The analysis of bifurcations in the spatially distributed Langford system

In this thesis the bifurcational behavior of the solutions of Langford system is analysed. The equilibriums of the Langford system are found, and the stability of equilibriums is discussed. The conditions of loss of stability are found. The periodic solution of the system is approximated. We consider three types of boundary condition for Langford spatially distributed system: Neumann conditions, Dirichlet conditions and Neumann conditions with additional requirement of zero average. We apply the Lyapunov-Schmidt method to Langford spatially distributed system for asymptotic approximation of the periodic mode. We analyse the influence of the diffusion on the behavior of self-oscillations. As well in the present work we perform numerical experiments and compare it with the analytical results.

Antenna feed design for omnidirectional broadband antenna

This thesis is about development broadband feed for two-mirror antenna system that match following requirements: beamwidth from 45 to 90 degrees at -3 dB level, circular polarization, absence of radiation to the lower hemisphere area. Literature review was done in the areas of the UWB antennas creation. During the work attempts were made to create a feed in a form of the quad ridged horn and "eleven" antennas. The latter is introduced as the most effective feed among all antennas discussed in thesis. Radiation patterns and other results for "eleven" antenna were obtained. Results were saved as far field sources and placed slightly below focal point into the two-mirror antenna system, because phase center of the “eleven” antenna is predominantly shifted upwards. Directivity patterns for the two-mirror system were obtained and the conclusions about the work results have been made

Kahden portaalirobotin liikkeen synkronisointijärjestelmän toteuttaminen, käyttöönotto ja testaus, järjestelmän toteuttaminen, käyttöönotto ja testaus.

Tuotekehitysprojektin tarkoitus oli kehittää "älykäs" automaatiojärjestelmä kahdesta portaalirobotista muodostuvaan kuljetinlinjaan, jossa molemmat robotit synkronoidaan kulkemaan yhtäaikaisesti sähköisen akselin avulla. Tämän teknisen ratkaisun avulla kiinteitä kustannuksia, kuten valmistus- ja asennuskustannukset, saadaan laskemaan. Kuljetinlinjaa ohjataan hajautetun automaatiojärjestelmän avulla, jossa vastaanotettu ja lähetetty tieto kulkee MPI- ja Profibus-väylien kautta. Ohjelmoitava logiikkaohjain hoitaa tiedonsiirron ylätason PC:n ja hajautettujen solmujen välillä sekä jakaa tehtäviä alatason periferialaitteille. Robottien välinen sähköinen akseli mahdollistaa terästukirakenteiden ja kehikkojen jäämisen pois, jotka vain vievät tilaa tuotantotiloilta, laitteistoilta ja koneilta. Tukirakenteiden asennustyöt ovat myös aikaa vieviä ja kalliita. Huolimatta lisääntyneestä elektronisten komponenttien lukumäärästä tulee uusi tekninen ratkaisu kustannuksiltaan halvemmaksi kuin aikaisemmin käytetty mekaanisesti yhdistetty kuljetin.

Mittaustieto ilmiöstä Internetiin

Työn tavoitteena oli kehittää laajentumiskykyinen ja tarkka hajautettu mittajärjestelmä venymille ja vastaaville ilmiöille, joka silti kestäisi ankaria olosuhteita. Mittajärjestelmän tehtävä oli esittää keräämänsä tieto Internetissä. Työssä esitellään kehityksen avainkohdat. Työssä on käsitelty koko mittausjärjestelmän suunnitteluun vaikuttavien tekijöitten kaari. Esimerkki-ilmiönä käsitellään venymä. Esittelen sen fysikaalisen luonteen ja tavat joilla venymän rajat vaikuttavat mittausketjun vaatimuksiin. Samoin on esimerkein käsitelty itse anturointitapa ja sen häiriötyypit. Työ luo yhtenäisen matemaattisen katsauksen häiriöihin ja niiden hallitsemiseen ilmiöstä digitointivaiheeseen asti. Eri osa-alueiden häiriötekijät ilmaistaan valitun toisiinsa nivoutuvan terminologian kautta. Työ käsittelee tiedon digitoimisen ja verkottamisen problematiikkaa. Työssä verrataan tarjolla olleita vaihtoehtoja ja dokumentoidaan lopullisessa järjestelmässä käytetyt ratkaisut ja niiden valitsemisen syyt.

