Potencialidades terapéuticas del juego de rol

Esta investigación cualitativa-cuantitativa tiene como objetivo explorar las potencialidades terapéuticas del Juego de Rol, las cuales no han sido objeto de estudio. Se realizó con cinco estudiantes de colegio y cuatro de universidad, aplicándoles las escalas 16PF, SASS, ocho sesiones de juego de rol (Dungeons and dragons) y Grupos de Discusión. Se concluyó que no hay diferencia entre la adaptación pre y post. Los estudiantes de Colegio tienen características de personalidad similares en escala de Autosuficiencia, Apertura al Cambio y Aprensión, los universitarios en Atrevimiento, Vigilancia, Abstracción y Aprensión y dimensión global de Ansiedad. El Juego de Rol mejora las relaciones interpersonales dentro y fuera del grupo de juego, la expresión de sentimientos repercute fuera del Juego, la principal diferencia entre la experiencia de juego y la Vida Real es la libertad para romper las normas sociales. El trabajo en Equipo es una enseñanza primordial, contribuye a la toma de decisiones, proyección como mecanismo de defensa, capacidad Imaginativa inherente, desarrollo de la empatía, socialización, potenciación de habilidades no explotadas, encuentro de intereses, toma de conciencia, responsabilidad y sublimación de aspectos reprimidos de la personalidad.

Relación de las organizaciones con el medio y marketing

La relación que tienen las empresas mayoristas con los consumidores se hace un tema de suma importancia en la actualidad, su adelanto y progreso en la economía y en la sociedad están atados a que las estrategias que brinden sean no solo suficientes si no útiles para los clientes; y estos al mismo tiempo formar las llamadas estrategias de consumo para el cliente final que es quien definitivamente interviene y maneja toda la industria de consumo.

Turing’s imitation game and human thought

In 1950, the English mathematician Alan Mathison Turing proposed the basis of what some authors consider the test that a machine must pass to establish that it can think. This test is basically a game; nevertheless, it has had great infl uence in the development of the theories of the mind performance. The game specifications and some of its repercussions in the conception of thinking, the consciousness and the human will, will be ramifications of the path that will take us through the beginning of the artificial intelligence, passing along some of its singular manifestations, to culminate in the posing of certain restrictions of its fundaments.

Modification of personality variables through application of a psycho-educational program of full consciousness (mindfulness) in university students

This study examines the effects in university students of a psycho-educational program in full awareness (mindfulness) on certain personality variables. A quasi-experimental (group comparison) design with pretest and postest measurements was employed in an experimental (n = 26) and a control group (n = 27). Barratt impulsiveness Scale (BiS- 11), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were applied to experimental and control groups. The results show statistically significant changes in impulsivity variables, experiential avoidance, social avoidance, social anxiety, tension and fatigue when comparing the posttest mean scores of the groups.

Intervention strategies on teachers focused on creating meaningful educational environments for mathematical abilities development

This article describes an intervention process undertaken in a training program for preschool and first grade teachers from public schools in Cali, Colombia. The objective of this process is to provide a space for teachers to reflect on pedagogical practices which allow them to generate educational processes that foster children’s understanding of mathematical knowledge in the classroom. A set of support strategies was presented for helping teachers in the design, analysis and implementation of learning environments as meaningful educational spaces. Furthermore, participants engaged in an analysis of their own intervention modalities to identify which modalities facilitate the development of mathematical abilities in children. In order to ascertain the transformations in the teachers’ learning environments, the mathematical competences and cognitive processes underlying the activities proposed in the classroom, as well as teacher intervention modalities and the types of student participation in classroom activities were examined both before and after the intervention process. Transformations in the teachers’ conceptions about the children’s abilities and their own practices in teaching mathematics in the classroom were evidenced.

