356 resultados para Instituição de pesquisa


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O presente trabalho se configura como um estudo exploratório sobre os condicionantes que permitiram a adoção e a perpetuação do processo de planificação das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de Barcelona. Foram verificados os condicionantes políticos, históricos e sociais, e a gestão de políticas pública. Dentro desta análise, procurou-se desvendar a visão dos agentes envolvidos na concepção dos planos estratégicos instituídos nas duas cidades, observando o que sustentou ao longo do tempo os seus planejamentos e de que forma estes se configuraram. Para tal, utilizaram-se pesquisa documental, bibliográfica, conjuntamente com entrevistas em profundidade semi-estrutradas com agentes envolvidos diretamente na concepção dos planos estratégicos das duas cidades. A partir daí, geraram-se as categorias para a análise do material, que foi analisado por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Concluiu-se ao final que o condicionante que mais influenciou na adoção e na perpetuação do método de planificação em Barcelona foi o condicionante institucional, e no Rio de Janeiro foi o condicionante político.

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In this thesis, the basic research of Chase and Simon (1973) is questioned, and we seek new results by analyzing the errors of experts and beginners chess players in experiments to reproduce chess positions. Chess players with different levels of expertise participated in the study. The results were analyzed by a Brazilian grandmaster, and quantitative analysis was performed with the use of statistical methods data mining. The results challenge significantly, the current theories of expertise, memory and decision making in this area, because the present theory predicts piece on square encoding, in which players can recognize the strategic situation reproducing it faithfully, but commit several errors that the theory can¿t explain. The current theory can¿t fully explain the encoding used by players to register a board. The errors of intermediary players preserved fragments of the strategic situation, although they have committed a series of errors in the reconstruction of the positions. The encoding of chunks therefore includes more information than that predicted by current theories. Currently, research on perception, trial and decision is heavily concentrated on the idea of pattern recognition". Based on the results of this research, we explore a change of perspective. The idea of "pattern recognition" presupposes that the processing of relevant information is on "patterns" (or data) that exist independently of any interpretation. We propose that the theory suggests the vision of decision-making via the recognition of experience.

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Esse trabalho busca identificar as principais características assumidas pelas organizações não-governamentais (ONGs) brasileiras e os fatores que têm contribuído para o expressivo crescimento dessas organizações observado nas duas últimas décadas. A tese aqui defendida é de que elas foram legitimadas pela sociedade, à despeito da nebulosidade que envolve suas práticas. Partindo da constatação de que o termo é polissêmico e de que não há um marco legal consolidado para delimitar claramente o que é uma ONG, a pesquisa adotou um universo bem específico: as ONGs filiadas à Associação Brasileira de Organizações Não-Governamentais (ABONG), sediadas no município do Rio de Janeiro. As características assumidas pelas organizações pesquisadas foram levantadas em entrevistas com seus dirigentes, visitas às suas sedes e nos documentos institucionais disponibilizados. Também foram entrevistados formadores de opinião da sociedade carioca. O levantamento de dados contou ainda com uma revisão da literatura disponível. Foi utilizada a Teoria das Representações Sociais para um melhor entendimento da relação que a sociedade estabeleceu com as ONGs. A tese revela que as características assumidas pelas ONGs são bastante diferenciadas. Sobre os fatores que têm induzido o crescimento dessas organizações, verifica-se uma significativa relação com a redução da atuação do Estado. São também apontados a existência de uma legislação inadequada, as facilidades oferecidas pelas parcerias estabelecidas, a imagem predominantemente positiva na sociedade, a falta de fiscalização e as crescentes demandas sociais do país destacam-se como possíveis indutores da expansão dessas organizações.

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O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é investigar como a inovação tecnológica ajuda a moldar estratégias, para obtenção de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis, em um contexto de globalização. Com base em extensa revisão bibliográfica, compreendendo competitividade, tecnologia, estratégia e alianças estratégicas é explorado o fenômeno da inovação tecnológica e sua inserção na gestão estratégica de quatro empresas dos setores de celulose, siderurgia, químico-farmacêutico e de aplicações médicas da energia nuclear. Inicialmente, o conceito de competitividade e a estrutura industrial brasileira são analisados a luz de três modelos distintos. Também é realizada uma avaliação do conceito de competências essenciais das organizações e arquiteturas estratégicas. Posteriormente é avaliada a relação entre vantagem competitiva e inovação tecnológica e as dimensões estratégicas da tecnologia. Finalmente são descritas as escolas de pensamento estratégico e as relações entre alianças estratégicas e transferência de tecnologia. São analisadas as características estruturais e competitivas de cada um dos setores estudados, bem como apresentados perfis das empresas representantes de cada setor. Os dados de cada uma das empresas foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados são analisados individualmente e posteriormente consolidados. Os resultados do estudo permitiram identificar que a variável tecnológica é inserida na gestão estratégica das empresas em três níveis distintos. O primeiro nível é o de análise; o segundo é o de decisões estratégicas e finalmente o terceiro nível é o de implementação estratégica. Também foram identificadas as fontes de tecnologia normalmente utilizadas pelas organizações objeto do estudo. Por fim, é sugerido que o modelo de estrutura industrial de Porter pode receber contribuições no sentido de incorporar as estratégias cooperativas das empresas por meio de indicadores de cooperatividade.

