Aprendizagem e desenvolvimento humano: avaliações e intervenções

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

O lugar do afetivo no desenvolvimento da criança: implicações educacionais

This study, of theoretical nature, aims to analyse some propositions of Historic and Cultural psychology about human psyche, especially regarding the constitution of affective processes in relation to child development. Therefore, brings together some principles of Spinozist philosophy that underlie the Vigotskian thought about affections and postulates that, for this school of psychology, on the basis of human development are the social experience and subject-object relation, constitutive of cognitive and affective processes. The analyses developed over the text indicate that social mediators - signs and instruments - subsidize the formation of activity and consciousness in a process that legitimizes the historic and social origin of affective functions. The paper aims to highlight the role of education as a privileged place of access to knowledge capable of transforming ways of thinking, feeling and acting of children through the processes of teaching and learning.

Saúde e desenvolvimento humano

Este livro está dividido em quatro seções. Na primeira, que trata da Sexualidade e Corporeidade, os temas apresentados abordam o conceito de corporeidade, gênero e a busca por serviços de saúde, a imagem corporal em mulheres com depressão e a política de redução de danos em situações de sexualidade e vulnerabilidade. Na segunda seção, Intercorrências no desenvolvimento infantil, os temas se referem ao desenvolvimento infantil, abordando os efeitos do chumbo e da escolaridade, as habilidades sociais de crianças com irmão com transtorno de espectro autístico ou com desenvolvimento típico, e a ocorrência de estresse e bullying em crianças em condição de sobrepeso e obesidade. A terceira seção, intitulada Adolescentes: maternidade, fatores de risco e de proteção aborda o tema da gravidez e maternidade da adolescência, as interações familiares de mães adolescentes e os fatores de risco e de proteção em adolescentes com transtorno mental. A quarta seção, intitulada Manejo de estresse e outros fatores em diferentes populações adultas, aborda o estresse em universitários com desordens temporomandibulares, em motoristas de ônibus urbano ou em pacientes com líquen oral

Escolaridade de professores atuantes na educação infantil da cidade de Irati Estado do Paraná

The present study had as the main purpose to verify the teacher’s formation who update in the child education institutions of the Irati city (Parana State – Brazil), throughout the years of 2005, 2006 and 2007, and their implications for the pedagogical actions. Seven institutions they had participated of the study. The data collection was made by means of documents of the institutions. A predominance of secondary school in the formation of the teachers was verified, even so had still one high index of professionals with formation level below of this requirement to the legislation. We conclude that it has urgency to the implementation of public politics directed toward the child education, with focus for the formation’s teachers.

Reflexões sobre a formação do leitor mirim: Leitura, Literatura Infantil e Bibliotecas Escolares

This paper seeks to relate issues to the formation of the reader and school routines that directly interfere in the way responsible for the mediation work there included the act of reading, and also reflect on the pedagogical implications arising therefrom. The resumption of data generated in research developed in the years 2007 to 2010 shows that both the classroom as the school library has been constituted as ambiance suitable for training the child reader. Theoretical and methodological concepts related to child development in the act of reading is presented by discussing access to books and children’s literature led to the formation of the child reader, linking them to the old and new reading technologies.

Influência do ambiente rural e urbano no desenvolvimento funcional de crianças de até seis anos de idade

The influence of the environment on psychomotor development of children is evidenced in many studies. Many factors can threaten children’s development and hinder the children with regard to functional activities. Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the possible effects of urban and rural environment on the functional performance of children under six years old. Methods: The study included 30 children divided into two groups, one group consisted of 15 children of both genres with a mean age of 44.13 ± 20.97 months, residing in urban area and another for 15 children, both sexes with a mean age of 44.33 ± 20.91 months, residing in rural areas. All were tested using functional Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), which is based on an evaluation trial, conducted through structured interviews with those responsible for the child. This test outlines the functional profi le of children in three performance areas: self-care, mobility and social function, evaluated in three parts (functional skills, caregiver assistance and modifi cations to the environment). In this study we used the parts I (funcional skills) and II (caregiver assistance) in three areas: self-care, mobility and social function. The collected data were analyzed by means of the Mann - Whitney test, with the level of signifi cance at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results show no signifi cant difference in the areas of self-care and mobility, both in relation to functional abilities when the caregiver assistance. In the area of social function, there was a lower performance of children living in rural areas, in functional abilities (p = 0.027) and caregiver assistance (p = 0.028). Conclusion: Based on this information, we can conclude that children who live in rural areas have a worse development of the social functions of children living in urban areas.