Interdisciplinary Pedagogical Experience for Health Human Resources Focused on the Holistic Promotion of Health and the Prevention of the Disease

The object of this experience is to offer the students the opportunity to take part in the construction of a pedagogic strategy centred on the ludic, for the promotion of the integral health and the prevention of the disease with an educational community; directed to supporting and qualifying the well-being so much individually as group. The project is designed to five years, about interdisciplinary character (Speech Therapy, Medicine, Psychology, Nursery, Occupational Therapy), interinstitutional (Universidad del Rosario, Universidad de San Buenaventura y Universidad de Cundinamarca) and intersectorial (Education and Health). It considers the different actors of the educational community and school and the home as propitious scenes for the strengthening potential, beside being the fundamental spaces for the construction of knowledges and learnings concerning the integral health. To achieve the target, one has come constructing from the second semester of 2003, one pedagogic strategy centred on the ludic and the creativity, from which they are planned, they develop and evaluate the actions of promotion of skills, values, behaviors and attitudes in the care of the health and the prevention of disease, orientated to the early, opportune and effective detection of risk factors and problematic of the development that they affect the integral health. The above mentioned strategy raises a so called scene Bienestarópolis: A healthy world for conquering, centred on prominent figures, spaces and elements that alternate between the fantasy and the reality to facilitate the approximation, the interiorización and the appropriation of the integral health. Across this one, the children motivated by the adults enter an imaginary world in that theirs desires, knowledges and attitudes are the axis of his development. Since Vigotsky raises it, in the game the child realizes actions in order to adapt to the world that surrounds it acquiring skills for the learning. The actions of the project have involved 410 children and 25 teachers, of the degrees Zero, The First and The Second of basic primary; 90 parents of family, and an average of 40 students and 8 teachers of the already mentioned disciplines.

Monologue or Intercultural Dialogue Between Medical Systems? An Educational Challenge for Medical Sciences

Each medical cultural system constructs knowledge about health through specialization or interculturalism. The knowledge constructed through interculturalism has sought, mainly, to adapt the delivery of health care services to the users’ cultural referents. This emphasis has overlooked the opportunities embedded in the establishment of intercultural relationships between medical systems based on dialogue, especially in regard to the adjustment of the disciplinary boundaries of medical cultural systems that would allow the construction of new knowledge on health. This absence of dialogue has been determined by epistemological barriers inherent to every system as well as by social domination. This article presents some concepts related to cognition processes which encourage the reflection on the possibilities to overcome such barriers so that the health sciences may contribute to the effective implementation of the World Health Organization and the State’s recommendations on the matter.

Liderazgo, afrontamiento al estrés y toma de decisiones empresariales. una revisión conceptual

El liderazgo basa sus estudios en el análisis de la razón y la emoción, las cuales son dos factores fundamentales para el desarrollo de las personas y la forma como éstas, a través de tácticas propias del liderazgo, demuestran un factor diferenciador entre un equipo de trabajo, creando así, un grupo con unos seguidores y un líder que maneja y soporta la presión de todo el equipo. El estrés es considerado como una tensión que afecta psicológicamente al individuo y adicionalmente produce cambios fisiológicos, que pueden alterar el día a día de las personas en todos los ámbitos de la vida, y el laboral no es la excepción. El estrés puede ser producido por diferentes circunstancias, las cuales son diferentes para cada persona y éstas se presentan en diferentes aspectos de la vida del individuo, es decir, se puede presentar a nivel familiar, educativo, profesional, entre otros dependiendo el individuo que se desee analizar. “… Recibir una calificación reprobatoria en un examen de física, llegar considerablemente tarde a una junta importante, o jugar tiempos extra a muerte súbita en un partido de hockey”. (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 2007, p. 456) El presente trabajo se enfoca en el estrés laboral, ya que es fundamental para la toma de decisiones, actividad de alta importancia en la gestión directiva, por lo cual se estudiará el efecto que tiene el estrés en la toma de decisiones a niveles empresariales. El estrés laboral ha sido estudiado desde hace más de tres décadas por lo que es posible encontrar definiciones al respecto; McGrath, en 1970 definió el estrés laboral como “el desequilibrio sustancial (percibido) entre la demanda y la capacidad de respuesta del individuo bajo condiciones en las que el fracaso ante esta demanda posee importantes consecuencias (percibidas)”. (Navarro, 2009, p. 86) A partir de esta definición se podría asumir que el estrés laboral tiene un efecto sobre la toma de decisiones sin importar el cargo que el individuo desempeñe. Con el fin de entender y aportar a la administración como disciplina un recurso más para comprender este concepto de la psicología que tiene implicaciones en las organizaciones y en la forma en que los directivos toman decisiones, y así puedan apropiarlas a su diario vivir dentro de las organizaciones, se realizará una monografía que estará basada principalmente en artículos y libros que han introducido este tema anteriormente, pero que no han dado a conocer estos avances a la línea administrativa. Finalmente, con los resultados esperados en esta investigación, aparte de dar a conocer a los administradores los avances de aquellas ciencias sociales existentes anteriormente a la administración y que permiten que el desarrollo administrativo sea mejor, aportando al desarrollo de las capacidades profesionales de los gerentes y empresarios, se espera describir los factores externos que afectan al estrés e identificar cómo éste afecta la toma de decisiones en la dirección.

