19 resultados para International Coffee Organization (1962- )
em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland
Resumo:
Suomenlahden lisntynyt meriliikenne on herttnyt huolta meriliikenteen turvallisuuden tasosta, ja erityisesti Venjn ljyviennin kasvu on lisnnyt ljyonnettomuuden todennkisyytt Suomenlahdella. Erilaiset kansainvliset, alueelliset ja kansalliset ohjauskeinot pyrkivt vhentmn merionnettomuuden riski ja meriliikenteen muita haittavaikutuksia. Tm raportti ksittelee meriturvallisuuden yhteiskunnallisia ohjauskeinoja: ohjauskeinoja yleisell tasolla, meriturvallisuuden keskeisimpi stelijit, meriturvallisuuden ohjauskeinoja ja meriturvallisuuspolitiikan tulevaisuuden nkymi, ohjauskeinojen tehokkuutta ja nykyisen meriturvallisuuden ohjausjrjestelmn heikkouksia. Raportti on kirjallisuuskatsaus meriturvallisuuden yhteiskunnalliseen sntelyn rakenteeseen ja tilaan erityisesti Suomenlahden meriliikenteen nkkulmasta. Raportti on osa tutkimusprojektia SAFGOF - Suomenlahden meriliikenteen kasvunkymt 2007 - 2015 ja kasvun vaikutukset ympristlle ja kuljetusketjujen toimintaan ja sen typakettia 6 Keskeisimmt riskit ja yhteiskunnalliset vaikutuskeinot. Yhteiskunnalliset ohjauskeinot voidaan ryhmitell hallinnollisiin, taloudellisiin ja tietoohjaukseen perustuviin ohjauskeinoihin. Meriturvallisuuden edistmisess kytetn kaikkia nit, mutta hallinnolliset ohjauskeinot ovat trkeimmss asemassa. Merenkulun kansainvlisen luonteen vuoksi meriturvallisuuden sntely tapahtuu posin kansainvlisell tasolla YK:n ja erityisesti Kansainvlisen merenkulkujrjestn (IMO) toimesta. Lisksi mys Euroopan Unionilla on omaa meriturvallisuuteen liittyv sntely ja on mys olemassa muita alueellisia meriturvallisuuden edistmiseen liittyvi elimi kuten HELCOM. Joitakin meriturvallisuuden osa-alueita sdelln mys kansallisella tasolla. Hallinnolliset meriturvallisuuden ohjauskeinot sisltvt aluksen rakenteisiin ja varustukseen, alusten kunnon valvontaan, merimiehiin ja merityn tekemiseen sek navigointiin liittyvi ohjauskeinoja. Taloudellisiin ohjauskeinoihin kuuluvat esimerkiksi vyl- ja satamamaksut, merivakuutukset, P&I klubit, vastuullisuus- ja korvauskysymykset sek taloudelliset kannustimet. Taloudellisten ohjauskeinojen kytt meriturvallisuuden edistmiseen on melko vhist verrattuna hallinnollisten ohjauskeinojen kyttn, mutta niit voitaisiin varmasti kytt enemmnkin. Ongelmana taloudellisten ohjauskeinojen kytss on se, ett ne kuuluvat pitklti kansallisen sntelyn piiriin, joten alueellisten tai kansainvlisten intressien edistminen taloudellisilla ohjauskeinoilla voi olla hankalaa. Tieto-ohjaus perustuu toimijoiden vapaaehtoisuuteen ja yleisen tiedotuksen lisksi tieto-ohjaukseen sisltyy esimerkiksi vapaaehtoinen koulutus, sertifiointi tai meriturvallisuuden edistmiseen thtvt palkinnot. Poliittisella tasolla meriliikenteen aiheuttamat turvallisuusriskit Suomenlahdella on otettu vakavasti ja paljon tyt tehdn eri tahoilla riskien minimoimiseksi. Uutta sntely on odotettavissa etenkin liittyen meriliikenteen ympristvaikutuksiin ja meriliikenteen ohjaukseen kuten meriliikenteen shkisiin seurantajrjestelmiin. Mys inhimilliseen tekijn merkitykseen meriturvallisuuden kehittmisess on kiinnitetty lisntyviss mrin huomiota, mutta inhimilliseen tekijn osalta tehokkaiden ohjauskeinojen kehittminen nytt olevan haasteellista. Yleisimmin lkkeeksi esitetn koulutuksen kehittmist. Kirjallisuudessa esitettyjen kriteereiden mukaan tehokkaiden ohjauskeinojen tulisi tytt seuraavat vaatimukset: 1) tarkoituksenmukaisuus ohjauskeinojen tytyy olla sopivia asetetun tavoitteen saavuttamiseen, 2) taloudellinen tehokkuus ohjauskeinon hydyt vs. kustannukset tulisi olla tasapainossa, 3) hyvksyttvyys ohjauskeinon tytyy olla hyvksyttv asianosaisten ja mys laajemman yhteiskunnan nkkulmasta katsottuna, 4) toimeenpano ohjauskeinon toimeenpanon pit olla mahdollista ja sen noudattamista tytyy pysty valvomaan, 5) lateraaliset vaikutukset hyvll ohjauskeinolla on positiivisia seurannaisvaikutuksia muutoinkin kuin vain ohjauskeinon