Hajautetun sähköntuotannon verkostovaikutukset

Tässä kandidaatintyössä on käsitelty hajautetun sähköntuotannon verkostovaikutuksia eri näkökulmista. Työssä on esitelty keskeisimmät sähkötekniset vaikutukset jakeluverkkoon ja tarkasteltu vaikutuksia suojauksen, käyttövarmuuden, verkkoliiketoiminnan ja suunnittelun näkökulmasta. Tarkastelu osuuden lopuksi on esitetty yksinkertainen esimerkki pienvoimalan liittämisen vaikutuksista jakeluverkkoon. Työn lopuksi on otettu katsaus tuleviin vaikutuksiin tuotantoyksiköiden lisääntyessä jakeluverkoissa. Hajautettu sähköntuotanto mahdollistaa paikallisten energiavarojen hyödyntämisen sähköntuotantoon jakeluverkon alueella. Tämä tarkoittaa, että siirtoetäisyydet pienenevät, jolloin häviöt saadaan minimoitua. Haittapuolena tällaisessa järjestelmässä on epävarmuus jakeluverkon ja tuotantoyksiköiden käyttäytymisestä eri tilanteissa, kuten myös jännitteen nousu. Suojauksen toimivuus on myös suuri ongelma, koska sen täytyy toimia riippumatta siitä onko voimala verkossa vai ei. Suojauksen toiminta hajautetun tuotannon yhteydessä on epävarmaa ja selvästi tällä hetkellä suurin este järjestelmän laajempaan hyödyntämiseen.

Hajautetun automaation käyttö osana simulaatiota

Työssä perehdytään simulaatiotekniikkaan, jossa käytetään osana fyysistä laitteistoa, ja siihen tarvittaviin komponentteihin, kuten ohjelmistorajapintoihin sekä kenttäväylään. Työssä tutustutaan myös IEC 61131-3 ja IEC 61499 -standardien mukaisiin toimintolohkomalleihin, joita käytetään automaatiossa. Näiden perusteella kehitetään järjestelmä, jonka avulla Simulink-ympäristössä voidaan oman toimintolohkon avulla käyttää taajuusmuuttajaa osana simulaatiota. Tällaisen reaaliaikaisen systeemin eri osien väliseen synkronointiin kiinnitetään myös huomiota. Järjestelmää testataan simulaatiomallilla, jossa syötetään vääntömomenttiohje taajuusmuuttajalle, joka mittaa siihen kytketyn moottorin pyörimisnopeuden. Mallilla voidaan esimerkiksi arvioida kuorman hitausmomentti. Työssä tutustutaan myös taajuusmuuttajien ohjelmallisiin ominaisuuksiin ja niiden perusteella pohditaan esitetyn kaltaisten järjestelmien käyttöä hajautettuna automaatiojärjestelmänä. Kokeellinen työ tehtiin säätö- ja digitaalitekniikan laboratoriossa vuoden 2010 aikana.

Building distributed high availability system

Today’s commercial web sites are under heavy user load and they are expected to be operational and available at all times. Distributed system architectures have been developed to provide a scalable and failure tolerant high availability platform for these web based services. The focus on this thesis was to specify and implement resilient and scalable locally distributed high availability system architecture for a web based service. Theory part concentrates on the fundamental characteristics of distributed systems and presents common scalable high availability server architectures that are used in web based services. In the practical part of the thesis the implemented new system architecture is explained. Practical part also includes two different test cases that were done to test the system's performance capacity.

A Model-Based Development and Verification Framework for Distributed System-on-Chip Architecture

The capabilities and thus, design complexity of VLSI-based embedded systems have increased tremendously in recent years, riding the wave of Moore’s law. The time-to-market requirements are also shrinking, imposing challenges to the designers, which in turn, seek to adopt new design methods to increase their productivity. As an answer to these new pressures, modern day systems have moved towards on-chip multiprocessing technologies. New architectures have emerged in on-chip multiprocessing in order to utilize the tremendous advances of fabrication technology. Platform-based design is a possible solution in addressing these challenges. The principle behind the approach is to separate the functionality of an application from the organization and communication architecture of hardware platform at several levels of abstraction. The existing design methodologies pertaining to platform-based design approach don’t provide full automation at every level of the design processes, and sometimes, the co-design of platform-based systems lead to sub-optimal systems. In addition, the design productivity gap in multiprocessor systems remain a key challenge due to existing design methodologies. This thesis addresses the aforementioned challenges and discusses the creation of a development framework for a platform-based system design, in the context of the SegBus platform - a distributed communication architecture. This research aims to provide automated procedures for platform design and application mapping. Structural verification support is also featured thus ensuring correct-by-design platforms. The solution is based on a model-based process. Both the platform and the application are modeled using the Unified Modeling Language. This thesis develops a Domain Specific Language to support platform modeling based on a corresponding UML profile. Object Constraint Language constraints are used to support structurally correct platform construction. An emulator is thus introduced to allow as much as possible accurate performance estimation of the solution, at high abstraction levels. VHDL code is automatically generated, in the form of “snippets” to be employed in the arbiter modules of the platform, as required by the application. The resulting framework is applied in building an actual design solution for an MP3 stereo audio decoder application.

