Letramentos e Etnografias na Escola: Diálogos Inter/Transculturais na Educação Antirracismo

Neste artigo, descrevemos e refletimos sobre experiências de pesquisa e formação de professoras e professores  indígenas e afro-brasileiros, com foco nos seus múltiplos letramentos,   no sentido de contribuir para a  inclusão da história e cultura afro-brasileira, africana e indígena na educação formal, como estabelecem as Leis 10.639/03 e 11.645/08.  Através dessa reflexão, estabelecemos diálogos com autores (as) que versam sobre educação para relações étnico-raciais, linguística aplicada, letramento e literatura negra, tendo em vista a proposição de ações direcionadas por uma educação antirracismo. 

AN AFRO-BRAZILIAN LOOK FOR O CORTIÇO

This article is a re-reading of the novel O cortiço, by Aluísio Azevedo, from theoretical reflections about the concepts that involve Afro-Brazilian literature. In that work, the representation of black woman takes us to the stereotypes of race and gender: seductive woman, responsible for the white man misguided. Methodologically, we get the category “black literature”, by Zilá Bernd (1987), closer to the engaged proposal of “Afro-Brazilian literature”, by Eduardo de Assis Duarte (2011), to discuss about the possibilities for revision of the Brazilian colonial past in the literary texts. Therefore, we used an approach of literary text reading that emphasizes the cultural intertexts of the artistic representations. According to the comparative studies, the dialogue between texts and culture promotes the critical rereading of the past, because the literary text becomes illuminated by a post-colonial look.

LITERATURA INFANTIL PARA UMA FORMAÇÃO LEITORA MULTICULTURAL

This essay aims at presenting some reflections on the compositional structure of two children literary works based on African-Brazilian theme and their implications on the elementary school reader’s background. The selected works are "The Little Kings of Congo" (2007), written by Edimilson Pereira de Almeida, and "Africa, my little Chaka" (2006) by Marie Sellier, and translated by Rose Freire D'Aguiar. Our basic principle is that, during the formative process in reading and culture, the structural organization of children's literature work comes as a factor that can trigger more or less interest from this reader under construction in the early grades. The educator who wishes to educate proficient readers should know and explore the structural, linguistic and contextual aspects from the literary text so the student can deduce their meanings. These studies are based on sociological aspects of reading, as Freire (2006) and Silva (1998), of culture in Hall (1997), of training reader through children's literature in Zilbermann (2003), Abramovich (1983), Aguiar and Bordini (1993), Cademartori (2009), Coelho (2000), among others. It is also bring into account that the school is the locus of ethno-racial diversity and the Afro-Brazilian children's literature, when present in this context and properly handled, can create opportunities to train children to be proficient readers; to give knowledge concerning the African culture and promote respect for differences, since the early school years.

Cafuza, Mulata, Negra: body and memory in the discourse of brazilian beers

This article aims to undertake a discursive analysis of the label and advertising material of three beers sold in Brazil: the Cafuza beer, the Mulata beer and Devassa Negra beer. Starting from the regularity that binds and weaves the statements in question - the reference to the African-Brazilian woman - the objective is to present an analysis that considers the semiotic nature of these statements, and bring out their enunciation margins and its historical dimension. The purpose is to analyze the discursive thread that provides conditions of emergence, providing visibility to the scenario of enslavement still perdurable here as historical a priori, in a game of memories that echo through time. What we will see is the body of the black woman (also mulatto and black-indian woman) caught by a discourse that comes from the image of the female sexual slavery and reaches today its exacerbation, especially if we think of the (con)fusion established between the brand names of those beers and the women printed on their labels: products to be consumed? As a theoretical and methodological framework, this article will have as a starting point the discussions made within the French Discourse Analysis in the course of the 1980s. We will bring forward a discussion, although in general, on how emerges, in that decade, the concerns about a semiotic materiality of discourse, beyond the linguistic materiality. Anchored by this panorama, our goal is to work out new perspectives through its analytical application. It is the attempt to take the statement considering the different languages that comprise it, as well as to provide it with the historical density intrinsic to it, making it appear, in the light of the day, what was not visible immediately.

