La sinergia institucional en la gerencia de la explotación minera en Colombia

El interés de este trabajo de grado es analizar el concepto de coordinación inter-agencial y trasladarlo a la práctica, para entender el funcionamiento de dos grandes agencias que gerencian el tema minero en el país: la Agencia Nacional de Minería y la Agencia Nacional de Licencias Ambientales. A partir de lo anterior, se demostrará que la falta de sinergia entre estas agencias es producto de la improvisación en la creación institucional; de la inestabilidad de las normas que las regulan y su falta de cumplimiento; de problemas estructurales al interior de cada una y de la ausencia de una mirada integral, en la que todos los elementos se relacionan y tienen efectos sobre sí. El diseño metodológico es cualitativo-descriptivo y el enfoque es el jurídico-institucional, ya que el propósito fue describir el funcionamiento de estas dos agencias, teniendo como fundamento el rol del Estado, el papel de las instituciones y el derecho que las regula.

Fortalecimiento de la imagen institucional del conservatorio del Tolima con base en la optimización de los eventos artístico-culturales

El presente proyecto plantea la necesidad de realizar una evaluación seria y sistemática de dichos procesos, con el fin de identificar los aspectos deficitarios y establecer unas líneas de trabajo orientadas al fortalecimiento institucional en los 8 aspectos de planeación, gestión y organización, que posibiliten la optimización de su labor

La crisis humanitaria de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta en el 2005 análisis político y respuesta institucional

Esta monografía busca analizar la Crisis Humanitaria en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta en el año 2005, a partir de la ayuda humanitaria brindada por el Plan Integral de Acción Social, en el resguardo indígena kankuamo. Se plantean como sus propósitos particulares: estudiar la situación en la que se encontraba la población indígena kankuama en el momento de aplicar el Plan Integral de Acción Social y analizar las acciones y los resultados obtenidos por el Plan Integral de Acción Social, en el resguardo indígena Kankuamo.

Viabilidad institucional de las corporaciones autónomas regi[o]nales según su realidad

Colombia como país en vía de desarrollo, enfrenta una crítica situación ambiental que pone en riesgo la salubridad de su población y el aprovechamiento de sus recursos naturales. Incluso, se estima que nuestro país es uno de los menos preparados para resolver esta problemática, especialmente al considerar que el Estado no cuenta con los recursos económicos e institucionales requeridos para proveer las herramientas necesarias que permitan ejecutar una política ambiental responsable en materia de atención y prevención del medio ambiente. Ésta situación se agrava en el contexto jurídico y económico de Colombia, toda vez que se observan las condiciones que se han plasmado en la comunidad internacional respecto del tema ambiental. Así, en los diferentes instrumentos jurídicos internacionales se ha introducido la idea imperante de que las políticas ambientales deben plantearse y ejecutarse en forma íntegra en la medida que asegure la persecución del llamado desarrollo humano sostenible.

De lo micro a lo macro prudencial: Un análisis de la supervisión bancaria desde la econometría espacial

La crisis que se desató en el mercado hipotecario en Estados Unidos en 2008 y que logró propagarse a lo largo de todo sistema financiero, dejó en evidencia el nivel de interconexión que actualmente existe entre las entidades del sector y sus relaciones con el sector productivo, dejando en evidencia la necesidad de identificar y caracterizar el riesgo sistémico inherente al sistema, para que de esta forma las entidades reguladoras busquen una estabilidad tanto individual, como del sistema en general. El presente documento muestra, a través de un modelo que combina el poder informativo de las redes y su adecuación a un modelo espacial auto regresivo (tipo panel), la importancia de incorporar al enfoque micro-prudencial (propuesto en Basilea II), una variable que capture el efecto de estar conectado con otras entidades, realizando así un análisis macro-prudencial (propuesto en Basilea III).

Tensiones en la estrategia de transformación institucional del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo en América Latina: Entre el mercado y la gobernabilidad democrática

El texto reconstruye la estrategia de reforma y modernización del Estado del BID en América Latina desde los 90s a partir de las tensiones que se originan en el proceso de transformación institucional promovido por este organismo bajo el cual se pretende la sostenibilidad de un modelo de desarrollo basado en el mercado mediante la búsqueda simultánea de la gobernabilidad democrática. Dicha reconstrucción se traslada al ámbito de la reforma judicial concebida como uno de sus componentes fundamentales, en donde a partir del análisis de una muestra significativa de programas y de países de la región, se sostiene que si bien ésta contiene componentes para fortalecer tanto la democracia como el mercado, su orientación obedece a promover en mayor medida este último. El análisis propuesto pretende contribuir a las investigaciones sobre los impactos de las reformas judiciales en la región y aporta algunos elementos para la comprensión de la agenda de reforma judicial del BID en Colombia a partir de una reconstrucción breve del contexto en el que se implementaron estos programas y las tensiones que atravesaron el proceso constituyente en los 90s.    

