Uuden tiedon hankinta ja hyödyntäminen organisaation innovaatioprosesseissa

Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia, miten uuden ja erityisesti tulevaisuuteen suuntautuvan tiedon hankintaa ja hyödyntämistä organisaatioiden innovaatioprosesseissa voidaan tarkastella ja jäsentää sekä kehittää avoimen innovaatioteorioiden pohjalta. Tulevaisuustiedon järjestelmällinen hyödyntäminen on yhä tärkeämmässä asemassa 2010-luvun organisaatioiden innovatiivisuuden ja kilpailukyvyn kannalta. Tämä on abstraktin luonteensa vuoksi erittäin haasteellista mutta teoriassa mahdollista, jos uuden tiedon liittämisestä organisaation käyttöön on tehty tärkeä ja selkeä osa koko organisaation strategiaa. Uuden tiedon tehokkaaseen käsittelemiseen ja siirtämiseen organisaatiossa tarvitaan suunnitelmallista ennakointitoimintaa, sosiaalisia sovittelumekanismeja ja rakentavaa yhteistyötä myös ulkopuolisten toimijoiden kanssa. Valitun teoriakehyksen pohjalta laadittiin yksinkertaistettu kyselytutkimus, johon oli liitetty absorptiiviseen kapasiteettiin, visionääriseen kyvykkyyteen, ennakointitoimintaan ja uuden tiedon käsittelyyn liittyviä käsitteitä. Kyselyn tarkoituksena oli myös tarjota organisaatiolle mahdollisuus tarkastella nykyistä tilaansa uuden tiedon monivaiheisen hyödyntämisen kannalta. Kyselytutkimus lähetettiin suomalaisille teollisuusyrityksille ja saatuja vastauksia käytettiin empiirisenä aineistona. Empiiristä aineistoa tarkasteltiin kvantitatiivisin menetelmän ja tuloksista saatiin hyödyllistä tietoa yritysten toiminnasta käytännöntasolta.

Modal testing and numerical modeling of the dynamic properties of layered sheet-steel structure

Recently, due to the increasing total construction and transportation cost and difficulties associated with handling massive structural components or assemblies, there has been increasing financial pressure to reduce structural weight. Furthermore, advances in material technology coupled with continuing advances in design tools and techniques have encouraged engineers to vary and combine materials, offering new opportunities to reduce the weight of mechanical structures. These new lower mass systems, however, are more susceptible to inherent imbalances, a weakness that can result in higher shock and harmonic resonances which leads to poor structural dynamic performances. The objective of this thesis is the modeling of layered sheet steel elements, to accurately predict dynamic performance. During the development of the layered sheet steel model, the numerical modeling approach, the Finite Element Analysis and the Experimental Modal Analysis are applied in building a modal model of the layered sheet steel elements. Furthermore, in view of getting a better understanding of the dynamic behavior of layered sheet steel, several binding methods have been studied to understand and demonstrate how a binding method affects the dynamic behavior of layered sheet steel elements when compared to single homogeneous steel plate. Based on the developed layered sheet steel model, the dynamic behavior of a lightweight wheel structure to be used as the structure for the stator of an outer rotor Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator designed for high-power wind turbines is studied.

Tapaustutkimus aineettoman pääoman merkityksestä puupolttoaineiden liiketoiminnassa

Tutkimuksessa selvitetään yhden puupolttoaineorganisaation aineettoman pääoman keskeisimmät tekijät ja niiden välinen dynamiikka laadullisilla tutkimusmenetelmillä. Selvityksen teoreettisen taustan muodostaa tietojohtamisen kirjallisuus, jonka perusteella tietopääoman tekijät on jaettu kolmeen ryhmään: inhimillisiin, rakenne- ja suhdetekijöihin. Puupolttoaineiden liiketoiminta perustuu yksinkertaisen raaka-aineen eli puun hankkimiseen ja toimittamiseen voimalaitoksille eri muodoissa. Liiketoiminnan kannattavuus ja yrityksen asema markkinoilla pohjaa pääosin aineettoman pääoman laaja-alaiseen hyödyntämiseen ja kehittämiseen. Tutkimuksen kohteena on suuren metsäteollisuusyrityksen puunhankintaorganisaatio ja sen puupolttoaineiden liiketoimintayksikkö, jonka arvonmuodostusta ja aineettoman pääoman tekijöitä tutkimuksessa analysoidaan. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että puupolttoaineiden liiketoiminnan kannattavuus perustuu henkilöstön vahvaan osaamiseen ja organisaation dynaamisiin johtamismalleihin, joilla voidaan vahvistaa aineettomien tekijöiden yhteisvaikutusta. Haasteena puupolttoainetoiminnassa on aineettoman pääoman tekijöiden suhteuttaminen nopeasti kehittyviin operatiivisiin toimintamalleihin sekä valtiollisiin tukimekanismeihin.