Two Clara dos Anjos and one Rosa: identity and representation of black woman in Brazilian Literature

This article presents an analysis of identity and representations of black women in the tales Keep Secret Esmeralda Ribeiro, Rosa and Fusilier and Voices d'Rachel de Queiroz Africa. The story of Esmeralda Ribeiro black author, published in Cadernos Negros: the best short stories (1998) reexamines Clara dos Anjos, Lima Barreto's novel character written between 1904 and 1922. In this work, the author lays bare, in a confessional tone, the daily life of Rio suburbs, from the perspective of racial prejudice, and is the protagonist as a passive woman, submissive, an object. Emerald, black writer, gives Clara a condition of the subject, building an identity as a woman and as a black. It is the chronicle of belonging. Rosa and the Marine and Voices of Africa Rose protagonist appointing chronic-tale first is the outcome of its history in the second text, both published in the first Rachel de Queiroz of chronic compilation entitled The Maiden and Moura Pie (1948 ). Rachel is the text representation of black women because they can not as white women have the lived experience as black to build identity and can do it in generalizing way considering his wife condition and his experience in the feminine universe. There are relations between the texts that go beyond the theme, Space Rio suburb and similarities between Rosa and Clara, Cassi and the Marines. You can see the works a dialogue between sex and race interests, identities and stereotypes, relationships that materialize in Literature.

CULTURA, PÓS-COLONIALISMO E AMÉRICA LATINA/CARIBE

O autor apresenta reflexões sobre a literatura latino-americana e, em especial, as investigações brasileiras sobre a literatura e seu contexto social, iniciativas que produziram uma literatura extensa a partir da qual a teoria pós-colonial latino-americana e brasileira, já sistematizada e desenvolvida, poderia ser mais elaborada. Nesse contexto, a Antropologia, a História e a Sociologia brasileiras exibem um grande número de volumes que tratam de colonialismo, violência, cultura, miscigenação, diáspora, identidade, alteridade, escravidão, memória, racismo, ou seja, temas fundamentais para os estudos literários.

LITERATURA E CULTURA NA AMÉRICA LATINA

O escritor questiona a possível inserção da literatura brasileira no conjunto da cultura da América Latina e, diante disso, faz um questionamento necessário: O que é América Latina? E, caso definido um conceito, qual a posição do Brasil no contexto desta América Latina? Somente depois seria possível tentar compreender o lugar da produção brasileira no âmbito da literatura latino-americana. O primeiro problema que se coloca, no entanto, é em que fundamentar a escolha. Tomando inicialmente o argumento linguístico, o autor analisa que a ideia de que a América Latina é a parte do continente americano unida pelas línguas originadas do latim deixa de fora uma porção considerável do território.

O Ensino de Ciências Sob o Olhar da Cultura Surda

Este capítulo apresenta um relato que perpassa pela experiência do ensino-aprendizado da disciplina de Ciências com alunos do 6° ao 9° ano do ensino fundamental da escola bilíngue de surdos AAVIDA (Assistência Audio-Visual para Deficientes auditivos) na cidade de Divinópolis/ Minas Gerais. Para a sua constituição foi considerado o ensino da disciplina de ciências sob o olhar da cultura surda. O objetivo é apresentar um estudo das implicações que a cultura e identidade surda trazem para o contexto de ensino – aprendizagem da disciplina de ciências, visto que o atendimento educacional se torna efetivo a partir do conhecimento do sujeito e suas especificidades. Propõe-se ainda a apresentar artefatos que contribuirão para elaboração de um processo de ensino-aprendizado amoldado na cultura surda produzindo significados que dão sentido às ações pedagógicas.