Helena de Machado de Assis; Imagens literárias e a retórica da morte da nação inconclusa

Helena is the romance of perishable and discontinuous title character denominator of a dialectic that does not consume and build the narrative by sequential fragmentation combined with episodic frame. The novel is a lightning stroke to the romantic literary project. Therefore, this study aims to find "objective" elements of the novel that would constitute a conception of literary nation proposed by Machado de Assis, as in classical writing, where women are engaged as a metaphor for the nation by a non-cultural heroism, as the example of the Greek myth of Helena, where the feminine represents a mythical image of the nation. The paper's theoretical conception of the history of Walter Benjamin, that is, that is constructed as an allegorical appeal, the conclusions about the disciplinary society of nineteenth century of Michel Foucault, the construction of the nation as a subtle game to remember and forget of Wander Miranda and the rhetoric of death and loss reflected in the speeches of the cultural heritage of José Reginaldo Santos Gonçalves, which allow you to analyze the work permeated by subjectivity and existential conflicts by Machado, who has it arranged in dialectic with the avant-garde literary romanticism and realism. In this relationship with the Greek myth of Helen, explained that characters with the nickname of Helena in Machado's work are not uncommon. As in classical Helena, Machado s Helena uses three rhetorical are the cause of the seizure of the nation. In this game of remembering and forgetting, in the daily plebiscite, Machado draw ideal images that forged our mythical past and commitment to the future. The suffering love of Helena is suffering from failure of the nation which would have led the author to the use of allegorical language, seeking a balance in the chaos generated by the opposition between cruelty and pity widespread view in an area where only left the character's confession guilt for the death. It is a simulacrum of unfinished nation, the space for the game of remembering and forgetting, while the rhetoric of negotiation of our Brazilianness

O gênero blog: ação social e multimodalidade.

Studies about discursive genres peak at a necessity to understand how these genres work in a society that is more and more submissive to the technology of informatics such as ours. In acknowledging that the virtual context of the Internet provides the manifestation and development of new genres of the discourse, we perceived that the online journal, or blog, as commonly known, is responsible for a variety of linguistic phenomena that would normally take severaI years to consolidate. Since its appearance in 1997 blogs rush as a virtual version of the personal diary and in a short time due to communicative demands suffers several changes, making new categories of blog genres emerge. Facing such phenomena, this work intends at first to characterize blogs as a genre that exercises a social action, evidencing its formal, structural and pragmatic characteristics from the notion of recurrence and rhetoric in a discursive-semiotic perspective. The methodological postulates adopted by this research are considered of qualitative basis in the sense that they are not restricted to looking at the discursive events as a product, but mainly they take into consideration a group of situational, cultural and ideologic factors that are present in the constitution of genre.

Indícios sincrônicos de gramaticalização: o uso do verbo chegar em orações coordenadas e na perífrase verbal [chegar (e) + v2]: contribuições para o ensino de gramática.

Based on North American Functional Linguistic Theory, our proposal is to describe and analyze the use of verb CHEGAR in verbal periphrasis such as [CHEGAR (E) + V2], where CHEGAR does not demonstrate a significance linked to physical movement. In linguistic literature, such periphrasis has been attributed several functions, related to aspectualization, emphasis of negative segments, and construction of mental spaces, among others. This study considers that the function of verb CHEGAR in the periphrasis in question is to indicate a global aspect, emphasizing a range of semantic-pragmatic nuances such as the sudden, instantaneous, or even abrupt character of the events refered to by the principal verb of the construction (V2), and/or the taking of initiative (sudden) by the agent (in the syntactic role of periphrastic subject), and/or subjective evaluations which go from surprise to frustration. Our objectives are the following: i) to describe and analyze the semanticpragmatic, morphosyntactic and social relationships which characterize the use of CHEGAR in verbal periphrases like [CHEGAR (E) + V2] and in coordinated/juxtaposed speech in which CHEGAR is the principal verb of the first utterance and is an elocution verb and the principal verb of the second; ii) identify, based on this description and analysis, synchrony proof in the grammaticalization of CHEGAR as an auxiliary verb in the periphrasis refered to. There was observed to be a strong similarity between coordinate/juxtaposed and periphrastic constructions. Such similarities strengthen the hypothesis that the use of CHEGAR as a lexical verb in coordinate/juxtaposed structures is the origin of the use of CHEGAR in the periphrastic structure, since the many properties encountered with higher frequency in lexical use are also just as frequently used as auxiliaries. Nevertheless, between the two constructions being studied, sufficient difference can be observed to see that CHEGAR, in the periphrasis [CHEGAR (E) V2], is behaving like an auxiliary verb, and shows typical properties of these types of verbs: i) in 100% of occurrences, it does not have a complement;ii) it has a co-referential subject in 100% of cases; iii) it does not appear with intervening material between it and V2. Besides this, CHEGAR, in periphrases, is predominant in nonneutral evaluation contexts, denoted by V2. Inspired by the results obtained, we propose strategies for the discussion of the [CHEGAR (E) V2] periphrases in both elementary and high schools.

