active compounds, resolution of racemates, and use of the NMR technique, including 2D-COSY for identification of organic compounds, on a laboratory course for undergraduate students. The sequence was: extractions of racemic ibuprofen and chiral naproxen from commercial tablets; syntheses of diastereoisomeric amides reacting chiral (S)-(-)-α-methylbenzylamine with (±)-ibuprofen; separation and determination of absolute configuration of amides by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and GC analysis, and hydrolysis of amides to obtain (+)- and (-)-ibuprofen.
Resumo:
The new dibromotyrosine derivative 3,5-dibromo-4-[3'dimethylamonium]propoxyphenyl]-N,N,N-trimethylethanamonium, here referred to as aplysfistularine (1), was isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina fistularis along with 2-(3,5-dibromo-4methoxyphenyl)-N,N,N-trimethylethanamonium (2), aplysterol (3) and 24,28-didehydroaplysterol (4). Their identification was performed by mass spectrometry, infrared, ¹H and 13C NMR, and by comparison with literature data. Compound 2 and the mixture of 3 and 4 were tested in vitro (inhibitory activity) with supercoiled DNA relaxation techniques, and showed inhibitory activity on human DNA topoisomerase II-α. Compound 1 was not tested due to paucity of the material.
Resumo:
A new sesquiterpene and twelve known compounds comprising eight flavonoids and four terpenoids, were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots and exudate of Croton muscicarpa Müll. Arg.. Their structures were identified as the terpenoids 6α-methoxy-cyperene, dammaradienol, squalene, acetyl aleuritolic acid and spathulenol, and as the flavonoids retusin, 3,7,4'-trimethoxy kaempferol, ombuine, pachipodol, kaempferol, casticin, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone and artemetin. All isolated compounds were characterized based on IR, MS, ¹H and 13C NMR, including 2D analyses (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) and comparison with data from the literature.
Resumo:
The purpose of this work was to study four different solvent mixtures intended to increase the yield of the extraction stage of clavulanic acid (CA), which is one of the steps in the purification process. Four central composite rotatable designs (CCRD) were utilized to optimize the solvent mixtures. The variables selected for the factorial design were solvent mixture ratio (mL/mL) and temperature (ºC). The results showed that the yield of CA extracted from fermentation broth with the solvent mixtures of methyl-ethyl-ketone and ethyl acetate, and methyl-isobutyl-ketone and ethyl acetate (44.7 and 50.0%, respectively) was higher than that of the individual ethyl acetate alone (36.5%).
Resumo:
Trichoderma stromaticum é um fungo antagonista a Crinipellis perniciosa, agente causal da vassoura-de-bruxa do cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao). Estromas periteciais de Hypocrea sp. formaram-se sobre a superfÃcie de frutos mumificados e vassouras secas de cacaueiros em áreas onde T. stromaticum tinha sido pulverizado, experimentalmente, no controle biológico de C. perniciosa. Ascósporos obtidos dos estromas de Hypocrea sp. originaram colônias idênticas à s de T. stromaticum. DNA genômico de colônias provenientes de ascósporos desta Hypocrea sp., de conÃdios de T. stromaticum e de Fusarium sp. (controle negativo) foi extraÃdo e amplificado com oito "primers" decâmeros para obtenção de marcadores RAPD. Observaram-se similaridades genéticas de 0,82 a 0,96 entre os isolados ascospóricos e conidiais com base nos marcadores RAPD e de 0,06 a 0,09 entre estes e o isolado de Fusarium sp. O teleomorfo de T. stromaticum é denominado H. stromatica Bezerra, Costa & Bastos sp. nov.
Resumo:
A simple, rapid, accurate and inexpensive spectrophotometric method for the determination of tetracycline and doxycycline has been developed. The method is based on the reaction between these drugs and chloramine-T in alkaline medium producing red color products with absorbance maximum at the Λ = 535 and 525 nm for the tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. The best conditions for the reactions have been found using multivariate method. Beer´s law is obeyed in a concentration ranges 1.03 x 10-5 to 3.61 x 10-4 mol L-1 and 1.75 x 10-5 to 3.48 x 10-4 mol L-1 for the tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. The quantification limits were 5.63 x 10-6 mol L-1 and 7.12 x 10-7 mol L-1 for the tetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and the results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by the comparative method at the 95% confidence level.
Resumo:
Os diferentes sistemas de cultivo utilizados pelos agricultores do Semiárido brasileiro apresentam riscos de perdas devido à s irregularidades das chuvas, sendo, portanto, necessário associá-los a práticas que propiciem maior disponibilidade de água no solo durante o ciclo de cultivo. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação de quantidades mÃnimas de água e adubação orgânica na produtividade de feijãocaupi, cultivar BRS-Pujante e de milho, cultivar BRS-Caatingueiro. Os resultados indicam que as maiores produtividades de grãos foram obtidas com o tratamento que associou a irrigação de salvação com a adubação orgânica, sendo para o feijão-caupi de 1.422,5 kg ha-1, e para o milho, de 6.099,1 kg ha-1, seguido pelo tratamento que usou somente a adubação orgânica, para ambas as culturas. Porém, comparando-se o efeito da adubação orgânica aplicada de forma isolada sobre a testemunha, observa-se que ocorreram aumentos de 54,5% e de 237,3% nas produtividades de feijão e de milho, respectivamente, ressaltando a importância do uso da adubação orgânica nas culturas.
Resumo:
The study aimed to determine an optimum angle for the nozzles axial-flow sprayers a deposition for better vertical distribution focused on cashew. In laboratory tests were conducted adjusting the angle of the nozzle axial-flow sprayers. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2x3 factorial with four replications. The treatment for this test were two settings (with and without the adjustment of the angles of the nozzles ) and tree application volumes 273, 699 and 954 L ha-¹.The study was conducted in an orchard of dwarf cashew, with eight years of age. It was concluded that the volumetric distribution profile showed better vertical distribution uniformity when the angles of the nozzles were regulated for the canopy, the adjustment of the angles of the nozzles for the canopy provided greater deposition of droplets, the increased volume of application resulted in higher depositions in the leaves of the crop.