Indicadores bibliométricos, redes de coautorías y colaboración institucional en revistas colombianas de psicología

Este estudio fue desarrollado con el objetivo de analizar los indicadores bibliométricos de producción de seis revistas de psicología en Colombia durante el período 2009-2011, para lo que se definieron las propiedades de las redes de colaboración científica entre los autores e instituciones. Para ello, se realizó la estandarización de la información relacionada con los artículos publicados en cada una de las revistas, se definieron los índices de producción de acuerdo con criterios bibliométricos (número de artículos y autores, áreas de publicación, tipo de producción, entre otros), se calcularon indicadores estructurales de las redes y se diseñaron visualizaciones de las redes de cooperación científica. Se destaca una producción amplia en países como Colombia, España y México, esencialmente en español, con resultados de investigación aplicada. Se observó un nivel elevado de colaboración entre autores.

Percepción del clima emocional, problemas sociales y confianza institucional en tiempos de violencia

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el clima emocional que predomina en habitantes del Estado de México y cómo este se relaciona con la percepción de problemas sociales y la confianza institucional, en un tiempo en que la violencia se ubica como tema prioritario tanto en la agenda como en la percepción pública en México. Esta investigación es descriptiva-correlacional, de diseño transversal. Los resultados revelaron que en la muestra de 552 participantes, habitantes del Estado de México, la balanza del clima es negativa. El clima positivo se relaciona negativamente con la percepción de problemas sociales y positivamente con la confianza institucional, que se relacionó de forma negativa con la identificación de problemas sociales.

Development and/or change of the notion of permanent object and operative causality: empirical evidence in the first year of life

This study examines the notion of permanent object during the first year of life, taking into account the controversy of two approaches about the nature of change: developmental change and cognitive change. Using a longitudinal/cross-sectional design, tasks adapted of the subscale of permanent object and operative causality of the Uzgiris-Hunt Scale (Uzgiris and Hunt, 1975) (Uzgiris & Hunt, 1975) were presented to 110 infants of 0, 3, 6 and 9 months-old, which reside in three cities of Colombia. The results showed three types of strategies: (a) Not resolution; (b) Exploratory and (c) Resolution, which follow different trajectories in children’s performance. This allows affirming that adaptive conquests of the cognitive development stay together with the variety of strategies. Using strategies reveals adjustments and transformations of action programs that consolidate the notion of permanent object not necessarily with age, but with self-regulatory processes. Empirical evidence contributes to the understanding of the relations between the emergence of novelty in the development and performance variability

Behavioral changes, used and benefits of a community program for the promotion in physical activity

Objective: To determine the change of behavior in physical activity and the characteristics associated with the use and benefits of Local Physical Activity Center (CLAF) in the population of the town of Santa Fe de Bogota. Materials and methods: We conducted a longitudinal study before and after, which was assessed at admission and 3 months in the intervention program CLAF physical activity, behavior change compared to the physical activity of users. Inclusion criteria: were being active user of CLAF, aged between 15 and 65 years and voluntarily express their participation in the study. Exclusion criteria: Fill incomplete measurement instruments used. The sampling frame of CLAF users, we selected n=55 subjects. To gather information, a questionnaire, which contained the behavioral stages of change, also conducted a survey which determined semistructured features about the benefits and use of CLAF. Results: The total study participants was n = 55, mean age was 40.4 ± 15.3 years, with a minimum 15 and maximum of 64 years, 83.6% were women. 78.2% do not know the purpose of the Local Centre for Physical Activity. The outreach strategy that most came to the group was 58.2 with a verbal type. The time for links to CLAF more frequently in the group evaluated was 1 to 6 months 36.4. The motivation to regularly attend the CLAF in the majority was to improve the physical and / or a 74.5% mental. 89.1% would be willing to recommend to others the use of CLAF. A 81.8% of the population physical activity performed by more than 150 min / wk at moderate intensity; Post CLAF intervention in the subjects showed positive changes in the level of physical activity (p<0.001, Test de Wilcoxon) and behavioral state (p<0.001, Test de Wilcoxon).

Effect of joint mobilization on the H Reflex amplitude in people with spasticity

Objective: To determine the effect of ankle joint mobilization on the H reflex amplitude of thesoleus muscle in people with spasticity. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study withcrossover design and simple masking was conducted in 24 randomized subjects to initiate thecontrol or experimental group. Traction and rhythmic oscillation were applied for five minutesto the ankle joint. H wave amplitude changes of Hoffmann reflex (electrical equivalent of themonosynaptic spinal reflex) was assessed, stimulating the tibial nerve at the level of the poplitealfossa and recording in the soleus muscle. In each subject 12 measurements were taken: basalrate, during and after mobilization. Changes in H reflex amplitude were calculated in relationto basal measurement. For each measurement a hypothesis test was performed (Student t test).Results: In groups of patients with brain injury and incomplete spinal cord injury, a significantdifference was found between measurements of both studies, concerning variation in H reflexamplitude during the application of joint mobilization techniques, with a decrease in the experimentalgroup and an increase in the control group. In contrast, no significant differences werefound after mobilization therapy. Patients with complete spinal cord injury showed no significantdifferences in any measurements. Conclusion: We demonstrate the effectiveness of jointmobilization in the decrease of H reflex amplitude in patients with brain injury or incompletespinal cord injury during the mobilization maneuver, but no residual effect after completion ofthe trial. This research showed no evidence regarding excitability reduction in complete spinalcord injury. We suggest that therapeutic interventions to decrease muscle tone based on the jointmobilization should be reconsidered.