Perfil comunicativo de crianças que ingressaram na educação infantil após os cinco anos de idade

Objective: To characterize the communicative behaviors of children who entered in Primary School after the age of five. Methods: It was a descriptive study, held in a city at the countryside of Parana state (Brazil), in the years 2007 and 2008, in both school and home environments. Twelve children of both genders joined in the study, with age ranging from five years and two months to six years, besides their mothers and respective teachers. Interviews were conducted with mothers and a questionnaire for teachers. Afterwards, observations of the communication of children in school and home environments were conducted. Data analysis focused on those relevant to children’s development and school performance, trying to determine their communicative profile in school and home environments, from protocols regarding the indicators of communication means and functions. Results: The results indicated the presence of a child with poor general health, with complications from the pregnancy period, with motor and language delays and low school performance. It was also observed that all children used verbal means to communicate and the highest frequency of communicative functions appeared in home environment, indicating an important aspect to be considered in the stimulation of communication of these children. Conclusion: Data from this study showed that the children benefited more of contexts planned with family interlocutors.

Assessoria Fonoaudiológica na Educação Infantil

This study aims at indicating possibilities for speech therapists at schools of Primary Education. The project was developed in three centers of Primary Education in Irati, Paraná. It took into consideration 114 students and 30 teachers. Teachers filled in questionnaires and attended conferences. Regarding to the children, it was constructed a profile and activities related to phonological subjects. The extension project represented an important role for development of academic skills and competence of the school community.

Educação e desenvolvimento de zero a três anos de idade: contribuições da psicologia histórico-cultural para a organização do ensino

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A importância da arte-educação na educação infantil

O Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso na área de Arte e Educação terá por objetivo refletir sobre a temática da “Arte-educação” tendo como problemática central “A importância da arte-educação na educação infantil”. A importância arte no desenvolvimento infantil é indiscutível, pois a experiência artística é um fator humanizador, cultural, que cria inúmeras significações e produz em cada um a percepção da própria capacidade de transformação, além de proporcionar a oportunidade de desenvolvimentos de potenciais, comunicação e interação. Portanto, a arte-educação, uma abordagem, influenciada pelo pósmodernismo, que tem como objetivo fundamental o desenvolvimento da habilidade crítica de interpretação das obras de arte, assim como dos elementos visuais que compõem a vida contemporânea, levando em conta o contexto social e cultural, faz com que as crianças tenham, além do encorajamento de sua originalidade, liberdade e espontaneidade, um ensino que se sustenta na inter-relação entre história da arte, leitura da obra e o fazer artístico. Para tal estudo será tratada a história da arte no Brasil, a arte na escola brasileira desde os seus primórdios, a importância desta para a formação do ser social infantil. A metodologia utilizada para a elaboração e desenvolvimento deste trabalho se realizará através da abordagem qualitativa, feita por pesquisa bibliográfica para justificar a problemática em questão.