ensisijaisten tavoitteiden saavuttaminen, 6) kannustin ja uuden luominen hyv ohjauskeino kannustaa kokeilemaan uusia ratkaisuja ja kehittmn toimintaa. Meriturvallisuutta koskevaa sntely on paljon ja yleisesti ottaen merionnettomuuksien lukumr on ollut laskeva viime vuosikymmenien aikana. Suuri osa sntelyst on ollut tehokasta ja parantanut turvallisuuden tasoa maailman merill. Silti merionnettomuuksia ja muita vaarallisia tapahtumia sattuu edelleen. Nykyist sntelyjrjestelm voidaan kritisoida monen asian suhteen. Kansainvlisen sntelyn aikaansaaminen ei ole helppoa: prosessi on yleens hidas ja tuloksena voi olla kompromissien kompromissi. Kansainvlinen sntely on yleens reaktiivista eli ongelmakohtiin puututaan vasta kun jokin onnettomuus tapahtuu sen sijaan ett se olisi proaktiivista ja pyrkisi puuttumaan ongelmakohtiin jo ennen kuin jotain tapahtuu. IMO:n tyskentely perustuu kansallisvaltioiden osallistumiseen ja sntelyn toimeenpano tapahtuu lippuvaltioiden toimesta. Kansallisvaltiot ajavat IMO:ssa pasiallisesti omia intressejn ja sntelyn toimeenpanossa on suuria eroja lippuvaltioiden vlill. IMO:n kyvyttmyys puuttua havaittuihin ongelmiin nopeasti ja ottaa sntelyss huomioon paikallisia olosuhteita on johtanut siihen, ett esimerkiksi Euroopan Unioni on alkanut itse sdell meriturvallisuutta ja ett on olemassa sellaisia alueellisia erityisjrjestelyj kuin PSSA (particularly sensitive sea area erityisen herkk merialue). Merenkulkualalla toimii monenlaisia yrityksi: toisaalta yrityksi, jotka pyrkivt toimimaan turvallisesti ja kehittmn turvallisuutta viel korkeammalle tasolle, ja toisaalta yrityksi, jotka toimivat niin halvalla kuin mahdollista, eivt vlit turvallisuusseikoista, ja joilla usein on monimutkaiset ja epmriset omistusolosuhteet ja joita vahingon sattuessa on vaikea saada vastuuseen. Ongelma on, ett kansainvlisell merenkulkualalla kaikkien yritysten on toimittava samoilla markkinoilla. Vastuuttomien yritysten toiminnan mahdollistavat laivaajat ja muut alan toimijat, jotka suostuvat tekemn yhteistyt niiden kanssa. Vlinpitmtn suhtautuminen turvallisuuteen johtuu osaksi mys merenkulun vanhoillisesta turvallisuuskulttuurista. Verrattaessa meriturvallisuuden sntelyjrjestelm kokonaisuutena tehokkaiden ohjauskeinoihin kriteereihin, voidaan todeta, ett monien kriteerien osalta nykyist jrjestelm voidaan pit tehokkaana ja onnistuneena. Suurimmat ongelmat lienevt sntelyn toimeenpanossa ja ohjauskeinojen kustannustehokkuudessa. Lippuvaltioiden toimeenpanoon perustuva jrjestelm ei toimi toivotulla tavalla, josta mukavuuslippujen olemassa olo on selvin merkki. Ohjauskeinojen, sek yksittisten ohjauskeinojen ett vertailtaessa eri ohjauskeinoja keskenn, kustannustehokkuutta on usein vaikea arvioida, mink seurauksena ohjauskeinojen kustannustehokkuudesta ei ole saatavissa luotettavaa tietoa ja tuloksena voi olla, ett ohjauskeino on kytnnss pienen riskin eliminoimista korkealla kustannuksella. Kansainvlisen tason meriturvallisuus- (ja merenkulku-) politiikan menettelytavoiksi on ehdotettu mys muita vaihtoehtoja kuin nykyinen jrjestelm, esimerkiksi monitasoista tai polysentrist hallintojrjestelm. Monitasoisella hallintojrjestelmll tarkoitetaan jrjestelm, jossa keskushallinto on hajautettu sek vertikaalisesti alueellisille tasoille ett horisontaalisesti ei-valtiollisille toimijoille. Polysentrinen hallintojrjestelm menee viel askeleen pidemmlle. Polysentrinen hallintojrjestelm on hallintotapa, jonka puitteissa kaikentyyppiset toimijat, sek yksityiset ett julkiset, voivat osallistua hallintoon, siis esimerkiksi hallitukset, edunvalvontajrjestt, kaupalliset yritykset jne. Kansainvlinen lainsdnt mrittelee yleiset tasot, mutta konkreettiset toimenpiteet voidaan ptt paikallisella tasolla eri toimijoiden vlisess yhteistyss. Tmn tyyppisiss hallintojrjestelmiss merenkulkualan todellinen, kansainvlinen mutta toisaalta paikallinen, toimintaymprist tulisi otetuksi paremmin huomioon kuin jrjestelmss, joka perustuu kansallisvaltioiden keskenn yhteistyss tekemn sntelyyn. Tllainen muutos meriturvallisuuden hallinnassa vaatisi kuitenkin suurta periaatteellista suunnanmuutosta, jollaisen toteutumista ei voi pit kovin todennkisen ainakaan lyhyell thtimell.