Cooperative strategy in emerging markets - analysis of interfirm r&d cooperation and performance in Russian manufacturing companies

Emerging markets have come to play a significant role in the world, not only due to their strong economic growth but because they have been able to foster an increasing number of innovative high technology oriented firms. However, as the markets continue to change and develop, there remain many companies in emerging markets that struggle with their competitiveness and innovativeness. To improve competitive capabilities, many scholars have come to favor interfirm cooperation, which is perceived to help companies access new knowledge and complementary resources and, by so doing, enables them to catch up quickly with Western competitors. Regardless of numerous attempts by strategic management scholars, the research field remains very fragmented and lacks understanding on how and when interfirm cooperation contributes to firm performance and competiveness in emerging markets. Furthermore, the reasons why interfirm R&D sometimes succeeds but fails at other times frequently remain unidentified. This thesis combines the extant literature on competitive and cooperative strategy, dynamic capabilities, and R&D cooperation while studying interfirm R&D relationships in and between Russian manufacturing companies. Employing primary survey data, the thesis presents numerous novel findings regarding the effect of R&D cooperation and different types of R&D partner on firms’ exploration and exploitation performance. Utilizing a competitive strategy framework enables these effects to be explained in more detail, and especially why interfirm cooperation, regardless of its potential, has had a modest effect on the general competitiveness of emerging market firms. This thesis contributes especially to the strategic management literature and presents a more holistic perspective on the usefulness of cooperative strategy in emerging markets. It provides a framework through which it is possible to assess the potential impacts of different R&D cooperation partners and to clarify the causal relationships between cooperation, performance, and long term competitiveness.

Strategisten reaalioptioiden tunnistamiskyky suomalaisissa pk-yrityksissä. Merkitys, haasteet, käytäntö.

Tämän Pro Gradu –tutkielman aiheena on strategisten reaalioptioiden tunnistamiskyky suomalaisissa pk-yrityksissä. Tunnistamiskykyä tutkitaan kolmen alakysymyksen kautta ja näiden myötä voidaan muodostaa näkemys tunnistamiskyvyn merkityksestä, haasteista ja käytännöstä. Tutkimusstrategiana on kvalitatiivinen tutkimus ja tutkimusmetodina puolistrukturoimaton haastattelu. Tutkimus suoritetaan ilman selkeitä ennakkohypoteeseja. Laajan viitekehyksen tutkimukselle antaa reaalioptioajattelun teoria. Tutkimuksessa johdetaan strategisten reaalioptioiden tunnistamiskyvyn määritelmä taustateoriaan pohjautuen. Empiiristen tutkimustulosten mukaan strategisten reaalioptioiden tunnistamiskyvyn käytäntö ja haasteet nivoutuvat kolmen laajan teeman sisään. Näitä teemoja ovat yritysjohdon jatkuva valppaus mielentilana, tunnistamiskyky asiakas-, verkosto- ja kumppanuussuhteissa sekä henkilöstön kompetenssien rakentaminen. Tutkimuksen myötä vahvistuu näkemys, jonka mukaan reaalioptioajattelun omaksuminen voi kehittää merkittävästi yritysjohdon strategista ajattelukykyä sekä koko yrityksessä vallitsevaa toimeenpanokykyä. Strategisten reaalioptioiden tunnistamiskyky on puolestaan reaalioptioajattelun yksi tärkeä osa-alue, koska sillä mitä päädymme tunnistamaan, on tyypillisesti kauaskantoiset seuraukset.