The Role of Kinaesthetic Motor Imagery in Promoting Activation of the Lumbrical Muscles in the Hemiparetic Hand: a Randomised Controlled Study

The objective of the investigation who gave as result this work was to investigate the effectiveness of kinaesthetic motor imagery in the activation of the hemiplegic hand muscles following stroke. The experiment consisted of two random groups. Movements were measured after treatment. The participants were ten patients with hemiplegic hands (men who mean age was 74.4 years; mean time since stroke 3.05 months). All patients received three sessions of physical treatment based on an identical treatment protocol. Five patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group practising kinaesthetic motor imagery of a grasp using the 'lumbrical action' (experimental group). The others five (control group) followed a relaxation script. All the patients were then asked to grasp an object using the 'lumbrical action'. The grasps were recorded using an optoelectronic motion capture system. The magnitude of the extension of the index finger and the correlation of the angular displacement of the proximal phalangeal joints and the metacarpophalangeal joints were calculated. The movement time for the whole grip was calculated. The experimental group demonstrated higher extension in the index finger (p = < 0.01) and they had a higher correlation coefficient (0.99) than the control group (0.77) for the displacement of the proximal interphalangeal joint and the metacarpophalangeal joints. The movement time for the experimental group was faster, although the difference was not significant.

Diagnostic Related Groups (drgs): Resourceful tools for financial crisis times?

This document is intended to be read by the Colombian Ministry of Social Protection (former MoH) and includes some recommendations that could be implemented on the aim to increase allocative efficiency, thus improving macroeconomic performance of the Colombian Health System (CHS). It will be conducted as follows: first it will briefly review the background and actual context of the CHS, after this, will mention some related issues that justify a policy intervention on strategic purchasing to promote long run sustainability and hopefully the future attainment of major goals such as universal coverage and quality improvement. After prioritizing the main financial threats to the system, based on findings from literature review from countries that have successfully implemented similar policies, this paper will make some policy recommendations on regards especially to inpatient health care services in Colombia.

Description of the risk factors for relapse in patients diagnosed with severe mental disorders

Objective: The objective of this paper is to describe the population served in mental health institutionsfor mental illness relapse, and the process of identifying risk factors in relapsing patientsdiagnosed with severe mental illness. To this end a descriptive exploratory multicenter, multistageepidemiological study was carried out in mental health institutions of the Order of San Juan deDios Hospital (OHSJD) with hospitalized relapsing patients with a diagnosis of severe mentaldisorder. This study comes from a working network of Psychology professionals in the OHSJDnationwide. Materials and methods: The population sample was of 1005 patients diagnosed withsevere mental disorders, who had presented relapse during the last year. First, the characterizationof the general population was conducted; then, it was narrowed down to the centers, taking intoaccount similarities and differences found according to the clinical and demographic variables.Results: Major risk factors for relapse found in patients diagnosed with severe mental disorderswere: having between 38 and 58 years of age, being female, single, graduates, unemployed, witha prevalence of bipolar affective disorder diagnosis, number of hospitalizations between 2 and10, number of drugs at the time of leaving hospital 2 to 6, with severe difficulties relating withothers and difficulties in adherence to treatment. The need for a caregiver was also found, as wellas a limited number of received psychological interventions. How the system of beliefs affects thedisease and the poor adherence to treatment was identified. Conclusions: These results indicatethe requirement of a design of team intervention strategies, ranging from the assessment team(home), definition of therapeutic action plans (for) and the posthospitalizacion (egress) following.There is a poor support network and limited adherence to comprehensive treatment.

Paradoxes of resilience: lessons learnt from a comparison between Columbia and France

This paper investigates a discrepancy concerning resilience. International institutions such as ISDR try to promote resilience as a notion useful for preventing disasters. And some searchers, mainly coming from ecology, such as Resilience Alliance group, found the notion relevant enough to promote it as a brand for their studies on disaster prevention. Yet, the second part of the paper will verify how other searchers are still not convinced by the relevance of the notion. Territorial managers are reluctant as well, in line with the poor number of policies trying to bring resilience to reality, be it in Columbia or in France. How can we make sense of this discrepancy? The paper will stress on various political, institutional and cultural conditionings hidden behind the notion. It will also enlighten the contradictions embedded within the notion, because resilience, as disaster, depends on the scales and the actors the analysis relies on first. Which resilience to whom and at what scale? These are critical questions that should be addressed in order to give sense to these contradictions. Resilience has no absolute meaning. However, it helps identifying trends towards future disasters. This is one of the main reasons why it may be found useful.