Resumo:
Marine traffic is expected to increase rapidly in the future, both in the Baltic Sea and in the Gulf of Finland. As the number of vessels in the area increases, so does the risk of serious marine accidents. To help prevent such accidents in the future, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has put forth the International Safety Management Code (the ISM Code), which aims to improve the safety of the vessels. The second work package of the Development of maritime safety culture (METKU) project investigates the effects of the ISM Code and potential areas of improvement in maritime safety. The first phase in the work package used a literature review to determine how maritime safety culture could be improved. Continuous improvement, management commitment and personnel empowerment and motivation were found to be essential. In the second phase, shipping companies and administrators were interviewed. It was discovered that especially incident reporting based on continuous improvement was felt to be lacking. This third phase aims to take a closer look at incident reporting and suggest improvements based on the findings. Both the IMO and national legislation encourage shipping companies in incident reporting, and on the national level a shared incident reporting system (ForeSea) is being pushed forward. The objective of this research project was to find out the IMOs attitude towards incident reporting, to establish a theoretical framework of reference in incident reporting, and to observe how reporting is actually being employed on the seas. Existing incident reporting systems were also researched. The study was carried out using a literature review and the results previously gathered in interviews. The results of phase two were elaborated further for themes relating to incident reporting. According to the findings of this research, the theoretical background of incident reporting dates back to the early 20th century. Although some theories are widely accepted, some have also received criticism. The lack of a concise, shared terminology poses major difficulties in maritime incident reporting and in determining its efficiency. A central finding is the fact that existing incident reporting focuses mostly on information flow away from the ship, whereas the backward information flow is much less planned and monitored. In incident reporting, both nationally and internationally, stakeholders are plenty. The information produced by these parties is scattered, however, and thus not very usable. Based on this research, the centralizing of this information should be made a priority. Traditionally, the success of incident reporting has been determined statistically, from the number of reported incidents. Yet existing reporting systems have not been designed with such statistical analysis in mind, so different methodologies might yield a more comprehensive view. The previous findings of seafarers and management (including shipping companies and administration) having differing views on safety work and safety management were backed up by the results of this study. Seafarers find seamanship and storytelling important, while management wants a more systematic and broad approach on safety matters. The research project was carried out by the Centre for Maritime Studies of the University of Turku, in the Kotka unit (Maritime Logistics Research), with coordination by the Kotka Maritime Research Centre. The major financiers of the project were the European Union and the city of Kotka. The financing authority was the Regional Council of Pijt-Hme. Partners in the project were the shipping companies Finnlines Oyj, Kristina Cruises Oy, Meriaura Oy and VG-Shipping Oy, and the ports of Helsinki, Kotka and Hamina. The partners provided both funding for the project and information for the research.