Dynamic Analysis Model of Spherical Roller Bearings with Defects

Rolling element bearings are essential components of rotating machinery. The spherical roller bearing (SRB) is one variant seeing increasing use, because it is self-aligning and can support high loads. It is becoming increasingly important to understand how the SRB responds dynamically under a variety of conditions. This doctoral dissertation introduces a computationally efficient, three-degree-of-freedom, SRB model that was developed to predict the transient dynamic behaviors of a rotor-SRB system. In the model, bearing forces and deflections were calculated as a function of contact deformation and bearing geometry parameters according to nonlinear Hertzian contact theory. The results reveal how some of the more important parameters; such as diametral clearance, the number of rollers, and osculation number; influence ultimate bearing performance. Distributed defects, such as the waviness of the inner and outer ring, and localized defects, such as inner and outer ring defects, are taken into consideration in the proposed model. Simulation results were verified with results obtained by applying the formula for the spherical roller bearing radial deflection and the commercial bearing analysis software. Following model verification, a numerical simulation was carried out successfully for a full rotor-bearing system to demonstrate the application of this newly developed SRB model in a typical real world analysis. Accuracy of the model was verified by comparing measured to predicted behaviors for equivalent systems.

Dynamic carbon dioxide liquidization model

In literature CO 2 liquidization is well studied with steady state modeling. Steady state modeling gives an overview of the process but it doesn’t give information about process behavior during transients. In this master’s thesis three dynamic models of CO2 liquidization were made and tested. Models were straight multi-stage compression model and two compression liquid pumping models, one with and one without cold energy recovery. Models were made with Apros software, models were also used to verify that Apros is capable to model phase changes and over critical state of CO 2. Models were verified against compressor manufacturer’s data and simulation results presented in literature. From the models made in this thesis, straight compression model was found to be the most energy efficient and fastest to react to transients. Also Apros was found to be capable tool for dynamic liquidization modeling.

Dynamic linkages of real estate and stock markets in Finland

Traditionally real estate has been seen as a good diversification tool for a stock portfolio due to the lower return and volatility characteristics of real estate investments. However, the diversification benefits of a multi-asset portfolio depend on how the different asset classes co-move in the short- and long-run. As the asset classes are affected by the same macroeconomic factors, interrelationships limiting the diversification benefits could exist. This master’s thesis aims to identify such dynamic linkages in the Finnish real estate and stock markets. The results are beneficial for portfolio optimization tasks as well as for policy-making. The real estate industry can be divided into direct and securitized markets. In this thesis the direct market is depicted by the Finnish housing market index. The securitized market is proxied by the Finnish all-sectors securitized real estate index and by a European residential Real Estate Investment Trust index. The stock market is depicted by OMX Helsinki Cap index. Several macroeconomic variables are incorporated as well. The methodology of this thesis is based on the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models. The long-run dynamic linkages are studied with Johansen’s cointegration tests and the short-run interrelationships are examined with Granger-causality tests. In addition, impulse response functions and forecast error variance decomposition analyses are used for robustness checks. The results show that long-run co-movement, or cointegration, did not exist between the housing and stock markets during the sample period. This indicates diversification benefits in the long-run. However, cointegration between the stock and securitized real estate markets was identified. This indicates limited diversification benefits and shows that the listed real estate market in Finland is not matured enough to be considered a separate market from the general stock market. Moreover, while securitized real estate was shown to cointegrate with the housing market in the long-run, the two markets are still too different in their characteristics to be used as substitutes in a multi-asset portfolio. This implies that the capital intensiveness of housing investments cannot be circumvented by investing in securitized real estate.