O evangelho por escrever: uma leitura do desassossego nos fragmentos de Bernardo Soares.

Cette recherche a pour but d approfondir des études qui mettent en lumière des particularités inhérentes au processus de l écriture fragmentaire. Notre intérêt pour ce thème provient de la poétique fragmentaire du Le livre de l intranquillité composé par Bernardo Soares, assistant de notaire et sémi-hétéronime de l écrivain Fernado Pessoa. Notre approche de ce genre textuel commencera par une méthodologie comparative qui nous donnera des notions pour que nous puissions établir quelques rapports de ressemblances et différences entre fragments, maximes, aphorismes et réflexions dont le corpus littéraire sera le journal intime de l intranquilité soarianne, ainsi que la fragmentation du simulacre d auteur au cours des années pendant lesquelles le Livre a été écrit. Le livre de l intranquillité lance des « pulvérisations » réflexives, lesquelles demeurent actuelles, étant donné que le processus de l écriture fragmentaire semble être toujours dans un mouvement constant et, donc, dans l ambiance du à venir. À partir de cela, nous avons passés pour quelques entraves pour essayer d établir une définition pour ce qui serait l écriture fragmentaire. Nous chercherons des points d intersection visant à établir des paradigmes pour obtenir des notions plus précises sur ce genre textuel, concernant les maximes, aphorismes et sentences refléxives.

A dialética do amor em pigmaleão, de G. B. Shaw.

Pygmalion (1913), by George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), has many studies in literary criticism. However, this study brings a new interpretation to Shaw s play based on Harold Bloom s theory and methodology, that is, the anxiety of influence and the dialectic of revisionism. Through the analysis of poetic influence and the dialectic of love, we can see that Pygmalion represents an apophrades in relation to William Shakespeare s The Taming of the Shrew (1593) and Ovid s myth of Pygmalion and Galatea in Metamorphosis (c. 14), which creates a family romance between the three stories. Shaw s play surpasses The Taming of the Shrew when it shows the possibility of the relation between this parent poem and Ovid s myth, which it is also its parent poem, and because it represents a strong misreading of Shakespeare s play as well as of Ovid s myth.

Os espaços poéticos de um cronista contador

This study discusses chronicler Rubem Braga and his chronicles published in O Estado de São Paulo newspaper (supplement Caderno 2), from 1988 to 1990. The analysis of the 84 chronicles focuses on the study of poetic spaces, mainly based on Gaston Bachelard s book The Poetics of Space. Narrator s characteristics are also shown in the analyzed chronicles, as he resembles a traditional storyteller, even though participates in a genre that belongs to a modern vehicle: the newspaper. The storyteller-chronicler moves in time and space, reporting his experiences to the readers, and also travels inside of himself, discovering places which were kept in his memory

Mercadores de sentidos: a comunicação de vendedores ambulantes com estrangeiros por meio da intercompreensão multilíngue

This paper aims, starting with the studies of languages in contact and communicative competence, to locate and describe the interlanguage, a linguistic phenomenon observed in the interaction between beach sellers and foreign tourists. We seek to discover whether those interacting use some kind of pidgin, or some code as a lingua franca. We also seek to identify the manner in which the features of communicative competence are presented by analyzing the various competences that composes it - linguistic, sociolinguistic, pragmatic and psycholinguistic. The analysis of speech acts, the maxims and conversational implicatures given in the corpus were important to verify whether those interacting were successful in their attempt at multilingual intercomprehension.