Resumo:
Due to increasing waterborne transportation in the Gulf of Finland, the risk of a hazardous accident increases and therefore manifold preventive actions are needed. As a main legislative authority in the maritime community, The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set down plenary laws and recommendations which are e.g., utilised in the safe operations in ships and pollution prevention. One of these compulsory requirements, the ISM Code, requires proactive attitude both from the top management and operational workers in the shipping companies. In this study, a crosssectional approach was taken to analyse whether the ISM Code has actively enhanced maritime safety in the Gulf of Finland. The analysis included; 1) performance of the ISM Code in Finnish shipping companies, 2) statistical measurements of maritime safety, 3) influence of corporate top management to the safety culture and 4) comparing safety management practices in shipping companies and port operations of Finnish maritime and port authorities. The main results found were that maritime safety culture has developed in the right direction after the launch of the ISM Code in the 1990s. However, this study does not exclusively prove that the improvements are the consequence of the ISM Code. Accident prone ships can be recognized due to their behaviour and there is a lesson to learn from the safety culture of some high standard safety disciplines such as, air traffic. In addition, the reporting of accidents and nearmisses should be more widely used in shipping industry. In conclusion, there is still much to be improved in the maritime safety culture of the Finnish Shipping industry, e.g., a no blame culture needs to be adopted.
Resumo:
The ability of a multinational company to effectively transfer knowledge from one unit to another can create a great source of competitive advantage and is crucial for long-term success. However, in their attempts to disseminate existent knowledge across national boundaries, organizations encounter several obstacles. Especially challenging is the transfer of tacit knowledge, the most valuable kind, as it is embedded in the minds and the behavior of people. The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors and challenges to be considered in intra-organizational knowledge transfer and consequently develop a framework that could be utilized to improve the process. The research is of qualitative nature and it adopts an exploratory approach. The study was further conducted as an intensive single-case study through studying a Finnish multinational company, and the researcher adopted a role as a participant observant in the research setting. Other data collection methods include semi-structured interviews and an online survey. The research findings show that knowledge transfer is currently challenging within the international sales organization of the case company. The majority of knowledge is currently concentrated in the company headquarters, and it is not always systematically distributed to the regional offices abroad. The main factor affecting knowledge transfer seems to be the organizational culture, which does not support or encourage knowledge sharing. The company is struggling in having a common place for information and employees that lack proper social networks have difficulties accessing relevant knowledge. Some recommended improvement suggestions include the institutionalization of knowledge transfer by turning it into an articulated organizational goal, and the implementation of a reward system that includes soft factors, such as teamwork and knowledge sharing behavior. Furthermore, the organizational culture should be more open and supportive in order to reinforce trust. Individuals in regional offices should be given better support by offering them dedicated mentors and increasing the amount of expatriation. Finally, knowledge should actively be codified and stored in commonly shared platforms where it is easily accessible by all employees.
