Fronteiras Platinas em Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil/Paraguai/Bolívia): Biogeografias na Arte, Crítica Biográfica Fronteiriça, Discurso Indígena e Literaturas de Fronteira

Este texto apresenta uma resenha da obra FRONTEIRAS PLATINAS EM MATO GROSSO DO SUL (Brasil/Paraguai/Bolívia): biogeografias na arte, crítica biográfica fronteiriça, discurso indígena e literaturas de fronteira, escrita por Marcos Antônio Bessa-Oliveira, Edgar Cézar Nolasco, Vânia Maria Lescano Guerra e Zélia Ramona Nolasco dos S. Freire. O livro, publicado pela Editora Pontes de Campinas, é fruto de reflexões empreendidas ao longo dos anos por esses pesquisadores do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), de diferentes universidades, acerca da crítica do pensamento fronteiriço. A obra é constituída de quatro capítulos, além de um prefácio e uma apresentação, em um total de seis textos. A partir de diferentes lugares enunciativos, os autores fomentam a importância dos estudos que pensam os sujeitos marginalizados, no intuito de destacar as noções-chave que atravessam reflexões de intelectuais fronteiriços e se apoiam, sobretudo, nos estudos pós-coloniais, epistemologias outras que constituem o ponto de partida para os estudos no âmbito das artes, da literatura e da linguística.

O NEGRO, O DISCURSO, O POVO E A LITERATURA: RELEVOS DE LEITURA DA OBRA UBALDIANA

O presente artigo pretende iniciar algumas discussões em Análise do Discurso e de Literatura a respeito da obra Viva o povo brasileiro( 1984) de João Ubaldo Ribeiro.Pontuaremos o título da obra e a releitura da História Oficial do Brasil, em cujos moldes, os fatos relativos ao negro foram encobertos. Portanto, o romance agencia os discursos ocultados pela historiografia com uma multiplicidade de vozes, que compõem a identidade nacional brasileira via o discurso oral dos negros da ilha de Itaparica – BA.

Entre a Oficialização e a Desoficialização do Ensino de Espanhol no Brasil: Apontamentos e Implicações da Experiência Amapaense

Historicamente, o espanhol sempre esteve à margem das políticas de ensino de línguas no Brasil. Entretanto, nos últimos quatorze anos, vivenciamos dois processos que mudaram os rumos do ensino de línguas, a oficialização e a desoficialização do ensino do espanhol na educação básica. Dessa forma, nosso objetivo é discutir a(s) política(s) linguística(s) que levaram à oficialização e desoficialização do ensino do espanhol, bem como compreender, a exemplo do Amapá, como se deu a implementação do ensino desta língua nas escolas da rede pública. Para tanto, valemo-nos de discussões teóricas de autores como Paraquett (2014, 2009), Rajagopalan (2016, 2014) e Lagares (2013). Assim, a partir dos dados que dispomos, é possível observar que a a falta de clareza da regulamentação estadual refletiu em uma dúbia interpretação pelas escolas da rede pública, o que possibilitou que o ensino do espanhol fosse utilizado inclusive para preenchimento de lacunas de horários. Além disso, cumprimento das políticas linguísticas está acima da preocupação com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, uma vez que a formação de professores também deveria fazer parte planejamento linguístico.

Cafuza, Mulata, Negra: body and memory in the discourse of brazilian beers

This article aims to undertake a discursive analysis of the label and advertising material of three beers sold in Brazil: the Cafuza beer, the Mulata beer and Devassa Negra beer. Starting from the regularity that binds and weaves the statements in question - the reference to the African-Brazilian woman - the objective is to present an analysis that considers the semiotic nature of these statements, and bring out their enunciation margins and its historical dimension. The purpose is to analyze the discursive thread that provides conditions of emergence, providing visibility to the scenario of enslavement still perdurable here as historical a priori, in a game of memories that echo through time. What we will see is the body of the black woman (also mulatto and black-indian woman) caught by a discourse that comes from the image of the female sexual slavery and reaches today its exacerbation, especially if we think of the (con)fusion established between the brand names of those beers and the women printed on their labels: products to be consumed? As a theoretical and methodological framework, this article will have as a starting point the discussions made within the French Discourse Analysis in the course of the 1980s. We will bring forward a discussion, although in general, on how emerges, in that decade, the concerns about a semiotic materiality of discourse, beyond the linguistic materiality. Anchored by this panorama, our goal is to work out new perspectives through its analytical application. It is the attempt to take the statement considering the different languages that comprise it, as well as to provide it with the historical density intrinsic to it, making it appear, in the light of the day, what was not visible immediately.

