Latino Urbanism, the Politics of Planning, Policy and Redevelopment. Editado por David R. Diaz y Rodolfo D. Torres. Nueva York, New York University Press, 2012

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Ciudad, ciudadanía y género. Problemas y paradojas

La preocupación feminista por la ciudad surge del cuestionamiento a la distribución desigual de los espacios, a la asignación diferencial de las esferas doméstica y pública, afi rmando que es en el escenario de las ciudades donde se configura la vida cotidiana, se desarrollan procesos sociales y es allí donde la movilidad y las actividades de las mujeres responden a estereotipos “femeninos”, influenciados por una perspectiva masculina tanto de la planifi cación como de la cultura dominante. La ciudadanía se origina en las ciudades, sin embargo estas contienen patrones de desigualdad de género, la división tajante de lo público y lo privado asociado a lo femenino y masculino en las urbes, la estructura espacial que difi culta el uso y acceso a los benefi cios de la ciudad, la falta de áreas verdes e infraestructura o la inseguridad, afecta con mayor profundidad a las mujeres. Por ello, el reclamo por el derecho a la ciudad en las prácticas organizativas de mujeres urbanas populares, muestran las incongruencias, carencias y debilidades de la concepción tradicional de la ciudadanía. En este trabajo presento estas contradicciones a nivel teórico y empírico, pues entre confl ictos y negociaciones, libertades y restricciones, las mujeres cotidianamente habitan y rehabitan la ciudad, en espacios privilegiados para el ejercicio democrático. Estos temas serán refl exionados en este artículo, donde nuevos y viejos problemas implicados en el debate, serán analizados a la luz de un conjunto de evidencias empíricas de trabajo de campo en barrios urbanos populares de la ciudad de Concepción, en Chile.

Informal access to urban land. Housing policies devoted to vulnerable sectors implemented in Cordoba-Argentina

The urban growth in Latino American cities, in a neoliberal context, has led to several population groups to having no possibilities to the access to urban land. Informal and irregular urban settlements increase, requiring attention from local governments, with actions and strategies in order to achieve both the regularization of such situation and further prevention. In the city of Córdoba different informal and irregular operations have taken place promoted by different actors. Furthermore, policies focused on regularization which have been promoted, have few intervention mechanisms, a fact that becomes critical, especially for the urban problems it causes. The main aim of this article is to present a classification over different modes of urban land acquirement taking place out of both urban and civil legislations. Afterwards, different informal settlement typologies are described, as well as the policies focused on them, together with their respective effects and impacts.

Vereda Crucero Puelenje: interfaz periurbana ante a urbanização em Popayán, Colombia

This article is the result of a work of research conducted on the peri-urban interface of Popayan to detect its potential, restrictions and pathologies regarding the urbanization process. The Crucero Puelenje village, taken as a case study, is located in the south of the town center and it is recognized as one of the agricultural pantries of the city.The territory reading was focused on the macro-landscape as a result of the relationship between social groups and their physical and natural environment. Hence, this research process articulated technical and participatory methodologies that allowed determining the socio-cultural, environmental, physical-spatial, economic and political-administrative particularities of the territory with respect to urbanization and local development. Thus, the participatory component with the Crucero Puelenje community, both in the participatory workshops and in the census, gave feedback to the technical component considered as the guiding thread.This research found knowledge applicable to spatial planning and regional development from the study of the socio-environmental and territorial transformations impact caused by the urban sprawl of Popayán, and at the same time, it offered the Crucero Puelenje community the possibility of interpreting its territory and gaining insights about its planning.

Sustainable urban criteria in the urban periphery of Guadalajara

The study of the growth of large cities, in the urban periphery or the peri-urban areas specifically, it relates to environmental degradation due to urbanization, if it is estimated that since 2008 more than half of the world population living in urban areas, this sector is affected as it presents overcrowding, segregation and deterioration of physical conditions, which will impact on the social aspects within localities. This great urban growth has usually developed with the lack of environmental planning.So it is necessary to include urban development, guidelines towards environmental conservation and rehabilitation of the territory. The future of cities will depend largely on the actions taken now. As urban development inevitably requires planning urban settlements through sustainable development so as to provide alternative technologies, based on the reality of Latin American countries.In the peripheral area of the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, is taken as a case study of the town of La Venta del Astillero, which by its nature allows access and functionality to develop a set of criteria and indicators to urban sustainability, which can take as a model for other communities in the urban periphery.

