União monetária Européia : diferenças no mecanismo de transmissão monetária

This study identifies differences in the monetary policy transmission mechanism across countries in the euro area. It is argued that part of the differences in the response of economic activity to monetary policy during the pre-EMU period reflected differences in monetary policy reaction functions, rather than different transmission mechanisms. In particular, monetary policy appears to have been more persistent in Germany and in those countries closely following Germany (such as Netherlands and Austria) in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. Monetary policy in these countries appears to have had significant effects on domestic output. The corollary is that under EMU other countries—in particular France, Italy, Ireland, and Finland—are expected to see more sensitivity of output to monetary policy under EMU. Nevertheless, a common monetary policy is still found to bring about heterogeneous output responses across countries, reflecting variations in the strength of the interest, credit, and exchange rate channels that remain under EMU.

Alguns impactos sociais e econômicos da automação no setor bancário

Programa de Estudos Prospectivos sobre o Impacto Social da Tecnologia

Impactos econômicos das mudanças do PIS-COFINS utilizando um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável

Neste artigo é apresentada uma avaliação dos impacto da reforma tributária do PIS/PASEP e da COFINS, que passaram a ser coletados através de dois regimes associados aos fluxos domésticos (cumulativo e não cumulativo - misto) e a incidir sobre importações de bens e serviços. A metodologia adotada utiliza um modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável (CGE), adaptado para as novas características do sistema fiscal e especificado para simular os impactos sobre indicadores de bem-estar no Brasil. Estes impactos foram avaliados em duas etapas: a mudança do regime cumulativo para o novo regime tributário e a reforma completa. Os resultados mostram que esta reforma teria provocado deterioração dos indicadores macroeconômicos, de mercado de trabalho e de bem-estar.

A polarização política nas redes

A decisão de ir para as ruas tomada pelos dois movimentos antagônicos — os movimentos anti-PT e anti-Dilma e as centrais sindicais e movimentos ligados ao governo — é, em parte, a materialização do que se vê nas redes sociais desde as eleições de outubro. Um estudo feito pela Diretoria de Análise de Políticas Públicas (DAPP) da FGV apontou que a polarização durante as eleições continuou a se manifestar no Twitter, já que cada um dos dois grupos continuou a se comunicar em uma espécie de rede própria, para dialogar entre si. Isso foi verificado pelos pesquisadores em análises feitas em três ocasiões importantes neste segundo mandato de Rousseff: o anúncio do ministro Joaquim Levy para a Fazenda, a eleição para a presidência da Câmara de Eduardo Cunha (PMDB), que derrotou o PT e impôs um grave descontrole da base aliada no Congresso, e a escolha de Aldemir Bendine para a presidência da Petrobras, estatal que está mergulhada na maior crise de corrupção de sua história

The influence of lifestyle and gender on sickness absence in brazilian workers

Background: Despite an increasing body of knowledge concerning gender and lifestyle factors as determinants of sickness absence in well-developed countries, the relationship between these variables has not been elucidated in emerging economic power countries, where the burden of non-communicable diseases is particularly high. This study aimed to analyze the relationships among lifestyle-related factors and sick leave and to examine whether gender differences in sickness absence can be explained by differences in socio-demographic, work and lifestyle-related factors among Brazilian workers. Methods: In this longitudinal study with a one year follow-up among 2.150 employees of a Brazilian airline company, sick leave was the primary outcome of interest. Independent variables collected by interview at enrolment in the study were gender, age, educational level, type of work, stress, and lifestyle-related factors (body mass index, physical activity and smoking). In addition, the risk for coronary heart disease was determined based on measurement of blood pressure, total cholesterol and glucose levels. The total number of days on sick leave during 12 months follow-up was available from the company register. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of socio-demographic, type of work and lifestyle-related factors on sick leave. Results: Younger employees, those with lower educational level, those who worked as air crew members and those with higher levels of stress were more likely to have sick leave. Body mass index and level of physical activity were not associated with sick leave. After adjustment by socio-demographic variables, increased odds for 10 or more days of sick leave were found in smokers (OR = 1.51, CI = 1.05-2.17), and ex-smokers (OR = 1.45, CI = 1.01-2.10). Women were more likely to have 10 or more days of sick leave. Gender differences were reduced mainly when adjusted for type of work (15%) and educational level (7%). Conclusions: The higher occurrence of sick leave among women than among men was partly explained by type of work and educational level. Our results suggest that type of work, a stressful life, and smoking are important targets for health promotion in this study population