NOTES ON THE PRESENT OF THE CONCEPT OF DISCURSIVE FORMATION

This paper aims to discuss some points on the concept of discursive formation’s formulation and application. I elaborate my point by putting in relation three French texts equally stated in Brazilian soil. Jean-Jacques Courtine, Jacques Guilhaumou and Dominique Maingueneau separately wrote each one of these three texts. Moreover, I have not randomly chosen their names: they are three authors who constitute concepts across theoretical formulations of Discourse Analysis in France, and, because of that, they are often cited in order to keep this area of knowledge in Brazil. So that my argument is justified by the need of analyzing, throughout the meeting of those three statements, an attempt to define the current status of the concept of discursive formation to the historical a priori for the Discourse Analysis’ discourse in Brazil. In order to be guaranteed of some theoretical approach, I turn my attention to the famous conference by Michel Foucault (1971), L’ordre du discours, in which he exposes four principles to examine the statement’s function of existence: specificity, inversion, discontinuity, and exteriority. Underlining the principle of specificity of a statement through the series of statements, I aim to demonstrate that a concept’s circulation does not depend on an ontological truth, or on a founding text, or on the specificity of a father; it is determined by the will to truth, which offers historical conditions to the underlying discursive practices.

INTERDISCURSIVE CONFIGURATION OF COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN BRAZIL

The current study has two complementary aims. On the one hand, it was to develop a semiotic analysis under a perspective of the interdircourse; on the other hand, it was to study the structure and functioning of the discourse and the discursive pratictice of the two most important cooperative currents in Brazil nowadays, the Solidarity Economy and the Official Cooperativism and verify the interdiscursive relationship which is at the basis of its constitution. For this, it was analyzed some doctrinal texts of both movements, which socially have different kinds of conflicts, including the discursive. The results have shown that a discourse is the opposite of the other. Therefore, while the Official Cooperativism emphasizes economic success and keeps relationships with the discourse of capitalist companies, the Solidarity Economy adopts the point of view of fighting against social inequalities, establishing a discontinuous relationship with the capitalist discourse. 

Advertising to children in Brazilian families: a critical discourse analysis of reception

This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the reception of advertising to children in Brazilian families. The topic of children's advertising has gained importance in recent years because of the civil movements for regulation by-law of advertising to children in Brazil. In view of the various interests at stake, the matter has been the subject of discussion and controversy. Therefore the objective of this paper is to cooperate to the debate, in order to understand the reception of children's advertising in family dynamics. We chose here the focus in the perspective of mothers and fathers. Four semi-structured interviews for the mothers and fathers of children aged between six and 10 years, conducted in two schools in the Distrito Federal, were analyzed. The category ‘appraisal’ was considered for analysis of positions, behaviors and feelings present in the discourse of the parents. The reflections were guided on Critical Discourse Analysis and reveal that advertising to children has been responsible for a determinate disharmony in the family environment, while at the same time strengthen traditional roles of social actors.

