Freedom of contract and the coexistence of trademark registrations in Colombia

In trademark systems such as the Andean Community, a state authority verifiesthat the marks are distinctive, lawful and do not affect third parties, and after that,given their ownership. In this context, particular interest has sparked the possibilityof individuals by agreements or statements of co-existence, are who ensure that theirsigns meet the conditions for simultaneous registrations.Such agreements for the coexistence of marks are problematic if one thinks thatthe holders of interests that would be available also seem to matter to consumers,competitors and the market. Therefore, define the scope of contractual freedom inthe field of trademark law, whose rules are considered imperative, acquire practicaland theoretical importance because its realization i) recognizes the risks that maybe relevant to evaluating trade agreements and ii) contributes to debates on the roleof private autonomy in areas reserved for non-derogable norms. Thus, this researchputs the declarations of consent for the coexistence of registrations in Colombia, ina larger scope of the limits of freedom of contract.

Fundamental Right to Freedom of Conscience without Objection? Some Notes for its Recognition as a Fundamental Guarantee

Conscientious objection is defined as the ability to depart from statutory mandates because of intimate convictions based on ethical or religious convictions. A discussion of this issue presents the conflict between the idea of a State concerned with the promotion of individual rights or the protection of general interests and an idea of law based on the maintenance of order and against a view of the law as a means to claim the protection of minimum conditions of the person. From this conflict is drawn the possibility to argue whether conscientious objection should be guaranteed as a fundamental right of freedom of conscience or as a statutory authority legislatively conferred upon persons. This paper sets out a discussion around the two views so as to develop a position that is more consistent with the context of social and constitutional law.

Freedom of the Press in Canada and Colombia

A general conclusion of the history of the Canadian press demonstrates that state was built after true journalism had been consolidating. Press development went along with economic progress and this was achievable, in great measure, because of the manner colonization took place in North America. This aided the de facto nationalization of press freedom in Canada. In Colombia, on the contrary, wealth concentration and the Spanish failure to build an economic market, resulted in a constant political instability from the time the Independence War. Legal and the de facto nationalization would be attained only at the end of the twentieth century, though journalism was already part of the institutional arrangement.-----Una conclusi��n general de la historia de la prensa canadiense demuestra que el estado actual se construy�� despu��s de haberse consolidado el verdadero periodismo. El desarrollo de la prensa fue paralelo al progreso econ��mico y se pudo lograr en gran medida por la forma en que se coloniz�� Norteam��rica. Esto ayud�� a la nacionalizaci��n de facto de la libertad de prensa en Canad��. En Colombia, por el contrario, la concentraci��n de la riqueza y el hecho de que los espa��oles no construyeran un mercado econ��mico produjeron una inestabilidad pol��tica constante desde la ��poca de la Guerra por la Independencia. La nacionalizaci��n legal y de hecho solamente se logr�� a finales del siglo XX, aunque el periodismo ya era parte de la organizaci��n institucional.��

Libertad de prensa y libertad de informaci��n : control y regulaci��n en la prensa virtual

La libertad de prensa y de informaci��n son de gran importancia para la democracia. Actualmente, con el desarrollo de la tecnolog��a nace la prensa virtual. Este fen��meno tiene sus caracter��sticas propias que obligan a replantearse la regulaci��n actual.

El debate sobre las leyes de medios en Ecuador y Argentina: un an��lisis a dos peri��dicos colombianos 2009-2013

Este trabajo de grado estudia el modo como dos diarios colombianos, El Tiempo y El Espectador, presentaron la informaci��n sobre el debate de ���Leyes de medios��� en Ecuador y Argentina, desarrollado en los a��os recientes. El estudio analiz�� las noticias, columnas, editoriales, reportajes y entrevistas publicados desde el a��o 2009 (cuando se generaliz�� el debate) hasta 2013. La metodolog��a facilit�� el an��lisis comparativo de los dos peri��dicos y de sus posturas frente al debate de las leyes de medios. Se argumenta que los medios, como actores principales del debate, han tomado partido, en sus p��ginas editoriales e informativas, en contra de las pol��ticas que buscan regular su actividad. As��, existe una persistencia en la prensa para imponer discursos con una ideolog��a espec��fica a trav��s de los actores que son presentados en la construcci��n de los relatos, en este caso, dispuestos a contrariar la aprobaci��n de las leyes de medios propuestas por el gobierno argentino y ecuatoriano. Se evidencia en el marco interpretativo de los textos period��sticos analizados, la guerra de poderes en pa��ses de la regi��n latinoamericana que persiste entre los medios y los gobiernos.