Neurotized lateral gastrocnemius muscle transfer for persistent traumatic peroneal nerve palsy: Surgical technique

INTRODUCTION Persistent traumatic peroneal nerve palsy, following nerve surgery failure, is usually treated by tendon transfer or more recently by tibial nerve transfer. However, when there is destruction of the tibial anterior muscle, an isolated nerve transfer is not possible. In this article, we present the key steps and surgical tips for the Ninkovic procedure including transposition of the neurotized lateral gastrocnemius muscle with the aim of restoring active voluntary dorsiflexion. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE The transposition of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle to the tendons of the anterior tibial muscle group, with simultaneous transposition of the intact proximal end of the deep peroneal nerve to the tibial nerve of the gastrocnemius muscle by microsurgical neurorrhaphy is performed in one stage. It includes 10 key steps which are described in this article. Since 1994, three clinical series have highlighted the advantages of this technique. Functional and subjective results are discussed. We review the indications and limitations of the technique. CONCLUSION Early clinical results after neurotized lateral gastrocnemius muscle transfer appear excellent; however, they still need to be compared with conventional tendon transfer procedures. Clinical studies are likely to be conducted in this area largely due to the frequency of persistant peroneal nerve palsy and the limitations of functional options in cases of longstanding peripheral nerve palsy, anterior tibial muscle atrophy or destruction.

Thoraxschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen - das Herz?

Chest pain in children and adolescents is a frequent observation, although potentially relevant disease is rather rare and then found in situations with acute presentation. In children with an inflammatory/infectious clinical context the differential diagnosis is oesophagitis, pleuropneumonia or pericarditis. Potentially dangerous complications may be found in youth with predisposing conditions for aortic dissection, pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism, or even in rare instances for an acute coronary complication. In these cases aggressive diagnostic work-up is mandatory. In the frequent elective outpatient evaluation of teenagers with long-lasting episodes of chest pain, relevant underlying cardiovascular disease only rarely can be found as the cause. In the elective outpatient evaluation for chest pain, usually patient history and clinical examination may be enough to track the problem, the main role of the physician is to provide reassurance with minimal but appropriate testing.