ANÁLISE DISCURSIVA DOS PROCEDIMENTOS NARRATIVOS E DESCRITIVOS EM BIOGRAFIAS NACIONAIS

Neste artigo, abordaremos como os modos de organização do discurso narrativo e descritivo são engendrados na configuração discursiva das biografias. Ancorados na análise do discurso, desenvolvida por Patrick Charaudeau (1992, 2008), procuramos observar quais operações linguageiras, narrativas e descritivas, foram adotadas para revelar a vida de um personagem. Como objeto de estudo, escolhemos as narrativas biográficas: Olga, escrita por Fernando Morais, Condessa de Barral: a paixão do Imperador, escrita por Mary Del Priore, Carmen: uma biografia, escrita por Ruy Castro. Como resultados principais, observamos a presença dos papeis actanciais desempenhados pelos biografados em momentos centrais de suas vidas – nascimento, ascensão profissional e morte. Os procedimentos de demarcação do tempo tendem a ser precisos e explícitos, principalmente pelo fato das biografias obedecerem a uma estruturação cronológica. Quanto ao modo descritivo, nossas ponderações recaem sobre os procedimentos de nomeação e qualificação usados para caracterizar os personagens.

The manualization of linguistic knowledge and the constitution of a non-sexist language

Mobilizing the notions of grammatization (AUROUX, 1992) and manualization (PUECH, 1998), we analyze two manuals in this work: Manual para o uso não sexista da linguagem: o que bem se diz bem se entende (2014, Brazil) and Nombra: la representación del femenino y el masculino en el lenguaje (1995, Spain). Both handbooks propose the use of inclusive language in which the female genre is placed in evidence in linguistic usage. Considering them as a technological tool as well as a sociocultural product of popularization of knowledge on the language, we intend to analyze how the proposal of such manuals which uphold non-sexist language, inclusive of gender, supported by laws, edicts – operates as a language policy, which seeks to control the use of language, feminizes the language and meets feminist demands that clamor for a legitimate position to women, whether in society or in its uses of the language when enunciating itself. KEYWORDS: Manuals - Non-sexist language - Woman

THE CONSTRUCTION OF FHE FUTURE IN THE PRESS DISCOURSE ON THE PRIVATIZATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

In the 90s of the 20th century, Brazil has undergone significant changes in its development model, with the withdrawal of the state from economic activities. We consider how the discourse on privatization constitutes a relevant place for observation of recent Brazilian history. In this period, the privatization of state companies, among them telecommunications ones are performed. This article analyzes, based on the theoretical and methodological principles of discourse analysis in the tradition opened by Michel Pecheux, as the press feeds the imagination of future in the discourse on privatization of telecommunications companies. To do so, in order to understand the discursive relationships established in dominant commercial media, we devote our analysis to a corpus of reports and articles extracted from newspapers Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo, which, in general, have taken a position in favor of privatization and changes in the Brazilian development model. The analysis shows that the future benefits are designed for the whole society. Thus, the past is represented negatively, because it would have produced bad effects on society and must therefore be rejected and denied in its historical continuity. In this discursive practice, privatization is introduced as a symbolic milestone period related to modernity and the construction of citizenship prosperity that will fall in the future to be built from this event. Positive meanings are focused in the future, which is directly related to privatization. Thus, the privatist position of the analyzed newspapers try to crystallize the sense of 'privado' as something beneficial and desirable, stabilizing a memory for the discursive event of privatization. This management of historical time, therefore, produces a line of continuity between present and future and a rupture between past and present, whose links are deleted to produce positive meaning for the privatization of the telecommunications.  

Da Palavra Falada à Mão em Movimento: a Constituição do Sujeito na/pela Língua Brasileira de Sinais

Neste estudo buscamos refletir sobre as necessidades educacionais que o sujeito que se constitui na e pela Língua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS) possui e como o Estado, enquanto responsável pela educação desse sujeito, se coloca frente a essa questão. Para tanto, partiremos do discurso presente na Lei nº 10.436, de 24 de Abril de 2002 que dispõe sobre a Língua Brasileira de Sinais e do capítulo IV do Decreto nº 5.626, de 22 de Dezembro de 2005, que disserta sobre o uso e a difusão da LIBRAS e da língua portuguesa para o acesso das pessoas surdas à educação. A fundamentação teórica tomada por base neste artigo é da Análise de Discurso de Linha Francesa (AD) originada por Pêcheux na França e estruturada no Brasil pelo grupo da professora Eni Orlandi. A AD concebe a língua funcionando para a produção de sentidos. Além disso, também nos embasarão, bibliografias referentes à Politica de Língua e a História das Ideias Linguísticas (HIL).