Base de Datos Urbano – Arquitectónica: herramienta para la comprensión histórica y la interpretación estilística de Maracaibo.

In the Venezuela cities, and particularly in Maracaibo, the dynamics has caused the deterioration, transformation, or desappearence of architectural works of cultural interest. In order to rescue the urban and architectural image that has characterized the city of Maracaibo in the last 50 years, a case-study approach was used in the analysis of the main artery called Avenida las Delicias.

Tabla de Contenido

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Entropic system of daily mobility in a Metropolitan Area of Bogota, Colombia.

The fundamental diseconomy in the large metropolitan areas is the significant and sustained increase in travel time incurred by its inhabitants daily. Since a portion of the energy consumed in the daily mobility does not necessarily translate into individual and collective wealth, entropic systems have a feature which, as discussed for the case of Bogotá, does not have metropolitan institutions with the ability to redirect.

Editorial

Editorial. Por Thierry LulleCiudad y resiliencia: una cuestión al estilo de Escher. Por Andrea Lampis

La Muralla Urbana

En Maracaibo (Venezuela), como en otras ciudades del pais, aproximadamente desde la decada de los años ochenta se ha acentuado un fenomeno transformador de la arquitectura y la forma habitual del crecimiento urbano. El fenomeno en referencia es la inseguridad social.

Social housing and land use planning in Medellin during the period 2006-2011. Steps towards socio economic and residential segregation

This paper presents an approach to the relationship between land use planning and socioeconomic residential segregation, from the location of social housing in Medellin, Colombia, during the period 2006-2011. The first part introduces the land use regulations regarding the location of social housing, identifying ambiguities in the current spatial plan. Next, we present the intersection of  regulatory information and the location of the projects that were under construction during the  study period, highlighting the need to consider the location as an important characteristic of social housing and residential segregation as a phenomenon that must be recognized and worked on land  use planning in our cities.

Archivos Finales

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Participación de las mujeres en la construcción social del territorio y el proceso de regionalización del Caribe colombiano

This paper describes women’s roles in the processes of territory construction and the Colombian Caribbean coast regionalization. First, we present women participation in the adaptation of the fi rst inhabitants, through their contribution to creating the most important cultures that emerged in that region, such as Tairona and Sinu. This paper also considers native women’s resistance actions against Spanish invasion; women participation in African, native, mestizo, zambo, and criollo freeing fi ghts against colonialism and in the consolidation of the Republic; along with their contribution to building the social fabric that consolidated the social life of new born towns and cities; which transformed women into family group integrators, new generation socializing forces, and sponsorsof the family structure performance. The second line of argument addressed in this article refers to women involvement in the regionalization of the Colombian Caribbean, by establishing and concluding that, although regionalization has happened, the recognition of its practical and strategic interests has not been guaranteed to allow changes in the social, economic, and political position. The reason is that, even though such interests were expressed insome forums held to reach an agreement on the vision and the requirements of the region, the social movement has not had any access to decision making, though this has not prevented its gaining strength in the last decades. 

Assessment of conditions that make habitable the public space of Colombian cities

This paper presents the assessment that inhabitants of some Colombian cities did on the conditions that contribute to the livability of public space. Seven hundred and forty people, inhabitants of Yopal, Villavicencio, Valledupar, Popayán, Pereira, Pasto, Neiva, Montería, Medellín, Fusagasugá, Cúcuta, Cartagena, Cali and Bogotá participated in the study. The assessment of the conditions that contribute to the livability of public space was carried out using an instrument composed of 48 items that inquired about the level of contribution that can have different conditions on the quality of public space, from a scale five points ranging from: Does not contribute at all (-2) to: Contribute significantly (+2). The results show the conditions that most affect the habitability of public space in Colombia, as well as the differences between cities according to the assessment made by participants about the general state of public space in cities. Multidimensional analysis (SSA) evidence a structure that reflects the function that public space plays in people’s assessment on Colombian cities. It is discussed the implications of the findings for urban planning and management and the designed instrument is proposed as a tool to assess the quality of urban public space.

El Comportamiento de los Peatones en el Espacio Publico: una aproximación sociológica al caso de Bogotá.

Traffic accidents and mobility problems have been an issue of priority for the cities, and the case of Bogota is not an excepción. An approach from the social sciences suggests the existente of a generalized problem of interaction where the agents violate the behavior codes (normative and informal) and contribuye to generate chaotic situations,  with negative effects on the life quality of the citizens.