Resumo:
Painolastivesien mukana kulkeutuvien lajien leviminen on yksi vakavimmista globaaleista ympristuhkista. Kansainvlinen merenkulkujrjest IMO mritteli vuonna 2004 kansainvlisen painolastivesiyleissopimuksen, jonka tarkoituksena on ehkist laivojen painolastivesien mukana kulkeutuvien lajien levimist. Sopimus velvoittaa aluksia ksittelemn niiden painolastivedet ja se sislt mys ksittelyjrjestelmilt edellytetyt vaatimukset. Vaikka sopimus ei ole viel astunut voimaan, painolastivesien ksittelyyn lytyy markkinoilta jo useita kymmeni IMO:n hyvksymi ksittelyjrjestelmi, jotka hydyntvt erilaisia mekaanisia, fysikaalisia ja kemiallisia menetelmi. Yksi yleisimmin kytetyist menetelmist on UV-steilytys. UV-steily tuotetaan elohopealampuilla, jotka kuitenkin kuluttavat paljon energiaa ja sisltvt myrkyllist elohopeaa. Tmn tyn tarkoituksena oli selvitt, voisiko elohopealamput korvata lhitulevaisuudessa UV-LED -lampuilla. UV-LED lamppujen etuja ovat muun muassa energiatehokkuus, kestv rakenne ja myrkyttmyys. Tyn trkeimpn tavoitteena oli tutkia laboratoriomittausten avulla, millainen UV-annosmr 10-50 m kokoisten kasviplanktonien inaktivoimiseen tarvitaan. Mittausjrjestelyt vastasivat suurelta osin IMO:n vaatimuksia. Laboratoriomittauksissa kytettiin 265 nm:n aallonpituudella toimivia UV-LED -lamppuja. Nytteiden analysoinnissa kytettiin sek PAM-fluorometri ett virtaussytometri. Saatujen tulosten perusteella tutkimuksessa kytettyjen lajien Asterionellopsis glacialis ja Thalassiosira sp. tydelliseen inaktivoitumiseen tarvittiin noin 600 mJ/cm2 suuruinen UV-annos. Tulos vastasi ennakko-odotuksia ja se oli vertailukelpoinen muiden aiheesta tehtyjen tutkimusten kanssa. Koska nykyisten UV-LED lamppujen teho on hyvin alhainen, ne eivt viel sovellu painolastivesien ksittelyyn. UV-LED lamppujen kehitysty on kuitenkin kynniss ja on arvioitu, ett niit voitaisiin kytt suurten virtaamien ksittelyss 5-10 vuoden kuluttua.
Resumo:
The pressure has grown to develop cost-effective emission reduction strategies in the Baltic Sea. The forthcoming stringent regulations of the International Maritime Organization for reducing harmful emissions of shipping in the Baltic Sea are causing increasing expenses for the operators. A market-based attitude towards pricing of economic incentives could be seen as a new approach for a successful application for the additional emission reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx). In this study the aim is to understand the phenomenon of environmentally differentiated port fees and its effects on shipping companies emission reduction investments. The goal is to examine empirically the real-life effects of the possible environmental differentiated port fee system and the effect of environmentally differentiated port fees on NOx reduction investments in the Baltic Sea. The research approach of this study is nomothetical. In this study research questions are answered by analyzing the broad database of the Baltic Sea fleet. Also the framework of theory is confirmed and plays an important role in analyzing the research problem. Existing investment costs of NOx emission reduction technology to ship owners are estimated and compared to investment costs with granted discounts added to the cash flows. The statistical analysis in this study is descriptive. The major statistic examination of this study is the calculation of the net present values of investments with different port fee scenarios. This is done to investigate if the NOx technology investments could be economically reasonable. Based on calculations it is clear that the effect of environmentally differentiated port fees is not adequate to compensate the total investment costs for NOx reduction. If the investment decision is made only with profitability considerations, sources will prefer to emission abatement as long as incomes from the given subsidy exceeds their abatement costs. Despite of the results, evidence was found that shipping companies are nevertheless willing to invest on voluntary emission abatement technology. In that case, investment decision could be made with criteria of, for example, sustainable strategy or brand image. Combined fairway and port fee system or governmental regulations and recommendation could also function as additional incentives to compensate the investment costs. Also, the results imply that the use of NPV is not necessarily the best method to evaluate environmental investments. If the calculations would be done with more environmental methods the results would probably be different.