A importância do incentivo ao desenho infantil

The present work's objective is to analyze the benefits of drawing for child development, encouraging children to draw. By doing this research, we want to prove the strengths that drawing can bring to the life of a child in areas such as emotional, intellectual, social, perceptual and motor development, seeking ways to encourage drawing for children. This research is bibliographic and focuses on authors like Viktor Lowenfeld, Robert Read, Edith Derdik, Georges-Henri Luquet, Ana Mae Barbosa and others who advocate drawing as a significant form of expression for child development

As contribuições do desenho na educação infantil

O objetivo desse trabalho foi o de levantar, a partir de aportes teóricos da área, as contribuições do desenho para o desenvolvimento infantil. Analisar a prática pedagógica de professores com a utilização do desenho na Educação Infantil em duas escolas municipais e, a partir desse contato, traçar paralelos e investigar como são aplicados o desenho em sala de aula, como também verificar como as coordenadoras pedagógicas orientam o grupo de professores de sua escola e como consideram a importância do mesmo. O conhecimento sobre a arte infantil precisa ser respeitada, pois por meio do desenho a criança expressa o conhecimento de si mesma e a sua relação com o mundo. O referente estudo também apresenta as características e etapas de desenvolvimento do desenho infantil, de acordo com as concepções dos estudiosos mais conhecidos, como Lowenfeld, Luquet, Piaget, Marthe Berson e Kellogg, que permitem esclarecer de que maneira acontece a evolução dos desenhos de acordo com a faixa etária de cada criança, facilitando assim, a construção do portifólio, ferramenta avaliativa utilizada na Educação Infantil. O desenho traz para a criança a ampliação do conhecimento de mundo que a ela possui e a manipulação e exploração de diversos materiais e objetos. E também proporciona para a criança a ampliação da sua capacidade criadora, desenvolvendo a imaginação, atuando de forma significativa para a organização de pensamentos e sentimentos, além de impactar positivamente sobre os aspectos emocionais, motores, intelectuais, físicos, perceptuais, sociais e estéticos.

Educação e desenvolvimento da criança na primeira infância: o campo das responsabilidades

The new educational context requires the prospect of a more playful and pedagogic practices more flexible, and that meets promote child development, which includes the child in her singularity and allows her to read display that features the world, that stimulates exercise and allow the creative act that respects the feelings and emotions she has, which values ​​the different forms of infantile expression. The child needs and is entitled to promote his integral development potential. Therefore, it is necessary to have professional commitment to promote a quality educational services for children.

O emprego da literatura na educação infantil: a investigação e intervenção com professores de pré-escola

INTRODUCTION: The children's schools are expanded spaces of education and care for infants. The educator's role as mediator in learning is crucial to child development, and the use of children's books can act as an important methodological and pedagogical resource in this process. METHODS: This paper describes a psychoeducational intervention performed with the educators of a public pre-school with the following objectives: (a) register the collection of children's books of the school, (b) investigate the acquisition and use of children's books by the teachers and (c) offer an intervention to teachers regarding the educational use of children's books. The participants were seven educators who worked with children from 2 to 6 years old. RESULTS: The results indicate that among the 315 books in the school, the majority was about animal stories (75 books), fantasy and mystery (38), fairy tales and fables (34), formal learning (33), learning rules (33) and about nature and environment (22). The educators reported that the choice of books was made mainly considering the age group to which the books were directed, and also from the themes found in texts and/ or illustrations. Although the teachers believe that the books can encourage reading among children, they don't describe their use in planned activities and they report lack of knowledge about their use. CONCLUSION: The proposed intervention to the teachers allowed them to rethink the use of books in pre-school, instructing them to the utilization of the books aiming to stimulate the imagination and creativity, improving the critical and reflexive capability of the children.

Contribuições da epistemologia genética para a construção do conhecimento na educação infantil

The kindergarten has as main objective the development of the child from zero to five years in their physical, emotional, cognitive and social domains. This is also the goal of the Centers for Children Living from the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) that caters to children of teachers, technical and administrative staff and students. In this work we report some of the action of the Technical Commission of the CCIs with reflections on the construction of children's knowledge through observations of the CCIs in different campuses of Unesp, conducted through technical visits. As a theoretical contribution we adopt the Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget. Partial results show that, although there are efforts to understand and assist the process of constructing knowledge of children, many challenges remain to be overcome in the realization of an excellent service to children.