51 resultados para processos de pesquisa
em Repositório digital da Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV
Resumo:
O presente estudo objetivou identificar as principais causas da mortalidade das micro e pequenas empresas brasileiras e como os instrumentos de planejamento e gerenciamento econômico-financeiros podem reduzir esta mortalidade. Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica sobre as micro e pequenas empresas (MPE) em que se identificaram: as definições, as principais características, a importância, as principais necessidades e dificuldades, a taxa de mortalidade e os fatores de mortalidade desse segmento de empresas. Dessa forma, verificou-se que as MPE têm grande importância na economia e sociedade brasileiras. A maioria expressiva (98%) das empresas brasileiras é classificada como MPE, sendo elas responsáveis por 43% da oferta de empregos e por quase a metade de toda a receita e valor da produção do país. O trabalho abordou pesquisas mostrando que as taxas médias de mortalidade das empresas brasileiras são significativas e preocupantes, podendo atingir índices próximos a 60% somente no primeiro ano de sua constituição, em alguns Estados do Brasil. Este fenômeno não pode ser atribuído a um fator isoladamente, mas a um conjunto de fatores ambientais, técnicos, administrativos e outros mais que, combinados, podem ampliar os riscos de fechamento das x empresas. No entanto, grande parte dos estudos aponta problemas de origem financeira como um dos principais fatores condicionantes da mortalidade das MPE. As necessidades mais prementes nas MPE, identificadas na pesquisa bibliográfica, foram: instrumentos de planejamento e gestão, treinamento especializado, capital de giro, crédito a taxas compatíveis com a rentabilidade e formalização dos processos. A pesquisa principal do trabalho é o estudo de caso abordando a experiência vivencial de implantação, planejamento, gerenciamento e controle do Restaurante Buongustaio em Brasília, nos seus 10 meses iniciais de funcionamento. Foram abordadas as principais dificuldades, problemas enfrentados e soluções envolvendo planejamento, gestão, recursos humanos, capital de giro e atendimento a clientes, dentre outros. o estudo de caso possibilitou a aferição de vários conceitos e conteúdos abordados na pesquisa bibliográfica e conclui-se que a utilização dos instrumentos de planejamento e gerenciamento econômico-financeiros, como: plano de negócios, análise econômico-financeira, gerenciamento do fluxo de caixa e de capital de giro, fornece importante contribuição para a sobrevivência e crescimento da micro e pequena empresa, reduzindo o seu risco de falência ou mortalidade prematura.
Resumo:
Os preços altos de produtos farmacêuticos patenteados sempre têm sido uma polêmica na América Latina. Considerando as disparidades económicas na região e a falta histórica do desenvolvimento, muitas vezes os preços altos servem como barreiras contra o acesso aos medicamentos essenciais. Por um lado, as companhias farmacêuticas dizem que os preços elevados são necessários para financiar os processos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento e para gerar um retorno do investimento lucrativo. Por outro lado, os consumidores, tanto privados como públicos, dizem que os preços altos têm resultado em uma falta histórica de medicamentos baratos. Neste debate, ambos lados têm realizado uma série de manobras e contramanobras que têm exposto algumas das vulnerabilidades do setor. Utilizando vários métodos de análise e entrevistas com profissionais no setor, este projeto analisa as vulnerabilidades do setor para determinar o risco, ao mesmo tempo tentando a responder à pergunta: Quais são as ameaças principais na segurança da indústria farmacêutica na América Latina? Justificação deste projeto é o aumento dos crimes relacionados aos produtos farmacêuticos na última década, que têm exposto os pacientes a um número de riscos mais alto. Uma compreensão das ameaças principais é necessária para melhor mitigar o risco, garantir a integridade de produtos e preservar a saúde pública.
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa analisa a difusão das certificações ISO-9000 no Brasil sob o prisma da teoria neo-institucional e de referências sobre modismos gerenciais nas organizações. A premissa é de que muitas dessas decisões de certificação - que se tornou muito popular nas empresas brasileiras desde 1990 - só podem ser entendidas plenamente à luz de sua natureza modal e institucionalizada, e que muitas desses processos podem refletir adoções cerimoniais (isto é "para inglês ver"). Através de questionários aplicados em empresas que buscaram a certificação ISO no Brasil, o estudo procura entender melhor fatores ligados à tomada de decisão sobre a adoção, à estratégia de implantação, aos resultados percebidos e aos mecanismos de justificação dos programas.
