Verifica����o da exist��ncia de assimetria de informa����o no processo de emiss��o de a����es no mercado brasileiro

O presente estudo busca realizar uma revis��o bibliogr��fica sobre Assimetria de Informa����o, de forma a permitir sua an��lise no mercado brasileiro de capitais. A an��lise ser�� conduzida com base no modelo de equil��brio da decis��o de emiss��o-investimento desenvolvido por Myers e Majluf. Este trabalho procurar�� discutir novas formas de medir Assimetria de Informa����o atrav��s da utiliza����o de modelos estat��sticos que permitam, posteriormente, utilizar modelos tais como ARCH e GARCH que consideram a heterocedasticidade da s��rie de dados, desta forma, ampliando o conceito de medida correta sugerido por Nathalie Dierkens.

Autodetermina����o local e desenvolvimento: uma an��lise da din��mica social no munic��pio de S��o Roque de Minas

In this thesis, the basic research of Chase and Simon (1973) is questioned, and we seek new results by analyzing the errors of experts and beginners chess players in experiments to reproduce chess positions. Chess players with different levels of expertise participated in the study. The results were analyzed by a Brazilian grandmaster, and quantitative analysis was performed with the use of statistical methods data mining. The results challenge significantly, the current theories of expertise, memory and decision making in this area, because the present theory predicts piece on square encoding, in which players can recognize the strategic situation reproducing it faithfully, but commit several errors that the theory can��t explain. The current theory can��t fully explain the encoding used by players to register a board. The errors of intermediary players preserved fragments of the strategic situation, although they have committed a series of errors in the reconstruction of the positions. The encoding of chunks therefore includes more information than that predicted by current theories. Currently, research on perception, trial and decision is heavily concentrated on the idea of 'pattern recognition'. Based on the results of this research, we explore a change of perspective. The idea of 'pattern recognition' presupposes that the processing of relevant information is on 'patterns' (or data) that exist independently of any interpretation. We propose that the theory suggests the vision of decision-making via the recognition of experience.

Pol��ticas sociais e hegemonia: um estudo sobre o processo de formula����o da proposta de reforma sanit��ria

The principles of the Unified Health System (Sistema ��nico de Sa��de - SUS) - universal attendance, integrated and decentralized administration and the users' participation - were included in the Federal Constitution of 1988 as a result of a political movement around the subject of the health which has begun in the second half of the decade of 70, together with the overcoming process of the authoritarian regimen established in 1964. This movement, which got the name of sanitary movement or movement for the Sanitary Reform, can be understood in its relationship with a process of cultural changing among the Brazilian left, that looked for new forms of facing the democracy and, with it, the social policy. This work part of the premise that one of the main influences to guide this new vision was the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci's thought. We've tried to identify, in the formation of the speech on the Sanitary Reform and in the definition of the political strategies of those that make efforts for it, the influences of Gramsci. To reach this objective, we analyzed the editorials of Sa��de em Debate (Health in Debate) magazine, official vehicle of the Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Sa��de (Brazilian Health Studies Center - Cebes), which is still in activity, that represented, in the analyzed period, 1976 to 1988, the critical thought about the reality of the health in the country and finished to be the institution that supported the project of Sanitary Reform.

Programa brasileiro de acredita����o hospitalar: sua influ��ncia no credenciamento de hospitais em operadoras de plano de sa��de

This dissertation presents the result of a study accomplished on the degree of use of the certificate of hospital Accreditation as one of the criteria for the accreditation of hospitals by the health insurance companies. Should be emphasized that the Accreditation Certificate represents the main final product of Hospital Accreditation Brazilian Program, being the first emitted when the hospital assists to the quality patterns specified by the Program. In that way, the study focus was, in general terms, Hospital Accreditation Brazilian Program and, more strictly, the Accreditation Certificate and it use. To reach the objectives proposed by the study, interviews were accomplished with the professionals responsible for the accreditation of the hospitals in the main health insurance companies of Brazil. In the total, five companies were consulted among the ten larger health insurance companies of Brazil, considering the number of beneficiaries. To complement the research, additional information were collected in the National Agency of Supplemental Health. It was verified, through the research, that the health insurance companies don't use the Accreditation Certificate given by the Hospital Accreditation Brazilian Program to accredit hospitals.

