Comparison of epinephrine and felypressin pressure effects in 1K1C hypertensive rats treated or not with atenolol

Epinephrine is considered the gold standard vasoconstrictor for hypertensive patients, but few studies report felypressin’s effects. The present study aimed to analyze and compare the effects of these two vasoconstrictors, injected by the intravenous route, on the arterial pressure of normotensive, hypertensive and atenolol-treated hypertensive rats. Method The hypertension model was one-kidney-one-clip (1K1C): the main left renal artery was partially constricted and the right kidney was surgically removed in 45-day-old male Wistar rats. 1K1C hypertensive rats received atenolol (90 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 2 weeks. 28–35 days after hypertension induction, a catheter was inserted into the left carotid artery to record direct blood pressure values. The following parameters were recorded: minimal hypotensive response, maximal hypertensive response, response duration and heart rate. Results Epinephrine, but not felypressin, exerted an important hypotensive action; non-treated hypertensive rats showed more pronounced vasodilation. Treated and non-treated rats showed hypertensive responses of the same magnitudes in all groups; 1K1C atenolol rats showed reduced hypertensive responses to both vasoconstrictors. Felypressin’s response duration was longer than that of epinephrine in all groups. Epinephrine increased heart rate while felypressin reduced this parameter only in the normotensive group. Conclusions Our results suggest that felypressin has equipotent pressure responses when compared with epinephrine, showing a greater extent of action. Atenolol’s reduction of hypertensive effects surprisingly suggests that atenolol β-blockade may also be important for felypressin’s cardiovascular effect, as is widely known for epinephrine. Our data suggest that felypressin is safe for hypertensive subjects, in particular those receiving atenolol.

Effects of High-Intensity Interval vs. Continuous Moderate Exercise on Intraocular Pressure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Performance of low/correct pressure radial ply tires

Extensive field testes were conducted using the UCD single wheel tester employing three large radial ply tractor tires in two different soils, four different soil conditions, two axle load levels, and three levels of tire inflation pressures in order to quantify the benefits of using low/correct inflation pressures. During these tests slip, net traction, gross traction, and dynamic axle load were recorded. Furthermore, soil moisture content, cone index, and dry bulk density data were obtained at test locations. The results of the analysis showed a significant increase in net traction and traction efficiency when low/correct inflation was used. Benefits of using low/correct pressure was higher in tilled soil conditions.

Pressure field in the cathode-anode region of a high-power klystron amplifier

The pressure field of a high-power klystron amplifier in the cathode and anode region was investigated. The investigation was performed using a 1.3 GHz, 100 A and 240 kV high-power klystron with five reentrant coaxial cavities, assembled in cylindrical drift tube 1.2 m long. The diffusion equation in mathematical model was also solved by using a 3-D finite element method code, in order to obtain pressure profile in region of interest. The results show that density profile of molecules between cathode-anode region was determined, where cathode pressure is approximately 10% higher than anode pressure.

Crystallization and optical properties of CCTO thin films under pressure influence

CCTO thin films were deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO 2/Si substrates using a chemical (polymeric precursor) and pressure method. The pressure effects on the CCTO thin films were evaluated by XRD, FEG-SEM and optical properties. Pressure films were found to be more homogeneous and dense than chemical deposition films. Pressure also leaded to an increase in the photoluminescence emission; it is suggested that the displacement of Ti in the titanate clusters, favors the charge transference from TiO 6 to [TiO 5V o z], TiO 5V o z] to [CaO 11V o z] and [TiO 5V o z] to [CuO 4] x. The low synthesis temperature used in the pressure method allows the deposition of films on less expensive substrates (i.e. glass, aluminum, polymer and others).

Red shift and higher photoluminescence emission of CCTO thin films undergoing pressure treatment

CCTO thin films were deposited on Pt(1 1 1)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using a chemical (polymeric precursor) and pressure method. Pressure effects on CCTO thin films were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and optical properties which revealed that a pressure film (PF) is denser and more homogeneous than a chemical film (CF). Pressure also causes a decrease in the band gap and an increase in the photoluminescence (PL) emission of CCTO films which suggests that the pressure facilitates the displacement of Ti in the titanate clusters and the charge transference from TiO6 to [TiO5V0z], [TiO5V0z] to [CaO11V0z] and [TiO5V0z] to [CuO4]x. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A possible tricritical line in Ni(NO3)2 · 2H2O

We obtain the behaviour of the critical (possibly tricritical) point for metamagnetic Ni(NO3)2·2H2O as a function of several applied hydrostatic pressures up to 11 kbar. The obtained line of possible tricritical points greatly suggests a pressure induced metamagnetic transition in a 0.8 kbar range. © 1987.