Distributed Energy Production in the North-West Region of Russia

The energy system of Russia is the world's fourth largest measured by installed power. The largest are that of the the United States of America, China and Japan. After 1990, the electricity consumption decreased as a result of the Russian industry crisis. The vivid economic growth during the latest few years explains the new increase in the demand for energy resources within the State. In 2005 the consumption of electricity achieved the maximum level of 1990 and continues to growth. In the 1980's, the renewal of power facilities was already very slow and practically stopped in the 1990's. At present, the energy system can be very much characterized as outdated, inefficient and uneconomic because of the old equipment, non-effective structure and large losses in the transmission lines. The aim of Russia's energy reform, which was started in 2001, is to achieve a market based energy policy by 2011. This would thus remove the significantly state-controlled monopoly in Russia's energy policy. The reform will stimulateto decrease losses, improve the energy system and employ energy-saving technologies. The Russian energy system today is still based on the use of fossil fuels, and it almost totally ignores the efficient use of renewable sources such as wind, solar, small hydro and biomass, despite of their significant resources in Russia. The main target of this project is to consider opportunities to apply renewable energy production in the North-West Federal Region of Russia to partly solve the above mentioned problems in the energy system.

Protection of publicly distributed software components

The nature of client-server architecture implies that some modules are delivered to customers. These publicly distributed commercial software components are under risk, because users (and simultaneously potential malefactors) have physical access to some components of the distributed system. The problem becomes even worse if interpreted programming languages are used for creation of client side modules. The language Java, which was designed to be compiled into platform independent byte-code is not an exception and runs the additional risk. Along with advantages like verifying the code before execution (to ensure that program does not produce some illegal operations)Java has some disadvantages. On a stage of byte-code a java program still contains comments, line numbers and some other instructions, which can be used for reverse-engineering. This Master's thesis focuses on protection of Java code based client-server applications. I present a mixture of methods to protect software from tortious acts. Then I shall realize all the theoretical assumptions in a practice and examine their efficiency in examples of Java code. One of the criteria's to evaluate the system is that my product is used for specialized area of interactive television.

Information System ProcessInnovation Adoption, Adaptation, Learning, and Unlearning: A Longitudinal Case Study

This thesis examines the history and evolution of information system process innovation (ISPI) processes (adoption, adaptation, and unlearning) within the information system development (ISD) work in an internal information system (IS) department and in two IS software house organisations in Finland over a 43-year time-period. The study offers insights into influential actors and their dependencies in deciding over ISPIs. The research usesa qualitative research approach, and the research methodology involves the description of the ISPI processes, how the actors searched for ISPIs, and how the relationships between the actors changed over time. The existing theories were evaluated using the conceptual models of the ISPI processes based on the innovationliterature in the IS area. The main focus of the study was to observe changes in the main ISPI processes over time. The main contribution of the thesis is a new theory. The term theory should be understood as 1) a new conceptual framework of the ISPI processes, 2) new ISPI concepts and categories, and the relationships between the ISPI concepts inside the ISPI processes. The study gives a comprehensive and systematic study on the history and evolution of the ISPI processes; reveals the factors that affected ISPI adoption; studies ISPI knowledge acquisition, information transfer, and adaptation mechanisms; and reveals the mechanismsaffecting ISPI unlearning; changes in the ISPI processes; and diverse actors involved in the processes. The results show that both the internal IS department and the two IS software houses sought opportunities to improve their technical skills and career paths and this created an innovative culture. When new technology generations come to the market the platform systems need to be renewed, and therefore the organisations invest in ISPIs in cycles. The extent of internal learning and experiments was higher than the external knowledge acquisition. Until the outsourcing event (1984) the decision-making was centralised and the internalIS department was very influential over ISPIs. After outsourcing, decision-making became distributed between the two IS software houses, the IS client, and itsinternal IT department. The IS client wanted to assure that information systemswould serve the business of the company and thus wanted to co-operate closely with the software organisations.

Improving distributed simulation in a workstation environment

Technological development brings more and more complex systems to the consumer markets. The time required for bringing a new product to market is crucial for the competitive edge of a company. Simulation is used as a tool to model these products and their operation before actual live systems are built. The complexity of these systems can easily require large amounts of memory and computing power. Distributed simulation can be used to meet these demands. Distributed simulation has its problems. Diworse, a distributed simulation environment, was used in this study to analyze the different factors that affect the time required for the simulation of a system. Examples of these factors are the simulation algorithm, communication protocols, partitioning of the problem, distributionof the problem, capabilities of the computing and communications equipment and the external load. Offices offer vast amounts of unused capabilities in the formof idle workstations. The use of this computing power for distributed simulation requires the simulation to adapt to a changing load situation. This requires all or part of the simulation work to be removed from a workstation when the owner wishes to use the workstation again. If load balancing is not performed, the simulation suffers from the workstation's reduced performance, which also hampers the owner's work. Operation of load balancing in Diworse is studied and it is shown to perform better than no load balancing, as well as which different approaches for load balancing are discussed.