Uma an��lise dos efeitos da regula����o do setor de microfinan��as brasileiro: o caso das Sociedades de Cr��dito ao Microempreendedor

The purpose of this work is to analyze the process of regulation of the sector of microfinance in Brazil, based on the regulation of the Societies of Credit to Microentrepreneurs - SCMs, the only specialized institucional form in microfinance in the National Financial System, and that, in sight of this, has its performance regulated and supervised by the Brazilian Central Bank. The regulation of the SCMs has been one of the strategies adopted by the Federal Government in our country to stimulate the generation of job and income for the population that usually is excluded from the traditional financial system, for the microentrepreneurs, who have difficulties in getting financing for its productive activities at the traditional financial institutions. However, despite the governmental measures that have been taken in the direction to try to stimulate the sector of microfinance in our country, it is considered that the current model of regulation based on the regulation of the SCMs presents obstacles that must be surpassed in order to reach the objective to facilitate the access of the formal credit to the microentrepreneurs.

A reforma do estado e a crise no setor de energia el��trica: uma vis��o cr��tica do caso brasileiro

This study tried to describe the State reform in the Brazilian energetic sector and how the energetic crises of 2001 influenced this process. With this purpose, two kinds of research were done: a bibliographic and some interviews. Many authors were studied to find out the construction of the State role in the Brazilian energetic sector. The interviews were done with nine specialists trying to confirm some positive and negative characteristics of the two models (1998 and 2004) and the causes of the crises studied in the bibliographic research. In addition, the specialists were consulted to tell their opinion about the State role in the sector. Then this study found out that the State must find an optimal size: not too small like in the first model (1998) that lacked a planning agent for the sector; nor too large as the State doesn't have enough money for the required investments of this sector.

Pol��tica antitruste: aspectos relevantes para o caso brasileiro

This work intends to show some aspects of antitrust policy that are relevant to the Brazilian case. For this purpose, it has five parts. Chapter I - Introduction, as the title suggests, simultaneously introduces and emphasizes what will be shown in the next chapters. Chapter II - General view or understanding the antitrust gives a comprehensive view of the historical evolution on antitrust matters, explores the relationship between State action, globalization and competitiveness and presents some of the essential concepts on antitrust field. Chapter III - The antitrust policy in Brazil focuses on the legal evolution of antitrust institutes in Brazil - highlighting its strategic dimension and insertion on "Plano Plurianual - PPA", the Brazilian official long-run plan - and presents the "Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorr��ncia - SBDC", the Brazilian system for defence of competition. Chapter IV - Antitrust policy, connections and consequences shows the relevant links and inferences to the Brazilian case such as the development of competitive advantages, the formulation of competitive strategies, the well-known objectives and instruments of antitrust policy, the acceptable principles to an antitrust institutional design and, finally, the critical aspects of the Brazilian current model together with the suggestions to improve it. To finish, Chapter V - Final considerations outlines some reflections regarding the previous exposed antitrust matters.

A log��stica militar e o servi��o de intend��ncia: uma an��lise do programa excel��ncia gerencial do Ex��rcito Brasileiro

This study has the purpose to analyze some of the programs and measures adopted by the Brazilian Army, as well as eventual contributions, for the modernization of its Logistics. Thus, focus one of the main devices of logistic support of the Forces, the Quartermaster, approaching some roles performed by this Service that comprises the current conception of the Army Logistics. This modernization process is mainly developed through a excellence program implemented for the whole Army aiming, amongst other factors, the adoption of managerial practices leading to a better operational performance and to the improvement of the Institution' services and products quality: the Managerial Excellence Program of the Brazilian Army (PEG-EB). Here, the Logistics is deemed as key part for the organizational success and one of the main factors of competitive differential of companies, directly related to costs reduction and increase in the level of services provided for the customers. For the Army, the improvement and update of logistic doctrine emerge as priority for achieving the goals, especially focusing the need to integrated the logistics activities, in order to optimize the resources available, reduce costs and prioritize its actions. While searching for an integrated approach for its logistics, the Army created a central body with the responsibility to coordinate all the supply chain of its Units: the Logistic Department (D Log). This body centrally coordinates a major segment of logistics functions in the Forces. The conclusion states that the development of this mentality about the internal integration of activities will allow a rationalization of the management process, increasing the indexes of availability of material from military organizations, and consequently a serviceability gain for the Brazilian Army.