Mixed oligopoly in education

This paper studies oligopolistic competition in education markets when schools can be private and public and when the quality of education depends on ìpeer groupî e§ects. In the Örst stage of our game schools set their quality and in the second stage they Öx their tuition fees. We examine how the (subgame perfect Nash) equilibrium allocation (qualities, tuition fees and welfare) is a§ected by the presence of public schools and by their relative position in the quality range. When there are no peer group e§ects, e¢ ciency is achieved when (at least) all but one school are public. In particular in the two school case, the impact of a public school is spectacular as we go from a setting of extreme di§erentiation to an e¢ cient allocation. However, in the three school case, a single public school will lower welfare compared to the private equilibrium. We then introduce a peer group e§ect which, for any given school is determined by its student with the highest ability. These PGE do have a signiÖcant impact on the results. The mixed equilibrium is now never e¢ cient. However, welfare continues to be improved if all but one school are public. Overall, the presence of PGE reduces the e§ectiveness of public schools as regulatory tool in an otherwise private education sector.

Conflict and negotiation: a game theoretical approach

We study economic conflicts using a game theoretical approach. We model a conflict between two agents where each one has two possible strategies: cease-fire or neglect the truce. Under this setting, we use the concept of pre-donations, namely, a redefinition of the game where agents commit to transfer a share of their output to the other agent (Sertel, 1992), and explain under which conditions a system of pre-donations can facilitate a truce. We find that for conflicts involving high costs there is a distributive mechanism, acceptable for both parties, such that, the best strategy for both parties is Cease-Fire. However, in many cases there are no sufficient conditions for the scheme or pre-donations to be effective. We also analyze some limitations of this framework and extend the model in order to deal with some of these flaws. Finally, in order to illustrate the relevance of the theoretical results we briefly describe some of the circumstances that characterized the negotiation processes between the Colombian government and different illegal groups.

Equality of educational opportunity employing Pisa data: taking both achievement and access into account

La medición de la desigualdad de oportunidades con las bases de PISA implican varias limitaciones: (i) la muestra sólo representa una fracción limitada de las cohortes de jóvenes de 15 años en los países en desarrollo y (ii) estas fracciones no son uniformes entre países ni entre periodos. Lo anterior genera dudas sobre la confiabilidad de estas mediciones cuando se usan para comparaciones internacionales: mayor equidad puede ser resultado de una muestra más restringida y más homogénea. A diferencia de enfoques previos basados en reconstrucción de las muestras, el enfoque del documento consiste en proveer un índice bidimensional que incluye logro y acceso como dimensiones del índice. Se utilizan varios métodos de agregación y se observan cambios considerables en los rankings de (in) equidad de oportunidades cuando solo se observa el logro y cuando se observan ambas dimensiones en las pruebas de PISA 2006/2009. Finalmente se propone una generalización del enfoque permitiendo otras dimensiones adicionales y otros pesos utilizados en la agregación.

Inequality of opportunity in educational achievement in Latin America: evidence from PISA 2006-2009

We assess inequality of opportunity in educational achievement in six Latin American countries, employing two waves of PISA data (2006 and 2009). By means of a non-parametric approach using a decomposable inequality index, GE(0), we rank countries according to their degree of inequality of opportunity. We work with alternative characterizations of types: school type (public or private), gender, parental education, and combinations of those variables. We calculate incremental contributions of each set of circumstances to inequality. We provide rankings of countries based on unconditional inequalities (using conventional indices) and on conditional inequalities (EOp indices), and the two sets of rankings do not always coincide. Inequality of opportunities range from less than 1% to up to 27%, with substantial heterogeneity according to the year, the country, the subject and the specificication of circumstances. Robustness checks based on bootstrap and the use of an alternative index confirm most of the initial results.