Agent-augmented process automation system in a panel board factory

Kiristyvä kansainvälinen kilpailu pakottaa automaatiojärjestelmien valmistajat ottamaan käyttöön uusia menetelmiä, joiden avulla järjestelmien suorituskykyä ja joustavuutta saadaan parannettua. Agenttiteknologiaa on esitetty käytettäväksi olemassa olevien automaatiojärjestelmien kanssa vastaamaan automaatiolle asetettaviin uusiin haasteisiin. Agentit ovat itsenäisiä yhteisöllisiä toimijoita, jotka suorittavat niille ennalta määrättyjä tehtäviä. Ne tarjoavat yhtenäisen kehyksen kehittyneiden toimintojen toteutukselle. Agenttiteknologian avulla automaatiojärjestelmä saadaan toimimaan joustavasti ja vikasietoisesti. Tässä työssä selostetaan agenttiteknologian ajatuksia ja käsitteitä. Lisäksi selvitetään sen soveltuvuutta monimutkaisten ohjausjärjestelmien kehittämiseen ja etsitään käyttökohteita sen soveltamiselle levytehtaassa. Työssä käsitellään myös aatteita, jotka ovat johtaneet agenttiteknologian käyttöön automaatiojärjestelmissä, sekä selostetaan agenttiavusteisen esimerkkisovelluksen rakenne ja testitulokset. Tutkimuksen tuloksena löydettiin useita kohteita agenttiteknologian käytölle levytehtaassa. Esimerkkisovellus osoittaa sen sopivan hyvin kehittyneiden toimintojen toteutukseen automaatiojärjestelmissä.

On Transmission System Design for Wireless Broadcasting

This thesis considers aspects related to the design and standardisation of transmission systems for wireless broadcasting, comprising terrestrial and mobile reception. The purpose is to identify which factors influence the technical decisions and what issues could be better considered in the design process in order to assess different use cases, service scenarios and end-user quality. Further, the necessity of cross-layer optimisation for efficient data transmission is emphasised and means to take this into consideration are suggested. The work is mainly related terrestrial and mobile digital video broadcasting systems but many of the findings can be generalised also to other transmission systems and design processes. The work has led to three main conclusions. First, it is discovered that there are no sufficiently accurate error criteria for measuring the subjective perceived audiovisual quality that could be utilised in transmission system design. Means for designing new error criteria for mobile TV (television) services are suggested and similar work related to other services is recommended. Second, it is suggested that in addition to commercial requirements there should be technical requirements setting the frame work for the design process of a new transmission system. The technical requirements should include the assessed reception conditions, technical quality of service and service functionalities. Reception conditions comprise radio channel models, receiver types and antenna types. Technical quality of service consists of bandwidth, timeliness and reliability. Of these, the thesis focuses on radio channel models and errorcriteria (reliability) as two of the most important design challenges and provides means to optimise transmission parameters based on these. Third, the thesis argues that the most favourable development for wireless broadcasting would be a single system suitable for all scenarios of wireless broadcasting. It is claimed that there are no major technical obstacles to achieve this and that the recently published second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system provides a good basis. The challenges and opportunities of a universal wireless broadcasting system are discussed mainly from technical but briefly also from commercial and regulatory aspect

Groupware and Workflow Tools - A Case study of SAP Business Workflow Supporting System Integration in a Global Telecommunication Company

Workflow management systems aim at the controlled execution of complex application processes in distributed and heterogeneous environments. These systems will shape the structure of information systems in business and non-business environments. E business and system integration is a fertile soil for WF and groupware tools. This thesis aims to study WF and groupware tools in order to gather in house knowledge of WF to better utilize WF solutions in future, and to focus on SAP Business Workflow in order to find a global solution for Application Link Enabling support for system integration. Piloting this solution in Nokia collects the experience of SAP R/3 WF tool for other development projects in future. The literary part of this study will guide to the world of business process automation providing a general description of the history, use and potentials of WF & groupware software. The empirical part of this study begins with the background of the case study describing the IT environment initiating the case by introducing SAP R/3 in Nokia, the communication technique in use and WF tool. Case study is focused in one solution with SAP Business Workflow. This study provides a concept to monitor communication between ERP systems and to increase the quality of system integration. Case study describes a way create support model for ALE/EDI interfaces. Support model includes monitoring organization and the workflow processes to solve the most common IDoc related errors.