Analogy between the socio-cultural thematic of Macunaíma and the Tarsila do Amaral’s paintings: a possibility of broaden the senses of literary texts

This research seeks establishing relationships between the socio-cultural theme of Macunaíma and the some paintings by Tarsila do Amaral bringing reflections to literature teaching to suggest the seek to broaden the sense of literary texts. We will discuss the literature importance at school according to what is to predicted in the Diretrizes Curriculares de Língua Portuguesa. Research is based  on the notions of intertextuality by Bakhtin (2003),  on the postulates by Etienne Souriau (1983), on the criticism by Candido (2006) on the Reception Aesthetics, by Jauss (2002), Iser (1999) and on the writings by Bordini and Aguiar (1993).

WRITING AND SPEECH: WHAT TEACHES US THE NON LITERARY TEXTS

Until the early twentieth century only written texts documenting the language. From the analysis of non-literary documents of the seventeenth century, we shall show how the writing reflects the facts of speech. Two sets of phenomena will be especially focused on: the graphic representation of unstressed vowels and that of sibilant fricatives (palatal and non-palatal). It is intended to alert to problems concerning the interference of speech in writing, drawing a parallel between the writing of the speaker common, off-hand that was contaminated by his standard speech and writing.  

READER’S ROLE AND THE LITERARY GENRE IN TEXTUAL RECEPTION: TZVETAN TODOROV AND VINCENT JOUVE CONTRIBUITIONS

Regarding the importance the reader takes on in studies about reading and literary genres, this paper presents reflections about the reader’s role in the constitution of the literary genres as esthetics conventions which the writer dialogues, as well as, about the literary genres theory issues, important to literary analysis, and allow to an useful understanding, and consequently, the esthetical experience in reading literary texts. This paper focuses particularly, in a reflection about the reading concepts and esthetical conventions of the fantastic genre, from the theoretical assumptions of Tzvetan Torodov and Vincent Jouve. From reflections developed related to reception theories, about the reading processing and the reader’s contribution in the creation of the fantastic genre, was possible propose an approach and establish analogies between the referential from de Todorov and Jouve Both authors recognize the importance of the reader’s role to the literary text completeness and suggest the text to present features and conventions, as textual strategies of stylistic, linguistic and formal order which conduct the reader to the achievement of the text meanings.

"SÃO PAULO-SAMPA-SP": THE MULTIPLE FACES OF THE METROPOLIS

The city is a symbol of human sociability , meeting place and common life - and in this sense , their model is the Greek polis . But it is also a symbol of human diversity , in which masses of people live who do not know , do not recognize or even hostile to , and here the model is not the Greek city , but Babel. The perceptions of the city built in songs and literary texts are in agreement with the adjectives that easily come to mind when one thinks of São Paulo: bumpy, sprawling, dizzying. São Paulo does not provoke admiration, as elsewhere - at least not in the word admiration is benign and gentle . Causes astonishment, this feeling that overcomes the admiration in fright - a result of gigantism, the omnipresent sense of urgency, the unsettling awareness of being in an urban labyrinth that extends to infinity. This research aims to highlight that forms the largest Brazilian metropolis is described both in music and Brazilian literature , at which point it will be possible to establish directions for the different readings of urban space.

AN AFRO-BRAZILIAN LOOK FOR O CORTIÇO

This article is a re-reading of the novel O cortiço, by Aluísio Azevedo, from theoretical reflections about the concepts that involve Afro-Brazilian literature. In that work, the representation of black woman takes us to the stereotypes of race and gender: seductive woman, responsible for the white man misguided. Methodologically, we get the category “black literature”, by Zilá Bernd (1987), closer to the engaged proposal of “Afro-Brazilian literature”, by Eduardo de Assis Duarte (2011), to discuss about the possibilities for revision of the Brazilian colonial past in the literary texts. Therefore, we used an approach of literary text reading that emphasizes the cultural intertexts of the artistic representations. According to the comparative studies, the dialogue between texts and culture promotes the critical rereading of the past, because the literary text becomes illuminated by a post-colonial look.

Black women's writing: contributions to the literary, feminist and gender studies.

This work is a reflection on black women’s writing, which has been and yet, sometimes, is marginalized and reduced to invisibly in our literary field due to several factors . Therefore, it becomes important to give visibility to this writing so as to discuss the marks of feminism, race and gender that it brings, showing its contributions for the construction of a new and empowered discourse on black women, which represents a differential for literary discourse and affects the canon, since it t promotes the construction of a new perspective, a differentiated representation of black women, emphasizing their forms of struggle and resistance, front the exclusionary sociocultural systems.  In order to do that, I bring up some theoretical voices such as that, of Guacira Lopes Louro (1997); Abdias do Nascimento (2000); Tatau Godinho (2008), among others that deal with the theme, as well as texts written by  black women writers such as Alzira Rufino, Esmeralda Ribeiro e Cristiane Sobral to argue and think about a literature that deals with black women autonomy,  and challenges the dominant power systems, a literature that gives emphasis to women and ethnic-racial issues from perspective of the black person herself , since this project was relegated to oblivion for too long or portrayed in as stereotyped way by other voices, other discourses guided by a masculine and eurocentric bias. In this way, we hope to show how it is relevant to black women's literature, because makes us reflect and face the mechanisms of oppression, subalternization against women, especially black women, and race and gender prejudice, and its effects, that still can be seen daily in different social and cultural contexts.  

OSWALD DE ANDRADE’S THEATER: THE LITERARY FUNCTION AND THE HISTORICAL SERIES

Studies carried out so far allow us to observe important aspects regarding the transformation of the dramatic genre. They show how either traditional or new formal elements are assimilated or reworked by the authors in Modernism and in contemporary productions, with different meanings, transforming the dramatic genre in such a way that typical elements of the ancient tragic genre assume different meanings in the contemporary tragic drama. The same phenomenon can be identified in the elements of metatheater, which undergo displacements in the Vanguard Theater, defining new functions. This approach assumed by most contemporary cultural practices is celebrated as a creative possibility to renew the cultural matrixes; however, such practices are not new, and are found in the production of the poet, playwright and writer Oswald de Andrade. It is important to mention that even Oswald de Andrade revisited traditional sources, as observed by Gilberto Mendonça Teles (2009) when addressing the models of cultural interpretation in the current days. Although there are several studies on Oswald de Andrade’s works, focusing mainly on his prose and poetry, his theatrical texts are still poorly studied. Considering Oswald de Andrade's productions, his theatrical texts present procedures that testify his modernity in the capacity of anticipating changes, which are currently conceived as procedures and trends of contemporary poetics. This reflection is what is intended in the present text.

The Aesthetics of Death: Reflections on the honorable suicide from the texts of Mishima

The objective is to show the aesthetic purpose of the life of Yukio Mishima (1925 - 1970), led the way, and the way led in parallel with his literary career. His whole life was conducted by the maxim that "the way of the samurai is death," maximum accepted as an honorable and patriotic truth. For confirmation of this thesis, whose works were selected characters are samurai like The Hagakure: The Ethics of the Samurai and Modern Japan, and the texts in which the author reflects on the Japanese theme Bushidō (Samurai Code of Ethics), as Confessions a masquerade, something autobiographical work, Sun and Steel, and the Sea of ​​Fertility tetralogy. Special attention will be devoted to the tale Patriotism, 1961, whose plot focuses almost exclusively in the ritual of seppuku (commonly known as Harakiri).