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The major purpose of this thesis is to verify, from a Brazilian perspective, how global and contextual issues influence the management learning in Multinationals. The management learning derived from the interaction of holding and sidiaries/colligates of Multinational corporation is supposed to be subject to convergent and divergent forces, the former related to global and standardized organizational practices, and the latter, is seen as a social practice subject to cultural and organizational singularities. A model was constructed to relate the dichotomy between the universality of the management practices and technologies and the particularity of the contexts where they operate, to the dichotomy between the singularities in organization and national level. This model is composed of the international, global, managerial and inter-organizational dimensions related, respectively, to the cultural and political diversity; to the universal forces of practices and values; to the managerial capabilities and resources in the organization, consolidated as best practices and to the interaction between holding and subsidiaries and the resulted learning. The combined result of these dimensions influences the knowledge flow and the learning derived from it. The field research was constituted of five cases of internationalized Brazilian firms, with a solid experience in their management systems. The main subjects of this study were executives and ofessionals/managers who respond to the management development. The data were first collected in the headquarters and complemented with visits to subsidiaries/joint ventures in other countries, in loco or with expatriated people who return to Brazil. The central supposition was validated. So, the management learning ¿ is driven by the global capitalism practices and by the global culture where they are immersed, reproducing a hegemonic vision and a common language (global dimension); ¿ incorporates the more propagated and dominant managerial values, although there are some variations when they are applied in the subsidiaries/joint ventures; is the product of the assimilation of international recognized and planned managerial practices, with the acculturation power, although not completely; is the result mainly of the managerial practice in work; is impacted not only by cross-cultural and managerial factors, but also by the business environment of the firm; is given according to the capabilities and resources in the organization, guiding the form of assimilation of practices and technologies, with global application or not (managerial dimension); ¿ is affected by the cross-cultural diversity involving the countries of the holding and the subsidiaries/joint ventures where the firm is and is given as a reproduction of the political context of the holding and subsidiaries countries (international dimension); ¿ faces aligned concurrent institutional pressures between corporate or global systems, practices of other subsidiaries/joint ventures and local practices; is more difficult to reach when there is not permeability between organizational cultures and identities of a Multinational firm; is affected by how much the relationship process across these unities is self-referenced; is facilitated by the construction and improvement of the knowledge network (interorganizational dimension). Finally some contributions of this study are exposed, including extensions of the proposed model and suggestions, recommendations for future research.

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In the last decades of the 21st century, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become one of the most widely debated issues in business management, concerning researchers, politicians, managers and society at large. With multilateral implications in economic and social life, CSR refers, essentially, to the discussion about the boundaries of business intervention in society and the ethical limits that should regulate that intervention. It questions the impact of business practices in social well-being, the role left for corporations and for the State in attending to community needs, and which are, at last, the responsibilities that tie enterprises to society. In this research, CSR is approached from the perspective of its ethical foundations, based on the moral reasoning of the business manager, as a key organizational leader with relevant decision power. Specifically, the research aims to understand how the personal human value system and the ethical orientation of managers influence their attitude towards CSR, considering this attitude as an indicator of managerial behavior that translates into corporate performance. Theoretically, CSR concept is discussed and presented as a set of social commitments, based on a strict interpretation of its meaning. As to human values, its philosophical roots are briefly analyzed and Schwartz modern motivational theory is addressed as main reference for studying the personal value system of managers in this research. Concerning ethics, based on classical theory from moral philosophy, references are seek in John Stuart Mill¿s utilitarianism, Immanuel Kant¿s deontological absolutism, John Rawls¿s theory of justice and the ethics of virtue inspired by Aristotle¿s moral thoughts. Based on an extended literature review, research hypothesis are proposed as part of a theoretical model of analysis named Individual Attitude Towards Social Responsibility Model. In order to test the theory¿s empirical validity, it was conducted a field study with 252 Brazilian managers, mainly from the metropolitan areas of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Results show that managerial attitude aligned with CSR principles is favored by conservative personal values, protectors of stability and centered on collective will, and by an ethical orientation based on egalitarianism as postulated by distributive justice principles. However, results also show that the influence of values and personal ethics on managerial attitude towards CSR only occur in managers younger than 30 years old. Findings and their meanings are discussed, as well as summarized in the Axiological and Ethical Determinants of Managers¿ Social Commitment Model. Finally, methodological limitations are evaluated and clues for further research are suggested.