O Arbusto dos Anjos

A presente dissertação de mestrado, intitulada O ARBUSTO DOS ANJOS, apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da Linguagem, do CCHLA/UFRN, para obtenção do título de Mestra em Estudos da Linguagem, objetiva realizar uma leitura da obra anjosiana Eu (1912), de modo a identificar, no teor dialético de seus versos, uma atitude crítica do poeta frente à realidade instituída, assumindo, para tanto, dimensões utópicas que o fazem vislumbrar outras possibilidades de existência. Como fundamentação teórica, apóia-se em Nietzsche, em cujos textos de A Vontade de Poder (1884-1888) toma de empréstimo uma concepção de niilismo díspar do fatalismo e da resignação, porque voltada para uma negação das verdades instituídas; também baseia-se no pensamento de Benjamin, em suas Teses sobre o conceito de história (1940), de onde é possível enxergar, no desvio revolucionário pelo passado, uma oportunidade de construir um futuro diferente do agora. O estudo analisa alguns poemas de Augusto dos Anjos, tomando-os como realidade criadora que mantém pontos de contato com a realidade imediata do poeta. Apoiando-se no método de análise de Antonio Candido (2004), esta dissertação privilegia o estudo de cinco sonetos constituintes do Eu, a saber: O Lázaro da Pátria , Ricordanza della mia Gioventú , A Árvore da Serra , Debaixo do Tamarindo e Vozes da Morte . Identifica na sua abordagem lírica rasgadora de normas e aglutinadora de sonhos, o fundamento paradoxal que sustenta o niilismo utópico de Augusto dos Anjos, no qual protagoniza a voz dos oprimidos, digna de ser recordada no espaço sempre emblemático do texto literário

Mecanismos de coesão referencial na produção escrita de alunos concluintes do ensino fundamental

This work aims to identify, describe and analyze the main mechanisms of reference present in the texts produced by students that are finishing their fundamental school. With this in mind, we observe 46 Portuguese classes. The class was in its 9th Fundamental level, in a public school of the Cruzeta, RN. In this period, we collected our corpus that is composed by the papers that students produced. This research has an ethnographic approach and it has as theoretical support some studies about some mechanisms of reference, specifically, the lexical repetition and anaphor. In general, we are based on the studies about cohesive mechanisms from authors as Adam (2008); Beaugrande and Dressler (1981, 1997); Koch (1999, 2004, 2005, 2008), Marcuschi (1983, 1992, 2005, 2006); Bessa Neto (1991) and Neves (2006). In the corpus, we could identify some lexical repetitions (literal, with estrutural variation), as well as, anaphors, mainly pronominal ones. Then, we can notice that most students have showed difficulties in the use of those mechanisms of reference as a strategy of textual progression

Mecanismos de coesão referencial na produção escrita de alunos concluintes do ensino fundamental

This work aims to identify, describe and analyze the main mechanisms of reference present in the texts produced by students that are finishing their fundamental school. With this in mind, we observe 46 Portuguese classes. The class was in its 9th Fundamental level, in a public school of the Cruzeta, RN. In this period, we collected our corpus that is composed by the papers that students produced. This research has an ethnographic approach and it has as theoretical support some studies about some mechanisms of reference, specifically, the lexical repetition and anaphor. In general, we are based on the studies about cohesive mechanisms from authors as Adam (2008); Beaugrande and Dressler (1981, 1997); Koch (1999, 2004, 2005, 2008), Marcuschi (1983, 1992, 2005, 2006); Bessa Neto (1991) and Neves (2006). In the corpus, we could identify some lexical repetitions (literal, with estrutural variation), as well as, anaphors, mainly pronominal ones. Then, we can notice that most students have showed difficulties in the use of those mechanisms of reference as a strategy of textual progression

"Tudo" em Natal : definitude, implicaturas e contribuições para o ensino de língua materna

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Ave! Mossoró! : os mecanismos discursivos sobre o episódio da resistência ao bando de Lampião

