Efeitos da temperatura e da movimentação do ar sobre o isolamento térmico do velo de ovinos em câmara climática

Foram utilizados dez ovinos da raça Corriedale - cinco machos e cinco fêmeas com pesos entre 52,2 e 87,6 kg - com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da combinação da movimentação do ar (0 e 5,0 m/s) com a temperatura do ar (25, 30 e 40ºC) sobre a temperatura retal (T R, ºC), da epiderme (T E, ºC), da superfície do velo (T V, ºC) e do interior do velo (T I, ºC) e a espessura do velo (E V, cm) e suas relações com o isolamento térmico do velo. A presença de vento não teve efeito sobre as variáveis estudadas, o que sugere que fluxo de ar (<5,0 m/s) paralelo ao eixo corporal do animal tem pouco efeito sobre o isolamento térmico do velo, independentemente da temperatura do ar, que se mostrou altamente correlacionada, de forma positiva, com as temperaturas retal, do velo, do interior do velo e da epiderme. Sob temperaturas inferiores a 30ºC, a transferência de calor através do velo ocorreu via condução e convecção livre, enquanto sob altas temperaturas (>40ºC) o fluxo de calor sensível não foi significativa.

Evaporação cutânea e respiratória em ovinos sob altas temperaturas ambientes

Dez ovinos da raça Corriedale foram avaliados para as taxas de evaporação respiratória (E R) e cutânea (E C). Cada animal foi observado até 10 vezes, sob diferentes condições de temperatura (21,1 a 41,9ºC) e pressão parcial de vapor do ar (1,53 a 3,01 kPa), usando um método gravimétrico para determinar a perda de água. As médias totais foram 0,7599±0,0094 g.h-1.kg-1 para E R e 1,3029±0,0591 g.h-1.kg-1 para E C. A evaporação cutânea foi considerada como um fator importante de termólise para ovinos em ambientes quentes. São discutidos os efeitos do sexo, da espessura do velo e da temperatura e umidade do ar.

Zoneamento bioclimático da ovinocultura no Estado do Paraná

Utilizaram-se 45 fêmeas ovinas adultas (15 Hampshire Down [HD], 15 Texel [TE] e 15 Ile de France [IF]), para propor um zoneamento bioclimático da ovinocultura no Estado do Paraná. Mediram-se a temperatura retal (Tr), da epiderme (Te), do interior do velo (Tiv) e da superfície do velo (Tsv); a frequência respiratória (Fr); a temperatura do ar (Ta), pressão de vapor (e), velocidade do vento (v) e carga térmica radiante (CTR). O Índice de Conforto Térmico utilizado foi ICT= 0,6678Ta + 0,4969e + 0,5444Tg + 0,1038v. A regressão do ICT sobre Tr mostrou efeito quadrático para as três raças. Para ICT=24,3, 27,3 e 20,6, os valores de Tr foram respectivamente: 39,10ºC para a raça HD, 39,05ºC para TE e 39,09ºC para IF, atingindo 40,40; 40,50; e 40,28ºC, respectivamente, para ICT=58. As três raças aumentaram sua Tr a partir de ICT=26, com a TE apresentando menor Tr até o valor ICT=46; neste ponto, as três raças foram semelhantes, tendo a TE apresentado maiores valores. Para ICT igual a 27,6; 29,7; e 27,0, os valores de Fr foram, respectivamente, 89,63; 77,08; e 78,77 resp./min., para as raças HD, TE e IF. A raça TE apresentou menor Fr (77,08 resp./min.), para ICT=29,7 e para ICT=48, valores semelhantes aos da IF (181,96 resp./min.); a partir deste índice, passou a ser maior que as demais raças, atingindo valores de 288,66 resp./min. no ICT=56, porém inferior à HD (289,01 resp./min.). Neste índice, a raça IF foi a que apresentou a menor Fr (275,72 resp./min.). Uma extensa faixa ao longo do litoral do Estado, entrando cerca de 200 km para o interior até os limites das cidades de Castro, Telêmaco Borba, Laranjeiras do Sul e Pato Branco, permite a criação das três raças, sem exigir grandes esforços de termorregulação.