O ex��rcito brasileiro na seguran��a p��blica

Este estudo descritivo-explicativo teve como finalidade demonstrar as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelo atual Sistema Brasileiro de Seguran��a P��blica, em conseq����ncia, pelos ��rg��os de seguran��a p��blica, para diminuir os ��ndices de criminalidade e viol��ncia praticados no pa��s. Para isso, enfoca o Ex��rcito Brasileiro como poss��vel subsistema do sistema de seguran��a p��blica, abordando aspectos da estrutura funcional e operacional da For��a Terrestre que poderiam ser empregados, em apoio aos ��rg��os policiais, no combate �� criminal idade. Conclui apresentando poss��veis setores em que o Ex��rcito Brasileiro poderia atuar na ��rea da seguran��a p��blica, sem prejudicar suas miss��es constitucionais.

A participa����o dos contingentes do Ex��rcito Brasileiro na miss��o de estabiliza����o das Na����es Unidas no Haiti (Minustah)

This work aims to study the Brazilian Army as an actor in the process of implementation of public policies. This study evaluates and verifies, in loco, if the actions executed by the Brazilian Army contingent in Haiti (MINUSTAH), especially the Brazilian Battalion, are effectively contributing to satisfactory security conditions for the development and reestablishment of Haiti's institutional normality. The main activities developed by the six Brazilian contingents that had already acted and are still acting in Haiti will be described. This work ratifies the Brazilian Army's contribution to the creation of a favorable environment so that the Haitian State, with the contribution of other countries, international organisms and non-governmental organizations, could work on its reconstruction.

Federalismo fiscal: uma an��lise das rela����es intergovernamentais quanto ao atendimento das demandas sociais - o caso brasileiro

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as rela����es entre as esferas de governo no Brasil, quanto ao provimento das demandas sociais. O foco do estudo reside nas rela����es que resultam em externalidades negativas, significando perdas para o bem-estar coletivo, que vai de encontro ��s pretens��es da nova Carta Constitucional, promulgada em 1988. O exame das rela����es intergovernamentais �� realizado sob a perspectiva de internaliza����o das institui����es ao modelo de an��lise, promovendo uma maior compreens��o quanto aos comportamentos adotados pelas unidades federativas e, por conseguinte, seus resultados nos cen��rios pol��tico, econ��mico e social, em fun����o do jogo federativo que se faz presente.

Viajantes a neg��cios e companhias a��reas de baixo custo: o caso brasileiro

O modelo de linhas a��reas de baixo custo �� um fen��meno mundial, em grande parte, como conseq����ncia da onda de desregulamenta����o do setor de transporte a��reo nas ��ltimas d��cadas. Apesar de mais recente, tal sucesso tamb��m se verifica no Brasil, onde a empresa Gol det��m mais de 20% do mercado apenas tr��s anos ap��s o in��cio de suas atividades. Parcela expressiva dos usu��rios do transporte a��reo dom��stico - estimada em 70% por fontes do DAC - consiste nos viajantes a neg��cios, classe de consumidores focalizada neste estudo. Esta grande propor����o motivou a investiga����o se h�� distin����o significativa entre viajantes a neg��cios usu��rios das companhias de baixo custo e das convencionais segundo a percep����o destes acerca de certos atributos envolvidos no servi��o ofertado. Al��m disso, considera-se em maior detalhe o tamanho das firmas destes viajantes, muitas vezes respons��veis pela decis��o de qual companhia a��rea utilizar, e a exist��ncia de pol��ticas corporativas em rela����o a viagens. Enquanto os resultados de valora����o de atributos indicam que h�� segmenta����o no mercado de viajantes a neg��cios, os resultados ao n��vel da firma sugerem que a prefer��ncia por linhas a��reas tradicionais �� uma quest��o de cunho cultural em organiza����es maiores, n��o refletindo qualquer tipo de rejei����o ou preconceito �� utiliza����o do modelo de baixo custo.