This thesis has as objective the interdiscursive relations in the process of language construction in use in the poetic and in the journalistic spheres, with the purpose of perceiving how the genre news is constituted in different fields of social activity, as well as to analyze the argumentative processes that structure the written discourses about the resistance episode to the group of Lampião in Mossoró in the year of 1927. The corpus of the research is constituted by the news of the period informed in the printed newspapers: Correio do povo and O Nordeste, both from Mossoró/RN, and the narratives presented in the cordéis de acontecido : Mossoró in the resistance to the group of Lampião; Lampião in Mossoró in 1927, and Mossoró attacking to the group of Lampião, all potiguar poets. The analysis of the texts had as theoretical background the studies of: The texts analysis had as theoretical background The Discourse Analysis; The Argumentation Theory and the studies about Discourse Genres. We focused our discussion in the emphasis given to the news in the discursive perspective of the social-historic memory constructed in the cordéis, from ideological values (political, economical, religious etc.) that pass to be a fundamental element in the constitution of the image of the resistance. Methodologically, this is a documental research, since it makes use essentially of the written document. Regarding to the nature of the data, the research is characterized as a qualitative one. In the analysis, we considered the argumentative techniques adopted in the defense of the thesis, the meaning effects suggested, and the genres mentioned, that revealed to us the manner in which the episode was informed by the newspapers and the cordéis. That way, we affirm, based on the positions assumed by the announcers of the genres analyzed who defended clearly positions in favor of the defense of Mossoró, that the relation between both is captured interdiscursively, since they are asked by the same ideology, and converge to the same discursive formation, defending identical positions, and structuring their discussions with resembling argumentative techniques, reason by which take us to believe that the discourse presented in that social activity demonstrates and develops traces of a manipulation of the subject. In this case, the discursive construction of the text points towards determining standard of repetition, since the linguistic context is characterized in the journalistic field, and in the poetic field assuming, in the first instance, a local expression

O retrato de Eros em Florbela Espanca: um estudo sobre a escrita erótica em Charneca em Flor

Portuguese Poet Florbela Espanca (1984 1930) lived and produced her literary work during a period in which, on the one hand, the ideals of an innovative and irreverent movement were being fomented led by Fernando Pessoa, Almada Negreiros and Mário de Sá-Carneiro , on the other hand, Portugal was still dominated by a conservative and authoritarian thought, anchored in a bourgeois-christian ideology. Inserted in an unfavorable social context to the expression of the female sexual impulse, poet Florbela then appears with an innovative speech as threatening the sexual organization of the Portuguese society. This way, considering the relations between the poetic text and the historical-social context, the aim of this work is to present a reading upon the Eroticism in The Flowering Heath (2005) as a way to contravene the borders given to the sexual phenomenon. For this reason, we will mainly resort to the concepts developed on the approach of Georges Bataille The Eroticism (2004) and also by Octavio Paz The Double Flame: Love and Eroticism (2001)

Das margens do espelho: um estudo dos reflexos da morte em primeiras estórias, de João Guimarães Rosa

This paper is divided into three chapters, which are structured as follows: in the first chapter, we examine the figure of death and its characteristics in the context of the work of Guimarães Rosa, within a specific type, determining how this figure comes through " imposition "," no "," memory "and" ritual. " We intend to cover all the possibilities that this aspect denotes. In the second chapter, we found the incidence of the mirror as an analysis of our study, characterizing it as a stylistic condition can become a reading key, necessary for interpretation of the book "First Stories". The characterization of the mirror as an element of analysis has a theoretical foundation which stretches out along other literary works that are based on the same object. By setting the points where these works approach the theories of speculation, we want to justify their use from our perspective

Variação, mudança e ensino: o caso dos pronomes possessivos da gente e nosso(a)(s) em uma abordagem sociofuncionalista

In this work, we analyze the variation and change phenomenon involving the possessive pronouns da gente and nosso(a)(s) in the light of the theoretical referentials of the North-american linguistic functionalism and of the variationist sociolinguistics. At first we present the phenomenon itself, highlighting the fact that few studies have considered it as an object, gap which we will try to fill in with our contribution. In the following chapter, we emphasize concepts and principles of the functionalism and the sociolinguistics that are used as our background for the data analysis. In the third chapter, we present what the normative grammars inform about our object of study, besides synthesizing some works on variation and change involving the personal pronouns nós and a gente. In the following chapter, we analyze the data. We used data from the Discurso & Gramática a língua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998) corpus. In this chapter we present the results for the groups of social and linguistic factors which we can control. Grounded on these results, we specify the preferential contexts for employing the pronouns da gente and nosso(a)(s) and we observe that the social motivations, the valorization credited to the forms and the identity marks underly the restrictions exercised in their use by social factor groups, besides obtaining signs of ongoing changes in apparent time (from the age factor groups) and possible use specializations of each form, what helped us verify the course of the grammaticalization process of the referred pronouns in the community of Natal. In the sixth chapter, we make some considerations on the teaching of grammar and propose activities which can be carried on in the classroom involving the possessive pronouns da gente and nosso(a)(s) considering the variation and change issue