Wavelets in the computed evaluation of mammographic accreditation phantom images

This paper presents a novel approach to the computed assessment of a mammographic phantom device. The approach shown here is fully automated and is based on the automatic selection of the region of interest, in the use of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and morphological operators to assess the quality of the American College of Radiology (ACR) mammographic phantom images. The algorithms developed here have succesfully scored 30 images obtained with different combinations of voltage applied to the tube and exposure and could notice the differences in the radiographs due to the different level of exposure to radiation. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Use of algorithms for semi-automatic quantification of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema

Obtaining a semi-automatic quantification of pathologies found in the lung, through images of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), is of great importance to aid in medical diagnosis. Paraccocidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease that affects the lung and even after effective treatment leaves sequels such as pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. It is very important to the area of tropical diseases that the lung injury be quantified more accurately. In this stud, we propose the development of algorithms in computational environment Matlab® able to objectively quantify lung diseases such as fibrosis and emphysema. The program consists in selecting the region of interest (ROI), and through the use of density masks and filters, obtaining the lesion area quantification in relation to the healthy area of the lung. The proposed method was tested on 15 exams of HRCT of patients with confirmed PCM. To prove the validity and effectiveness of the method, we used a virtual phantom, also developed in this research. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Image quality evaluation of chest for computed radiography

The daily-to-day of medical practice is marked by a constant search for an accurate diagnosis and therapeutic assessment. For this purpose the doctor serves up a wide variety of imaging techniques, however, the methods using ionizing radiation still the most widely used because it is considered cheaper and above all very efficient when used with control and quality. The optimization of the risk-benefit ratio is considered a major breakthrough in relation to conventional radiology, though this is not the reality of computing and digital radiology, where Brazil has not established standards and protocols for this purpose. This work aims to optimize computational chest radiographs (anterior-posterior projection-AP). To achieve this objective were used a homogeneous phantoms that simulate the characteristics of absorption and scattering of radiation close to the chest of a patient standard. Another factor studied was the subjective evaluation of image quality, carried out by visual grading assessment (VGA) by specialists in radiology, using an anthropomorphic phantom to identify the best image for a particular pathology (fracture or pneumonia). Quantifying the corresponding images indicated by the radiologist was performed from the quantification of physical parameters (Detective Quantum Efficiency - DQE, Modulation Transfer Function - MTF and Noise Power Spectrum - NPS) using the software MatLab®. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

Otimização de imagem de torax para radiografia computadorizada

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Efeito do ambiente nas variáveis fisiológicas e na emissão de metano associado à produção e à perda de calor em ovinos

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Atenção à saúde infantil pela estratégia de saúde da família sob a ótica de usuárias de unidades de Botucatu

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A trajetória de vida de adolescentes que cometeram ato infracional: um estudo sobre jovens egressos da FEBEM de Ribeirão Preto/SP

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Aplicações práticas de proteção radiológica nas áreas de medicina nuclear e radiodiagnóstico em instalações hospitalares

After the discovery of ionizing radiation, its applications in various fields of science began to take significant proportions. In the case of medicine, there are the application areas in radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine. It was then necessary to create the field of radiological protection to establish the conditions necessary for the safe use of such ionizing radiation. Apply knowledge obtained during the graduation stage and in the practice of radiological protection in the areas of nuclear medicine and diagnostic radiology. In the area of nuclear medicine, tests were made in the Geiger-Muller counters (GM) and the dose calibrator (curiometer), the monitoring tests of radiation, waste management, clean of the Therapeutic room and testing the quality control of gamma-chambers. In the area of radiology, were performed tests of quality control equipment for conventional X-ray equipment and x-ray fluoroscopy, all following the rules of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), and reporting of tests. The routine developed in the fields of nuclear medicine in hospitals has proved very useful, since the quality control of GM counters contribute to the values of possible contamination are more reliable. The control of dose calibrator enables the patient not to receive different doses of the recommended amounts, which prevents the repetition of tests and unnecessary exposure to radiation. The management of waste following the rules and laws established and required for its management. Tests for quality control of gamma chambers help to evaluate its medical performance through image. In part of diagnostic radiology, tests for quality control are performed in order to verify that the equipment is acceptable for usage or if repairs are needed. The knowledge acquired at the internship consolidated the learning of graduation course

Aesthetic rehabilitation of a complicated crown-root fracture of the maxillary incisor: combination of orthodontic and implant treatment

The aim of this paper is to present a complex rehabilitation, of fractured tooth, with implants in anterior region considering the orthodontics extrusion to clinical success. At 7 years old, the patient fractured the maxillary left central incisor and the dentist did a crown with the fragment. Twenty years later, the patient was referred to a dental clinic for orthodontic treatment, with the chief complaint related to an accentuated deep bite, and a professional started an orthodontic treatment. After sixteen months of orthodontic treatment, tooth 21 fractured. The treatment plan included an orthodontic extrusion of tooth 21 and implant placement. This case has been followed up and the clinical and radiographic examinations show excellence esthetic results and satisfaction of patient. The forced extrusion can be a viable treatment option in the management of crown root fracture of an anterior tooth to gain bone in a vertical direction. This case emphasizes that to achieve the esthetic result a multidisciplinary approach is necessary.