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The purpose of this thesis is to support the argument that workmanship production centers don¿t represent just survival strategy of social groups marginal to economical structure. Workmanship organizations are productive schemes that survived, in a parallel way, to the industrialization process, although they don¿t have been considered by the organization theory. The knowledge reserve in administration, from the traditional approach to critical studies, increased concerns on industrial organizations and business arrangements. Nevertheless, it is possible to find in Teoria da Delimitação dos Sistemas Sociais, from Guerreiro Ramos, elements to comprehend workmanship organizations as: technology, scale and sustainability, cognition, space and relationship and time. The research methodology used was bibliographic, field and documental, regarding action-research. It comes to the conclusion that, at present time, to keep it as distinct productive schemes, workmanship organizations must be associated to tourism and culture. The production must be thematic, with territorial identity, creative and sustainable, by the management of local raw material.

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The National Water Management Policy was defined by Law 9.433/97 (Water Act), establishing the hydrographic basin as the management unity, independently of geographic limits and respective federal organisms. Nevertheless, water management entities and instruments are directly associated to different federal entities located within the same basin, and depend on them for being effective. The absence of law mechanisms that conciliate the various requisitions of federal organisms located in the same basin is a challenge still without brazilian law support. This study describes the integration process of information systems in Paraíba do Sul river basin. It also emphasizes integration restrictions of these systems, the cooperation level and the instruments used by the various actors and federal organisms in order to meet National Water Management Policy objectives. The management instrument Water Management Information System is presented as an important component that helps the stakeholders decision making process involved in water management, respecting federalism and the water domains defined in the brazilian constitution, and according to the policy established in the Water Act. In theoretical aspects, this work presents the basic concepts of National Water Management Policy institutional arrangement, considering the network aspects in public policy, the limits imposed by federalism and the way that the water domains is defined in the brazilian constitution and according to the brazilian Water Act. Besides, it identifies the most significant questions related with information systems implementation in public administration and water management. It also illustrates how cooperative federalism and information systems may create conditions that do guarantee the National Water Management Policy management instruments operationality within a hydrographic basin. The action research method was used to develop the research and the selected entity was the Fundação Superintendência Estadual de Rios e Lagoas (Serla). Serla was the water management entity in Rio de Janeiro state, at the research beginning. Others methods as bibliographic and documentary research were also used, aiming to describe the hydrographic basin, as well as the processes and systems concerned with the implementation of the National Water Management Policy in Paraíba do Sul basin.

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This thesis is about change, discontinuity, instability. The theoretical perspective used to analyses the changing process was Institutional Theory, which argues that institutions has a long-term time. The institutional change has always be seen as a structural process and a incremental one, but this research aimed rescue the dynamic side of institutional change, understanding that as a result of deinstitutionalization and institutionalization processes. In order to understand the deinstitutionalization and institutionalization processes, we try to understand the concepts of interactive and iterative. So, it was possible understand that these process are interdependent and has to be understood as both side of institutional change. Nevertheless, it couldn¿t have an institutional vacuum, but a hybrid order or plural one, where a set of institutional forces would find its legitimacy. The Discourses Analysis supports this research, which was developed in Peru. A group of University professors was interviewed and we noticed that there are a lot of practices that act as micro institutional rules. In that way, we can admit that there is no vacuum, but a plural institutional order.

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In this thesis, the basic research of Chase and Simon (1973) is questioned, and we seek new results by analyzing the errors of experts and beginners chess players in experiments to reproduce chess positions. Chess players with different levels of expertise participated in the study. The results were analyzed by a Brazilian grandmaster, and quantitative analysis was performed with the use of statistical methods data mining. The results challenge significantly, the current theories of expertise, memory and decision making in this area, because the present theory predicts piece on square encoding, in which players can recognize the strategic situation reproducing it faithfully, but commit several errors that the theory can¿t explain. The current theory can¿t fully explain the encoding used by players to register a board. The errors of intermediary players preserved fragments of the strategic situation, although they have committed a series of errors in the reconstruction of the positions. The encoding of chunks therefore includes more information than that predicted by current theories. Currently, research on perception, trial and decision is heavily concentrated on the idea of 'pattern recognition'. Based on the results of this research, we explore a change of perspective. The idea of 'pattern recognition' presupposes that the processing of relevant information is on 'patterns' (or data) that exist independently of any interpretation. We propose that the theory suggests the vision of decision-making via the recognition of experience.