Resumo:
O estudo aqui exposto envolve uma pesquisa empírica qualitativa, de natureza exploratória, cuja meta é ilustrar empiricamente algumas conclusões teóricas da tese de doutoramento do autor, em especial aquelas que sugerem que certos fatores (moderadores - variáveis independentes) sob controle da organização podem mediar os efeitos (variáveis dependentes) de enxugamentos na empresa, nos remanescentes e nos demitidos. O método do estudo foi baseado na análise comparada em profundidade de um painel de 4 empresas no Brasil que conduziram processos enxugamentos de pessoal nos últimos anos, e inclui o levantamento e a comparação estruturada de dados junto à direção de cada empresa, sindicatos, líderes comunitários, demitidos e remanescentes.
Resumo:
o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi estudar os impactos nos processos decisórios da Petrobras causados pelo uso mais acentuado da automação e da informatização nos sistemas produtivos da empresa. Para isso, foi feito um levantamento da trajetória destas duas tecnologias e da teoria da decisão e seu uso na Petrobras. Além disso, realizamos uma análise histórica dos modos de produção utilizados durante este século dentro da perspectiva da Teoria da Regulação Francesa. Foram verificados também, os controles externos exercidos sobre as estatais e as possíveis políticas públicas envolvidas com a questão da modernização da gestão destas empresas, focando o caso da Petrobras. Por fim, utilizamos a pesquisa de campo para levantar as percepções dos empregados da Petrobras quanto aos impactos das duas tecnologias nos processos decisórios. Usamos as contribuições conceituais dos quatro paradigmas das ciência ssociais definidos por Burrel & Morgan para a interpretação dos resultados encontrados.
Resumo:
Governmental acquisitions, in Brazil, must be proceeded, as a rule, by means of licitation. Though this principle became constitutional rule only from 1988's Constitution, its existence in Brazilian legal system retraces century XV: by that time, the Filipinas Ordinations ruled it in one only law article. Since then, several rules of law had been incorporated to the Brazilian governmental acquirement system, especially during century XX, hardening the procedures and restricting public manager's discritionarity. Current governmental acquirement system was instituted by the Law nº 8,666/1993, which, however, did not disrupt previous system: with few innovations and more restrictions, it only copied the instruments in the system of the Decree nº 2,300/1986 and previous ones. In its original text, Law nº 8,666/1993 had three licitation procedures for acquisitions - concorrência, tomada de preços, convite - and the exceptional procedures - dispensa and inexigibilidade. Once revealed itself a rigid system, several measures were implemented in order to make it more flexible, having for objectives celerity and price reduction, from discrete alterations of articles of laws to the creation of pregão as a new licitation procedure - initially, there was only the pregão presencial, proceeded face to face - and no longer, the pregão eletrônico, proceeded through web. This research focuses the analysis of the impact of the rigidity / flexibility on Government acquirement system. Despite specialized literature, studies carried through for governmental agencies and state publicity praises the results reached with the use of the pregão eletrônico, the analyses that lead to such conclusion are based on questionable premises. The studies on the efficiency of the pregão eletrônico restrict this concept to its economic dimension, interpreting it as costs reduction. Beyond, the methodology of analysis of this cost reduction has for reference hypothetical values which are also defined by random standards. Here it is, therefore, the objective of this study: to analyze, from the perception of the public managers, the relation between flexibility or rigidity of a procedure and its efficiency, under a multidimensional perspective - taking into consideration, beyond the prices gotten for objects, the time of transaction, the quality of objects and the security of the procedure. From the answers to the questionnaires applied to licitation managers and to members of licitations permanent commissions it was raisen three kinds of information: descriptive data concerning to the ordinal or nominal variables, extracted from the analysis of the objective fields of the questionnaire; not-structuralized, extracted directly from the subjective fields of the questionnaire; e, finally, treated data, extracted from the hypotheses formulated in the research and statistically analyzed. The reflections on the information allowed concluding that the acquirement governmental procedures flexibility extends its efficiency. Restricted the analysis to the pregão eletrônico, it is concluded that it is more efficient under the economic and time perspectives, in relation to the classic procedures; however, under the perspective of the security it does not significantly differs from those; under the qualitative perspective, it is less efficient than the classic procedures, implying in the reduction of the quality of acquired or contracted objects.