Resumo:
International nursing has been a growing phenomenon throughout the globe. International nurses have been found to be an asset to healthcare organizations and an important part of the health care team. However, growing concern for the plight of international nurses facing obstacles such as professional stagnation and exploitation has spurred the development of strategies to mitigate and ameliorate the experiences of nurses working abroad. In this respect, the purpose of this study was to explore the management-influenced factors and the nurse team-influenced factors that promote the empowerment of the international nurse in the health care setting. The methodology used in this study was a systemic review. After a rigorous search for relevant empirical studies using OVID database, eight empirical research studies were selected using systematic review methodology to collect, analyze and synthesize data. The selected eight empirical studies were then subjected to a content analysis. The results suggested that the empowerment of an international nurse is inseparable from the empowerment of the health care organization. Based on the findings in this study, strategies to promote international nurses were found to mirror strategies evidenced to empower the nursing organization. Some of the management-influenced factors which were found to facilitate empowerment included a diversity rich work culture, transformational leadership at the management level, and a responsibility to foster the values of the organization. The team-influenced factors which were found to contribute to the empowerment of the international nurse included a united mutually-interdependent nurse team, shared accountability among the members of the nurse team, and the building of trust in work relationships. To conlude, this study indicates that efforts to empower international nurses without considering the work culture and the organization as a whole are futile because empowerment cannot take place in an environment that lacks antecedent conditions. Strategies to empower the international nurse should not focus on the deficits and special needs of the international nurse, but should focus on the similarities and commonalities of the nursing body. Empowerment of the international nurse mean open honest communication, supportive work environment, and a firm policy to quell disruptive elements that threaten the organization's values, mission, and philosophy of care.
Resumo:
Tyn ptavoitteena on kartoittaa Venjn elintarviketeollisuutta ulkomaisen investoijan nkkulmasta. Tutkimus arvioi liiketoimintamahdollisuuksia ja kilpailutilannetta Venjn elintarviketeollisuudessa ja auttaa ulkomaisia yrityksi toteuttamaan liiketoimintastrategioitaan Venjll. Venjn ja muiden siirtymtalousmaiden markkinatilannevertailujen lisksi Venjn alueita verrataan keskenn. Mys mahdollisen WTO jsenyyden vaikutuksia arvioidaan. Kommunismin perint vaikuttaa edelleen Venjn elintarviketeollisuuteen ja maatalouteen. Maatalouden tuottavuus on kaukana lnsimaisesta tasosta ja maatiloilta puuttuu rahoitusta. Etenkin maidon- ja lihanjalostajat krsivt raaka-ainepulasta. Venjn kriisi vuonna 1998 vahvisti paikallista teollisuustuotantoa mutta aiheutti ongelmia ulkomaisille investoijille ja yrityksille, jotka vievt tuotteitaan Venjlle. Edut, joita mahdollinen maailmankauppajrjest WTO:n jsenyys tuo, ovat merkittvmpi Venjlle kuin sen kauppakumppaneille. Venjn alueet eivt ole yhtlisesti kehittyneit ja kuluttajien ostovoima vaihtelee paljon. Itsestn selvin ja houkuttelevin vaihtoehto menestyvien elintarvikeyritysten laajentumiselle lytyy alueilta, joilla ostovoima on suurin. Thn asti kansainvliset elintarvikeyritykset ovat olleet enemmn kiinnostuneita It- ja Keski-Euroopan maista. Kytettviss olevat tulot ovat It- ja Keski-Euroopan maissa suurempia kuin Venjll, joten tuottajat pystyvt myymn mys kalliimpia tuotteita. Tyvoimakustannukset Venjll tulevat olemaan suotuisia viel muutaman vuosikymmenen ja markkinoiden koko on merkittv. Siksi kansainvlisill elintarvikeyrityksill riitt kiinnostusta tulevaisuudessa investoida mys Venjlle.
Resumo:
The purpose of this Masters thesis is to examine the IT Service Management (ITSM) capabilities of a large international company and develop a design for the IT Service Management of the company. The thesis consists of two parts: a literature review and a case study. The first part is the literature review. It examines different aspects of IT Service Management. The purpose of the literature review is to increase the credibility of the case study. In the case study, the IT Service Management of a large industrial company is assessed, and an improved design for IT Service Management is created. The services are limited to common IT services, and management is limited to operative management. To assess and develop the case companys IT Service Management, the IT organization and its ITSM capabilities are analyzed, and on the basis of the analyses, an improved IT Service Management model is created. As a result of the analyses, it was found out that the management of the IT organization is function-oriented. Therefore, the organization needs a management model that breaks the functional borders and brings services to the center of management. The designed model aspires to achieve this by defining IT services and modeling management processes from the service perspective.
