FENÔMENOS DE CONTATO LINGUÍSTICO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O PORTUGUÊS E O DIALETO SUÍÇO-ALEMÃO

O presente estudo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre a variedade minoritária suíço-alemã no Brasil, mais especificamente em um distrito de Cafelândia, Paraná. Para esta finalidade, consideram-se fatores extralinguísticos (o contexto familiar) e linguísticos (alternância de código e mistura de línguas). A pergunta básica que orienta esta pesquisa é como se caracteriza e como se usa o dialeto suíço-alemão em contato com o português, e como esse idioma minoritário “sobrevive” se é adquirido em uma comunidade monolíngue de fala portuguesa, no Sul do Brasil. Notou-se, através de entrevistas e observação participante em três gerações de descendentes helvéticos (relativo à Helvécia ou Suíça), que, ao decorrer do tempo, o suíço-alemão, que primeiro era “língua” materna, foi substituído quase que completamente pelo português. Mesmo assim, pode-se perceber que persiste a iniciativa de conservar o dialeto suíço-alemão no Brasil, sendo que vários descendentes dos entrevistados bilíngues (re)migraram para a Suíça.

THE EXPRESSIVENESS ENUNCIATION OF THE ADJECTIVE IN TEXTUAL DISSERTATION-ARGUMENTATIVE GENRE

In this paper, are presented studies of the adjective and its enunciative expressivity in. According to the singular form that Callou and Serra (2003a, 2003b) describe the studies specifically stated on the adjective. This depends on the order which takes over the noun, may submit change of meaning in three ways: the first with the respect to the free position of the adjective with meaning change, the second with the mandatory position on the adjective, and, the third related to the free position of the adjective without a change of meaning. Demonstrating that not all cases can be checked diversity semantics and pragmatics of the adjective in the description. It is made a reflection about the use of enunciative expressions in the adjective use in discursive contexts in order to describe the assumptions of Sales (2006) on the influence of the genre in the order of the adjective to be relevant and, if applicable to this study.

WHEN ONE’S LIFE IS IN DANGER

This paper aims to explain the origin of the idiom “correr risco de vida” (when one’s life is in danger). It originates from a concrete fact, whose use is very old in Portuguese: kings used to record names of people to whom they had given benefits or deserved a position or land. When someone fell in disfavor with the king or betrayed him, he would cross the disloyal person’s name off the book (cross it out, strike it off the book). This would mean that the person no more existed tom the king. However, the reference of use of registered names on the Book of Life is found in the Bible, The Exodus, when Moses asks God to cross his name off the book He had written. By metaphor, both the verb riscar (which shifted to arriscar) and the noun risco were grammaticalized, having more abstract meanings: “endanger life” and “danger”, respectively.

NOVALIS’S PORCUPINE (CONSIDERATIONS ON THE FRAGMENT AS FORM)

This essay aims to discuss the literary fragment, as its presents itself in the production of the first German romantic writers, in particular in Novalis’s work. We will take as the object of study the set of fragments published by the German author in 1798, Pólen. While hybrid genre, the literary fragment questions the boundaries between literature, philosophy and criticism, so that the creative act (poiesis) is valued in its reflective ability, as well as the form of exposure in its critical dimension. Conceived as a literary form, the fragmented writing presupposes not only the implicit presence of a reader, as well as its intervention in the gaps left by the text. Behind this lies the notion of a thinking and writing in a never-ending process of becoming.

BELIEF AND THE LINGUISTIC ATTITUDE OF CAPANEMENSE

Despite not using the Spanish language, Brazil borders with several countries that speak this language. The State of Paraná, for instance, has nineteen districts bordering with Paraguay and Argentina. In this geographical context is inserted Capanema city, whose multi-ethnic environment not only promotes the exchange of goods but also culture, beliefs, customs, and especially the language. This work takes as its investigation object the speech of Capanemenses with the aim of verifying the positive and negative views of these subjects regarding the multiple languages ​​and varieties with which they live on today. Following the mentalist methodology (LÓPEZ MORALEZ, 1993), the collected data analysis through interviews in locus showed that, compared to Argentines, most Capanemenses presents a positive attitude, both in relation to the Argentine people properly said, as their mother tongue, seen in a prestigious way by the interviewees. As for Paraguayan, a significant amount of informants showed not see them in a positive way, presenting a justification for this refusal the difference in culture, indigenous origin, low technology and education, as well as the language issue - Guarani, Jopará. On the other hand, the German people’s seen as introverted by their lack of emotion, but responsible in everything they do. The German language has not been evaluated positively by the Capanemenses, as it’s considered difficult and awkward. Finally, we note that, believing that Italian culture and language are close to the one existing in Brazil, due to Latin ascendancy, respondents react favorably on the Italians, people judged by Capanemenses as joyful and spontaneous. Keywords: beliefs and linguistic attitudes, language prejudice, languages in contact, Capanema.   

APROXIMAÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS E INTERCULTURAIS POSSÍVEIS NO ENSINO DE LITERATURA ESTRANGEIRA

O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta de aproximação pedagógica e intercultural, a partir da concepção bakhtiniana de linguagem, do romance de formação da literatura alemã Jakob von Gunten, de Robert Walser, mediada, com finalidades didáticas, pela leitura anterior do romance de formação brasileiro O Ateneu, de Raul Pompéia. A relação entre literatura e educação será duplamente contemplada: a) pela representação literária dos institutos de ensino nos dois romances acima citados e b) pela nossa aproximação didática - via obra literária do universo ficcional brasileiro - para os estudantes universitários brasileiros de literatura alemã. O pano de fundo que sustenta a proposta é a reflexão teórica bakhtiniana sobre (I) a exotopia - “o estar do lado de fora”, o não coincidir com o outro, conceito bakhtiniano fundamental, neste trabalho, para a reflexão que envolve a alteridade intercultural, e na aproximação pedagógica intercultural, (II) os gêneros discursivos. Destacando, a partir da visão bakhtiniana de gêneros discursivos, para este trabalho, a estrutura composicional e as unidades temáticas. A saída dos meninos de casa, por exemplo, é uma marca constitutiva da estrutura composicional dos romances de formação. Um outro aspecto da estrutura composicional presente nos dois romances - e bastante recorrente nos romances do gênero Bildungsroman da virada do século - é a construção do narrador em primeira pessoa. No mesmo sentido de orientação, podemos apontar, dentre as unidades temáticas abordadas na análise, a visão patriarcalista e personalista. O estudo constata a viabilidade da aproximação didática na construção de sentido do texto literário alemão através da análise da estrutura composicional e das unidades temáticas presentes nos dois romances.

AMBIVALENCE OF TERMS AND CONCEPTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE HYBRID LANGUAGE IN CONTEXT OF BOUNDARY

Faced with the perceived paradox between the scenario as sociolinguistically complex boundary and the pedagogical and educational policies that prioritize linguistic and cultural homogeneity, the objective of this article is to focus on the ambivalence of the concepts of language, culture, bilingualism and identity as concepts that guide different views toward writing hybrid "brasiguaio" students. The student, often taking as their mother tongue the Portuguese – as part of their family also uses the language of inheritance, for example, German and/or Italian - whose schooling in Paraguay focused on Spanish and Guarani languages, presents a hybrid language often stigmatized at Brazilian school, which usually leads low-esteem and school failure. The concepts presented open space to deviate attention from the idealized conception of the subject bilingual and consider that due to the characteristic muldimensional of bilingualism, the subject presents bilingual discourse practices in a constant process of mutation, and therefore also their cultural identities, which can facilitate identification with school success and distance to consider from prejudice.

Letters licentiate: the teaching formation on the course curriculum and the perspectives of the graduating academics

This research aims to analyze the curriculum of two letters courses in an institution of Santa Catarina state which offers the qualifications in German and Portuguese / English. As the corpus of this research, the summaries and curriculum of the courses, as well as the answers of a questionnaire which was applied to the academics on the sixth stage of German and eighth stage of Portuguese/English of their courses, were analyzed using the textual discursive analysis. So, this article aims to analyze the teaching formation in the curriculum and the perspectives of the academics of the licentiate courses in letters with qualifications in German and Portuguese/English. What can be discussed from this study is that although the institution is trying to combine theory and practice in the course curriculums, the specific knowledge of the area is prioritized. This imbalance stands out as an important factor that must be improved in the teaching formation provided by the courses.

LITERATURE, WHAT FOR? HEGEL, A READER OF GOETHE OR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY IN GERMAN IDEALISM

The purpose of this article is to present what are the relations between the work of Goethe and Hegelian philosophy within the political and philosophical project of German idealism. We'll think the relationship between literature and philosophy in the context of political idealism, philosophy in seeking an answer to the question: "What is literature for?".