O processo decis��rio para obten����o de materiais de emprego militar no Ex��rcito Brasileiro

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever como os fatores racionais, organizacionais e pol��ticos influenciam o processo decis��rio no Ex��rcito Brasileiro para a obten����o de Materiais de Emprego Militar (MEM). Utilizou-se a abordagem proposta no trabalho de Allison para an��lise das decis��es durante a crise dos m��sseis de Cuba em 1962. Os fatores racionais utilizados foram: c��lculo, maximiza����o de valor, impessoalidade, escolha racional e racionalidade limitada. Os fatores organizacionais foram: padr��es e processos organizacionais, segmenta����o do problema, coordena����o e controle centralizados, flexibilidade limitada, previsibilidade e cultura organizacional. Os fatores pol��ticos utilizados foram: conflito, poder, negocia����o, conting��ncias, coopta����o, interesses e influ��ncia externa. Os resultados permitiram constatar que o processo decis��rio, mesmo ocorrendo em uma organiza����o baseada em pressupostos racionais, sofre influ��ncia de fatores organizacionais e pol��ticos.

Automa����o industrial e cultura t��cnica: o caso do petr��leo brasileiro S/A - PETROBR��S

A PETROBRAS, conhecedora das mudan��as ocorridas no ambiente de neg��cios durante a d��cada de 90, esfor��a-se em aproveitar as oportunidades surgidas ou aquelas que ainda est��o por aparecer no setor petroleiro. Tal esfor��o traduziu-se na formula����o do Plano Estrat��gico do Sistema PETROBRAS 199212001. Este plano define objetivos e estrat��gias decenais. Inserida no Plano Estrat��gico, est�� a quest��o da automa����o da companhia, considerada de suma import��ncia para o seu desempenho no setor. Dentre os 14 Projetos Estrat��gicos do Plano temos o Projeto Estrat��gico de Automa����o (PEA), e para a implementa����o de seus objetivos �� fundamental o desempenho dos funcion��rios neste Projeto. O desempenho do quadro funcional ir�� influenciar decisivamente o caminho a ser percorrido pela empresa rumo �� modernidade, em um ambiente de neg��cios altamente renovado pela tecnologia de base microeletr��nica. Uma das vari��veis , que permitir�� ou n��o a efetividade da PETROBRAS est�� relacionada �� sua Cultura T��cnica, ou seja, ao conjuntod,e conhecimentos que os agentes t��cnicos da Companhia .,.~ I-r '\ .. utilizam no processo de tomada de decis��o e que depende dos paradigmas tecnol��gicos internacionais, das normas internas da empresa e das caracter��sticas societais brasileiras. Investigar criticamente a situa����o do PEA, por meio da identifica����o da Cultura T��cnica predominante, �� o foco do trabalho ora proposto para aprecia����o. Este n��o �� um tema que diz respeito somente aos engenheiros e t��cnicos diretamente envolvidos com o PEA, mas a todos aqueles que fazem a empresa, como tamb��m a todos os estudiosos do tema.

O cinema brasileiro ainda queima o filme? Re-estudando atitudes relativas a filmes nacionais

This text has the objective to compare attitudes and opinions of undergraduation students about Brazilian movies, evaluated in 1991 and 2003. The research was motivated by the author's perceptions that the changes occurred in the public cultural stimulus policy, at the end of 80's and beginning of 90's drove the national productions to a significant quality improvement, allowing them to work in conditions to compete in the Brazilian market without needing to take any advantage of law or policy for minimum projection share to national movies. The results attested a significant enhancement in the evaluation by the respondents of Brazilian movie production.