Resumo:
The purpose of this report is to disseminate the best practices of double degree programmes organization, implementation and development between Russian and European universities. The findings reveal good developments in the field of double degree cooperation between Russian and European universities and a high motivation from both parties. The report depicts different models of building a joint curriculum and organizing academic mobility. Foreign language skills improvement for students and university staff, involvement of international companies, and joint strategy and actions in marketing and quality assurance are some redevelopments points recommended in the report.
Resumo:
The purpose of the Masters thesis research is to study and disseminate the best practices of international double Masters degree programmes organization, implementation and development. The given research is focused on two main areas: motivation of higher education institutions to start double degree programmes and best practices of double degree programme design and implementation from the perspective of building joint curriculum and organizing balanced mobility and development of existing programmes in terms of increasing their quality and attractiveness. This is a case study of the double degree programmes between Russian and European universities. The study findings reveal good developments in the field of double degree cooperation between Russian and European universities and a high motivation from both parties. The research depicts different models of building a joint curriculum and organizing academic mobility. The following areas could be outlined as development points for double degree programmes: - Personal interest and commitment of organizers of double degree programmes; - Comprehensive agreement between partners on different aspects and practicalities of the double degree programme implementation; - Promotion towards more balanced student participation and two-way mobility; - Foreign language skills improvement for students and university staff; - Joint strategy and actions in marketing and quality assurance; - Involvement of international companies; - Wider usage of e-learning technology.
Resumo:
SStrong evidence suggests that the climate is changing and that these changes are largely caused by human activities. A consensus exists among researchers that human activity is causing global warming and that actions to mitigate global warming need to be taken swiftly. The transportation sector, which relies heavily on fossil fuel burning and primarily oil, is one of the big contributors to air pollution problems at local, regional and global levels. It is the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas emissions and is estimated to be responsible for nearly a quarter of global energyrelated carbon dioxide emissions. Car sharing is a mobility solution encouraging its users to decrease private car usage in favour of communal transit and environmental goals. The idea of car sharing originates from the aspiration to decrease personal car ownership and to reduce vehicle distance travelled. This thesis seeks to complement the understanding of Finnish car sharing users and their usage through better categorization. Through better categorization and segmentation of Finnish car sharing users the thesis seeks to provide information for improved marketing insight. Research is done on the demographic and behavioural characteristics of Finnish car sharing users and they are compared with international findings about the characteristics of International car sharing users. The main research problem is Are Finnish car sharing users similar to international ones? A theoretical research framework on the determinants of individual car sharing usage is built based on international research about demographic and behaviouristic characteristics. After this a quantitative survey is performed to the customers of a Finnish car sharing organization. The data analysed in the thesis consist out of 532 answers received from the car sharing organizations customers. The data is analysed with descriptive and other exploratory methods, which create an understanding of Finnish car sharing users. At the end of the analysis the demographic and behavioural characteristics of Finnish car sharing users are compared with international ones. The research findings of the thesis indicate that the demographic and behavioural characteristics of Finnish car sharing usage largely follow those of their international counterparts. Thanks to the thesis results the car sharing organization is able to better target their customers through improved marketing insight.
Resumo:
The purpose of this thesis is to explore a different kind of digital content management model and to propose a process in order to manage properly the content on an organizations website. This process also defines briefly the roles and responsibilities of the different actors implicated. In order to create this process, the thesis has been divided into two parts. First, the theoretical analysis helps to find the two main different content management models, content management adaptation and content management localization model. Each of these models, have been analyzed through a SWOT model in order to identify their particularities and which of them is the best option according to particular organizational objectives. In the empirical part, this thesis has measured the organizational website performance comparing two main data. On one hand, the international website is analyzed in order to identify the results of the content management standardization. On the other hand, content management adaptation, also called content management localization model, is analyzed by looking through the key measure of the Dutch page from the same organization. The resulted output is a process model for localization as well as recommendations on how to proceed when creating a digital content management strategy. However, more research is recommended to provide more comprehensive managerial solutions.