Contemporary marketing in the high-tech industry: Perceptions of Finnish IT marketing professionals

Over the last 30 years, new technologies and globalization have radically changed the way in which marketing is conducted. However, whereas their effects on business in general have been widely discussed, the focus of the effects on marketing remains without clear recognition. Global research has been made to shed light onto the issue, but it has widely concentrated on the views of executives as well as the consumer markets. In addition, a research gap is existent in applying the concept of marketing change in a specific business-to-business (B2B) industry. Therefore, the main research question this study seeks to answer is: “How is contemporary marketing conducted in the high-technology industry?” In this research, the researcher considers the specific industry of high-technology. However, as the industry is comprised of differing markets, the focus will be given to one of the industry’s prime sectors – the information technology (IT) markets, where companies offer other firms products or services manufactured with advanced technology. The growing IT-market is considered of critical importance in the economies of technologically ready countries such as Finland, where this research is also conducted. Through multiple case studies the researcher aims to describe how the changes in technology, customer engagement and future trends have shaped the way in which successful high-tech marketing is conducted in today’s marketplace. Then, results derived from the empirical research are presented to the reader with links to existing literature. As a conclusion, a generalized framework is constructed to depict and ideal marketer-customer relationship, with emphasis on dynamic, two-way communication and its supporting elements of customer analytics, change adaptation, strategic customer communication and organizational support. From a managerial point of view, the research may provide beneficial information as contemporary marketing can yield profitable outcomes if managed correctly. As a new way to grasp competitive advantage, strategic marketing is much more data-driven and customer-focused than ever before. The study can also prove to be relevant for the academic communities, while its results may act as inspiring for new focus on the education trends of future marketers. This study was limited to the internal activities done at the high-tech industry, leaving out the considerations for co-marketing, marketing via business partners or marketing at other B2B-industries.

Optimization of a dynamic district heating power plant

The purpose of this Thesis is to find the most optimal heat recovery solution for Wärtsilä’s dynamic district heating power plant considering Germany energy markets as in Germany government pays subsidies for CHP plants in order to increase its share of domestic power production to 25 % by 2020. Different heat recovery connections have been simulated dozens to be able to determine the most efficient heat recovery connections. The purpose is also to study feasibility of different heat recovery connections in the dynamic district heating power plant in the Germany markets thus taking into consideration the day ahead electricity prices, district heating network temperatures and CHP subsidies accordingly. The auxiliary cooling, dynamical operation and cost efficiency of the power plant is also investigated.

Russian and Eastern European Dynamic Conditional Correlations in light of the Russian crisis of 2014-2015

This thesis studies the impact of the latest Russian crisis on global markets, and especially Central and Eastern Europe. The results are compared to other shocks and crises over the last twenty years to see how significant they have been. The cointegration process of Central and Eastern European financial markets is also reviewed and updated. Using three separate conditional correlation GARCH models, the latest crisis is not found to have initiated similar surges in conditional correlations to previous crises over the last two decades. Market cointegration for Central and Eastern Europe is found to have stalled somewhat after initial correlation increases post EU accession.

Conceptualizing and counteracting the bullying dynamic: Classroom and school contexts matter

Guided by the social-ecological conceptualization of bullying, this thesis examines the implications of classroom and school contexts—that is, students’ shared microsystems—for peer-to-peer bullying and antibullying practices. Included are four original publications, three of which are empirical studies utilizing data from a large Finnish sample of students in the upper grade levels of elementary school. Both self- and peer reports of bullying and victimization are utilized, and the hierarchical nature of the data collected from students nested within school ecologies is accounted for by multilevel modeling techniques. The first objective of the thesis is to simultaneously examine risk factors for victimization at individual, classroom, and school levels (Study I). The second objective is to uncover the individual- and classroom-level working mechanisms of the KiVa antibullying program which has been shown to be effective in reducing bullying problems in Finnish schools (Study II). Thirdly, an overview of the extant literature on classroom- and school-level contributions to bullying and victimization is provided (Study III). Finally, attention is paid to the assessment of victimization and, more specifically, to how the classroom context influences the concordance between self- and peer reports of victimization (Study IV). Findings demonstrate the multiple ways in which contextual factors, and importantly students’ perceptions thereof, contribute to the bullying dynamic and efforts to counteract it. Whereas certain popular beliefs regarding the implications of classroom and school contexts do not receive support, the role of peer contextual factors and the significance of students’ perceptions of teachers’ attitudes toward bullying are highlighted. Directions for future research and school-based antibullying practices are suggested.