Resumo:
This dissertation adds new evidences and explanations to two distinct streams of debate. The first one refers to the globalisation (or dissemination) of technological innovative capabilities in the context of newly industrialised economies. The second one refers to common generalisations about the deterioration of the innovative capabilities in Latin American countries after 1990. This study was motivated by a lack of empirical studies focused on the relationship between the globalisation of innovative capabilities and sources to build them up in emerging organisations, especially R&D institutes. This dissertation is focused on the globalisation of innovative capabilities at the information and communication technology industry in Brazil. The globalisation of innovative capabilities is measured by the technological capabilities types and levels of 18 national R&D institutes related to this industry. Besides, this dissertation examines sources to build up innovative capabilities in the sampled institutes, namely: their intra-organisational learning processes and the linkages established with firms and the technological infra-structure. The study is based on first-hand empirical evidences, collected by different data-gathering sources in an extensive fieldwork. The data were examined with analytical frameworks, organised in the light of the theoretical basis of the study. The study has found the dissemination of innovative capabilities has been occurring in the Brazilian ICT industry with the involvement of the technological infra-structure with innovative activities. Besides that, the variety of the intra-organisational learning processes and the types of linkages established with technological infra-structure and firms have been influencing the development of innovative capabilities. The evidences that emerge from this study contradict common generalizations and arguments about the inexistence of innovative activities and about the technological infra-structure weakness in emerging or newly industrialized economies.
Resumo:
This dissertation seeks to recognize the factors, which are relevant to the construction of the processes Government-to-Government (G2G), and how these factors influence the success of those processes. For this research, two existing cases in Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen) were used: i) the Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN) X Senado Federal case; and the Bacen x Poder Judiciário case. The framework of this dissertation is based on the methodology of multiple study cases described by Robert Yin (2001). This work analyzed separately each of the cases and compared the results obtained in each analysis. In this way, this research aimed at analyzing the reasons that led these cases to gain such distinct outcomes, despite the existing potential benefits in each one of them. The obtained results suggest that three factors influence the success of G2G processes in a relevant way: computational safety; the culture of the organizations involved; and the capacitation of people involved. Each of these factors, according to what results showed, bring a set of considerations which should be observed by the public administrator in relation to the strategies of implementation of G2G processes.
Resumo:
A mudança organizacional caracteriza-se por transformações cada vez mais rápidas, profundas e amplas que exercem um impacto direto nos trabalhadores seja do setor público ou do setor privado. Seus efeitos, positivos ou negativos, geram instabilidade e estresse, ou seja, implicam em renúncias, perdas e adaptações. Ao se observar a mudança organizacional como ciclo de existência em que se pode examinar determinados momentos organizacionais, considerados estratégicos, como forma de pensamento e forma de decisão dos dirigentes. As mudanças tecnológicas, mais facilmente visualizadas e implementadas na Secretaria Municipal de Economia e Finanças da Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus, exigem, muitas vezes, uma mudança cultural. O estudo propõe uma vertente teórica que destaca parte dos esforços interpretativos das situações decisórias. A pesquisa empírica tem como objetivo principal verificar a cultura organizacional e a dependência de poder, através da análise de valor e dos interesses compartilhados pelos grupos de servidores da Prefeitura de Manaus. A cultura organizacional será analisada por meio dos seus elementos, ou seja, por meio dos valores compartilhados entre os dirigentes e os demais funcionários dos diversos setores da Secretaria Municipal de Economia e Finanças. Para este estudo, se utilizará uma amostra composta dos representantes dos diversos setores da Secretaria, tais como: Cadastro, Contabilidade, Fiscalização, Finanças, Tributação e Apoio administrativo. Nesse contexto, enfatizar-se-á a importância de se respeitar o ritmo de aprendizado e mudanças individuais estimulando a participação e reduzindo os riscos de ansiedade diante das mudanças organizacionais.
Resumo:
This work tries to comprehend, throw the prism of the Institutional Theory, the structural process of organizational field of cachaça¿s handicraft producers¿ from a Brazilian countryside region. The role of values and traditions on the determination of the structure and decision making on this industry are analyzed. It is necessary to research historic, economic and social facts, and confront them to the formation of Brazilian society to understand the field¿s formulation. An important aspect of this research is the mapping of isomorphic process and the comparison of the field¿s institutional degree, before and after the changes. It was noticed that the alteration on perception of Cachaça in the national market and the entrance of a new actor oriented by functional rationality are the major reasons for the mimetic changes on this field. As a contribution, this study confirms the applicability of Institutional Theory on analysis of specific fields and shows how this field has structured itself.