ADJUSTED F FACTOR FOR MULTIPLE-OUTLET PIPES.

An adjusted F factor to compute pressure head loss in pipes having multiple, equally spaced outlets is derived for any given distance from the first outlet to the beginning of the pipe. The proposed factor is dependent on the number of outlets and is expressed as a function of the J. E. Christiansen's F factor. It may be useful to irrigation engineers to estimate friction in sprinkle and trickle irrigation laterals and manifolds, as well as gated pipes.

Thermoeconomic functional analysis applied in cogeneration systems associated to cellulose plants

Thermoeconomic Functional Analysis is a method developed for the analysis and optimal design of improvement of thermal systems (Frangopoulos, 1984). The purpose of this work is to discuss the cogeneration system optimization using a condensing steam turbine with two extractions. This cogeneration system is a rational alternative in pulp and paper plants in regard to the Brazilian conditions. The objective of this optimization consists of minimizing the global cost of the system acquisition and operation, based on the parametrization of actual data from a cellulose plant with a daily production of 1000 tons. Among the several possible decision variables, the pressure and temperature of live steam were selected. These variables significantly affect the energy performance of the cogeneration system. The conditions which determine a lower cost for the system are presented in conclusion.

Hydrothermal treatment of gadolinium oxide in presence of silica

Hydrothermal and solvothermal (isopropanol) treatments of gadolinium oxide and silica were investigated under different pressure and temperature conditions. Products were examined by infrared vibrational spectroscopy (IR), x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (DTA, TG). Hexagonal gadolinium hydroxide was obtained in hydrothermal conditions, even in presence of silica, while no change was observed from isopropanolic medium treatment. Hydrothermally treated samples are more reactive as precursors for solid state reactions in inorganic synthesis.

Evaluation and identification of lightning models by artificial neural networks

This paper describes a novel approach for mapping lightning models using artificial neural networks. The networks acts as identifier of structural features of the lightning models so that output parameters can be estimated and generalized from an input parameter set. Simulation examples are presented to validate the proposed approach. More specifically, the neural networks are used to compute electrical field intensity and critical disruptive voltage taking into account several atmospheric and structural factors, such as pressure, temperature, humidity, distance between phases, height of bus bars, and wave forms. A comparative analysis with other approaches is also provided to illustrate this new methodology.

Design of microirrigation systems in sloping lands using linear programming

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Optimization of neutral hydrolysis reaction of post-consumer PET for chemical recycling

The neutral hydrolysis reaction of post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) in solid state was studied through the reaction of the polymer with water at the molar ratio 1:91 with autogenous pressure. Two sizes of post-consumer PET flakes and temperatures of 135 °C, 170°C and 205°C with pressures of 4.0 atm, 7.5 atm and 13.5 atm, respectively, were considered. With reaction time equal to 6h, the method reached 99% depolymerization at 205°C, 8.2% at 170 °C and 1.7% at 135°C. The reaction extension was measured by separating the terephthalic acid formed in the process and calculating by gravimetry how much material could still be reacted. Through the viscosimetry of diluted, solutions and the counting of carboxylic end groups in the remaining material from the gravimetric assay, it was possible to suggest that the reaction occurs randomly and in the whole volume of the polymeric particle and not solely on the surface. The terephthalic acid obtained and then purified was characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic nuclear resonance, size and panicle size distribution and spectrophotometry in the visible spectrum, and it was similar to the petrochemical equivalent, with purity recorded in carbon base equal to 99.9%.

Powder processing and In Vivo evaluation of a titanium porous coating implant

The processing of titanium porous coatings using powder metallurgy technique to achieve a porous structure that allows osseointegration with bone tissue was discussed. The porous microstructure exhibited micropores and interconnected macropores with size ranges that allowed bone ingrowth. The macropores in the coatings were originated from the binder evaporation while the micropore was related with the porous titanium powder and the low compaction pressure used. The in vivo evaluation indicated that osseointegration had occurred between the bone and porous material.

Thermal evaporation: Representation of rise in boiling point of grapefruit juice

The rise in boiling point of grapefruit juice was experimentally measured at soluble solids concentrations in the range of 9.3-60.6 °Brix and pressures between °6.0 × 103 and 9.0 × 104 Pa. Different approaches to represent experimental data, including the Dhring's rule, the Antoine equation and empirical models proposed in the literature were tested. In the range of 9.3-29.0 °Brix, the rise in boiling point was nearly independent of pressure, varying only with juice concentration. Considerable deviations of this behavior began to occur at concentrations higher than 29.0 °Brix. Experimental data could be best predicted by adjusting an empirical model, which consisted of a single equation that takes into account the dependence of rise in boiling point on pressure and concentration. © SAGE Publications 2007.