Economía institucional de la intervención urbanística estatal

La intervención urbanística del Estado es insustituible. En primer lugar porque el capital privado no está dispuesto a asumir el riesgo de depreciación virtual inherente a la provisión de bienes públicos. Tampoco ha alcanzado los  niveles de acumulación previa que de manera individual estén en capacidad de reemplazar los esfuerzos colectivos que se deben movilizar para tal efecto. Es por ello que estratégicamente el capital privado ha seducido al público con la idea de la eficiencia de las alianzas público-privadas y la gobernanza. En segundo lugar porque el mercado inmobiliario residencial formal es un mercado segmentado e imperfecto en el que el poder de mercado de los estructuradores urbanos y metropolitanos alcanza niveles cuasi-monopólicos. Por tanto, y siguiendo a Commons, la regulación y el control de la oferta inmobiliaria residencial incide positivamente en la ampliación de la libertad en la producción y en la elección de localización de las familias que habitan en las metrópolis. Un orden menos segregado que el perseverante se torna posible. Este trabajo se ocupa de analizar, desde una perspectiva teórica pluridisciplinar como la economía institucional urbana, las posibilidades e instrumentos con que se cuenta para alcanzar tal orden.

Advances and limitations in the attention to the problems of housing and urban land in Mexico. An approach from the legal-institutional frame

In this work we analyze the reforms carried out by the Mexican state in the nineties of the 20th century, in the items concerning the policies of housing and urban land, based on an exhaustive review of the main actions, programs and changes in the legal and institutional frame that applies for each of these fields. The nineties represent a "breaking point" in the way the State considers the satisfaction of the right to the housing and attends the offer of urbanized land for a tidy and sustainable urban development. In this period of time, the approach of direct intervention in developing and financing housing and creation of land reserves has changed into another one, ruled by the logic of the market. The balance to the first decade of the 21st century is ambiguous, as neither the housing policy has solved the housing shortage for low-income population, nor the land policy has eliminated the illegal urban growth.

Informal access to urban land. Housing policies devoted to vulnerable sectors implemented in Cordoba-Argentina

The urban growth in Latino American cities, in a neoliberal context, has led to several population groups to having no possibilities to the access to urban land. Informal and irregular urban settlements increase, requiring attention from local governments, with actions and strategies in order to achieve both the regularization of such situation and further prevention. In the city of Córdoba different informal and irregular operations have taken place promoted by different actors. Furthermore, policies focused on regularization which have been promoted, have few intervention mechanisms, a fact that becomes critical, especially for the urban problems it causes. The main aim of this article is to present a classification over different modes of urban land acquirement taking place out of both urban and civil legislations. Afterwards, different informal settlement typologies are described, as well as the policies focused on them, together with their respective effects and impacts.