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In the recent years Corporate Social Action (CSA) has become more and more relevant to corporate context. The aim is to benefit both poor communities and the donnor companies, as it meets the needs of their salient stakeholders. Nevertheless, there still exists considerable scepticism concerning CSA. In order to become a solid management practice, it is critcal to evidence the attained results. Up to now, the focus has been on process evaluation, that is, on the policies companies are adopting. Literature revision has shown a great need of studies related to results identification in this field. Therefore, using stakeholders` framework (according to Wood, 1991; Donaldson and Preston, 1995; Hopkins, 1997; Hamil, 1999), we have developped a methodology to evaluate CSA results, based on public and private effectiveness criteria. As we applied it to assess Xerox social action in Brazil we were able to identify the attainment degree of expected results related to the benefitted community (Mangueira) and also to some Xerox salient stakeholders (employees and clients).

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O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar a importância do conhecimento das informações e indicadores de desempenho de recursos humanos para facilitar a introdução do componente estratégico na gestão de recursos humanos. As práticas tradicionalmente partem do princípio da necessidade de transformar o modelo funcional, com característica reativa, para um modelo mais proativo, que integre com todos os fenômenos e necessidades dos ambientes interno e externo da organização. Para realizar a mudança de modelo, é necessário analisar a modelagem organizacional, para garantir o equilíbrio, coerência e redução das incertezas das ações e das respostas às mudanças. A complexidade dos fatores envolvidos nesta transição provocam uma série de reflexos não perceptíveis, identificados em pesquisa de clima organizacional, decorrente de fatores de insegurança e de ansiedade, provocadas pelo desconhecimento e imprevisibilidade das mudanças. Este trabalho considera que existe um meio mais simples de introdução da gestão estratégica, considerando que a maioria das empresas possui uma administração de recursos humanos tradicional, sustentada pelo departamento de pessoal, cuja ênfase está no respeito às regulamentações e legislações trabalhistas. Neste enfoque, respeitando as técnicas e práticas existentes e, com a finalidade de atender esta maioria sem provocar grandes impactos, propomos que a dimensão estratégica seja implementada por meio da elaboração e divulgação de informações e indicadores estratégicos de recursos humanos. Estas informações possibilitam transformar a tradicional linguagem subjetiva da área para uma nova linguagem de negócios e de resultados, expressa por valores numéricos que quantificam a eficácia da gestão e de sua contribuição para a sociedade.

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This work presents a study about the federal judiciary and in particular about the creation of specialized courts in fiscal execution in Rio de Janeiro. The bibliography research includes an approach to administrative theory, the formation of the State and the particular procedure of the fiscal execution, the field research tries to describe the reality of the courts specialized in fiscal execution with the position of the magistrate, attorney and public servant. The results of the analysis is directed to show the federal judiciary and in particular the creation of specialized jurisdiction.

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Este estudo procura analisar o complexo relacionamento entre as organizações e os stakeholders nas indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este trabalho focalizou a análise na influencia dos stakeholders envolvidos no processo de gestão ambiental nas indústrias fluminenses. A primeira parte do trabalho apresenta de forma sintetizada a trajetória do movimento ambiental no mundo e no Brasil. Nesta parte do trabalho procuramos ressaltar as temáticas e as abordagens privilegiadas, destacando as principais contribuições dos mais destacados autores relacionados ao tema. Na segunda parte do estudo é apresentada uma pesquisa nas indústrias do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo mostram que o Estado é um agente fundamental no processo de implementação de ações ambientais corporativas.

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o objetivo deste estudo é verificar até que ponto o Endomarketing, por intermédio da sua linha de ação da atitude, pode contribuir para a expansão de um serviço orientado para o paciente, por parte dos funcionários do Hospital Geral de Santo António. Para responder a essa questão, analisamos a teoria do Endomarketing, sob o ponto de vista do seu criador (Saul Faingaus Bekin) e de outros autores, fazendo o seu contexto temporal e refletindo acerca da sua importância no setor público de saúde português. Os dados foram obtidos mediante uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e por intennédio da aplicação de um questionário a alguns funcionários da instituição analisada. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que, nessa instituição, já existe uma consciência em tomo da pertinência de um serviço orientado para o paciente, porém essa consciência deve ser mais efetiva e só pode ser realmente implantada com a aplicação do Endomarketing. Embora, para a maioria das pessoas inquiridas, comprometer, envolver, valorizar e qualificar ajudem a expandir um serviço orientado para o paciente, esses fatores não parecem ser os mais importantes para elas, o que nos leva a crer que talvez isto ocorra por esses fatores não serem levados em consideração o suficiente ao longo do seu cotidiano profissional, razão pela qual o Endomarketing se torna importante. Finalmente, foram detectadas grandes falhas ao nível da comunicação interna da instituição, o que também torna pertinente a aplicação de uma estratégia de Endomarketing.