Resumo:
This dissertation presents a research aimed at identifying and explaining the individual perceptions as far as the introduction of computer technology concerning the organization change process and the reason underlying those changes, utilizing for study purposes, a customer attendance agency of INSS , located in São Luís-MA, which data collection was carried out by interviews with three managers and application of to thirty employees, all of them working at the unit researched. The core point was to identify feelings and perceptions of individuals, and the reason steering the change actions deployed in this office. Based on this perception, it is presented a literature review on the main thinkers who discussed the role, and the relevance of reasoning in the development of human relations, both in the organizations and in society. To start with, Max Weber thinking on rationality was introduced, on the sequence, the discussion raised by the Frankfurt School in its first phase, mainly on the Max Horkheimer thinking and finally it is shown a summary of Jurgen Habermas thinking, mainly concerning its communicative action theory proposed as a path to emancipation of individual of current instrumental reasoning. Summing up, we can conclude from this research that perceptions, feelings and opinions indicate that the institution uses to discuss with the civil servants the implementation of change process. For those servants the excessive functional control, the limitation of knowledge production and an artificial functional integration are consequences of the shape and intensity, as well as of computer technologies deployed in the institution. It is also shared by most of civil servants, including managers, that the overall participation would have more validity and would decrease the resistance to those changes. And it is also worth registering that despite of the servants having job stability, only 50% have positive expectations as far as its future in the institution.
Resumo:
In a world where the companies are trying to compete on a global scale, the positioning strategies direct them to go beyond the geographical boundaries of their base countries, seeking for other markets, as a way to keep globally competitive. These conditions make crucial the roles performed by their managers, exposed to different contexts, mainly economical, political, social and cultural and to face the task to manage enterprises like a challenge, probably bigger than the one found on their base countries. This speech tries to examine how much expatriated Brazilian managers feel the influence of local cultural factors in their decisional processes, taking into consideration that they are embedded in their cultural home countries, and they can suffer an impact by the culture of other countries. With this research it is intended to gather empirical material that will supply clues and allow to advance on studies that will make a relationship between decisional process and local culture, through a case study in a Brazilian state-owned energy company and its subsidiaries in South American countries, hoping that the mentioned studies will somehow contribute to a better understanding of the problems that have been stressed in the last decades. Also considering that the vast majority of the theoretical and empirical material about this matter has its own source on the western developed countries and are, in this way, culture-bounded, we hope to increase the production of studies and researches applied to the Latin American reality, mainly the Brazilian one.
Resumo:
This research has the objective of analyze the possibilities offered by the use of the graphology in the process of personnel's selection that aim at the completion of current vacancies of job offers. The study is based in the verification of the applicability and forms of use of selection instruments of personal, mainly of those developed with objective of identifying the aptitudes and the characteristics of the individual's personality. Analyzing its applicability, as form of adapting to the reality today, the graphology, besides assisting to the new variables that the global changes impose to the individuals' behavior and his relationship with the companies, appears as alternative and it is occupying, every day, more space in the professional evaluation area. This study offers reasons so that one can consider the graphology analysis as one more instrument to be used in personnel's selection, in agreement with the possibilities and identified limitations, when used for that end. Tends as objective to explain the reasons of the use of the graphology analysis as evaluation tool, the exploratory and explanatory researches were adopted. This explanation will appear, then, of the verification and analysis of the data obtained in the bibliographical and of field researches, which allows like this to base its report, development and applicability.
Resumo:
This academic work describes the interfirm technological learning processes behavior at a thermo plant throughout the years 2001 till 2007. Its former ownership structure was composed by two foreigners companies. This structure was changed by the acquisition of the company control by a Brazilian state owned company on April 2006. The company is a Natural Gas Fired Power Plant placed at Macaé City, at Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil generating electric power right to National Integrated System (SIN). The goal of this research is verify how the technological knowledge had been acquired by the firm and how it had been spread out throughout the organization before and after the change of the ownership structure. The taxonomy applied to determining of ownership structure take in account three parameters: type, specific characteristic and the ownership structure itself. Technological Learning Interfirm Processes have been examined from a model of systemic approach that establishes four key characteristics: ¿variety, intensity, functioning and interaction¿. During 2001 until 2006, till the change of owner structure, the firm developed its own learning processes in its own operational routines. The main learning processes have been identified from empirical evidences. It has been adopted the cut line at year of 2006 for the comparison among the technological learning processes behavior, when the change of ownership structure took place. The data capture occurred within April and August 2007 covering since 2001. Verified the behavior of these learning processes before and after the ownership structure changed from private property to state owned property. The conclusion of this case study suggests that interfirm processes of technological learning identified by the research had their dynamical behavior promptly affected by a change from private to ownerstate ownership structure, exposing the company to a poor performance in its industry, due to the lack of 51% of the technological intrafirm learning processes and reduction of the acquisition of new technical knowledge and its conversion throughout the organization.
Resumo:
O objetivo dessa pesquisa é o estudo dos processos de formação e desenvolvimento da identidade social no trabalho e a análise crítica da mudança organizacional vivida pelo Bull França, empresa de informática em crise. Tentando reduzir a diversidade cultural através da implantação de um novo sistema de recursos humanos, esta emrpesa enfrentou uma forte resistência organizacional. Tentaremos retirar lições dessa experiência