Digital Humanities For Everyone’s Benefit?: interplay in social media with the great audience, high-esteemed researcher and self-conscious library

The National Library of Finland realizes the Digitization Project of Kindred Languages in 2012–15. The project is financially supported by the Kone Foundation. During this project the National Library of Finland has digitized and made available approximately 1200 monograph and more than 100 newspaper titles in several Uralic languages. The materials are available to both researchers and citizens in the National Library’s Fenno-Ugrica collection. The project will produce digitized materials in the Uralic languages as well as their development tools to support linguistic research and citizen science. The resulting materials will constitute the largest resource for the Uralic languages in the world. Through this project, researchers will gain access to corpora which they have not been able to study before and to which all users will have open access regardless of their place of residence. In my presentation, I will discuss 1) how we utilized the social media (Facebook, Twitter, VKontakte etc) to gain audience for our collection and 2) how the needs of researchers and laymen were met in crowdsourcing.

Inviting the Audience – Interactive, Participatory, and Social Television in Finland

The television and the ways it has invited the audience to take part have been changing during the last decade. Today’s interaction, or rather participation, comes from multiplatform formats, such as TV spectacles that combine TV and web platforms in order to create a wider TV experience. Multiplatform phenomena have spread television consumption and traditional coffee table discussions to several different devices and environments. Television has become a part of the bigger puzzle of interconnected devices that operates on several platforms instead of just one. This thesis examines the Finnish television (2004–2014) through the notion of audience participation and introduces the technical, thematic, and social linkages as three different phases, interactive, participatory, social, and their most characteristic features in terms of audience participation. The aim of the study is also to focus on the idea of a possible change by addressing the possible and subtler variations that have taken place through the concept of digital television. Firstly, Finnish television history has gone through numerous trials, exploring the interactive potential of television formats. Finnish SMS-based iTV had its golden era around 2005, when nearly 50% of the television formats were to some extent interactive. Nowadays, interactive television formats have vanished due to their negative reputation and this important part of recent history is mainly been neglected in the academic scope. The dissertation focuses also on the present situation and the ways television content invites the audience to take part. “TV meets the Internet” is a global expression that characterises digital TV, and the use of the Web combined with television content is also examined. Also the linkages between television and social media are identified. Since television can nowadays be described multifaceted, the research approaches are also versatile. The research is based on qualitative content analysis, media observation, and Internet inquiry. The research material also varies. It consists of primary data: taped iTV formats, website material, and social media traces both from Twitter and Facebook and secondary data: discussion forums, observations from the media and Internet inquiry data. To sum up the results, the iTV phase represented, through its content, a new possibility for audiences to take part in a TV show (through gameful and textual features) in real-time. In participatory phase, the most characteristic features from TV-related content view, is the fact that online platform(s) were used to immerse the audience with additional material and, due to this, to extend the TV watching enjoyment beyond the actual broadcast. During the Social (media) phase, both of these features, real-timeness, and extended enjoyment through additional material, are combined and Facebook & Twitter, for example, are used to immerse people in live events (in real-time) via broadcast-related tweets and extra-material offered on a Facebook page. This thesis fills in the gap in Finnish television research by examining the rapid changes taken place on the field within the last ten years. The main results is that the development of Finnish digital television has been much more diverse and subtle than has been anticipated by following only the news, media, and contemporary discourses on the subject of television. The results will benefit both practitioners and academics by identifying the recent history of Finnish television.

eWOM communication in social media: A study of its antecedents in higher education context

The aim of this master’s thesis was to examine antecedents of eWOM communication in social media in the higher education context. In order to achieve this goal, eWOM communications of the students’ of international master’s programmes at Lappeenranta University of Technology were studied. The main research question was formulated as follows: What kind of effect do service-, brand-related antecedents, contextual antecedents and moderating factors have on LUT’s international master’s degree students’ eWOM communication in social media regarding their studies? The theory part of the master’s thesis was focused on the discussion of service- and brand related eWOM antecedents, contextual antecedents, as well as moderating relationships between them. The empirical part of the master’s thesis was based on quantitative research method. A web-based survey was carried out among current students of international master’s degree programmes at LUT. Out of 712 e-mail invitations sent, 159 responses were received in total. Thus, response rate was 22%. The results of the study showed that satisfaction, commitment, virtual brand community commitment, need for an advice, positive altruistic concerns, negative altruistic concerns, and attitude towards eWOM communications have an effect on eWOM in higher education context. Several moderating effects on eWOM were determined in the present study as well. On the other hand, it was found that dissatisfaction, loyalty, brand identification, desire to help the organization, need for positive self-enhancement, and social risk perception do not have an effect on eWOM in higher education context.

Tympanometry and Spectral Gradient Acoustic Reflectometry in the Diagnosis of Otitis Media in Young Children

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most prevalent bacterial infection among children. Tympanometry and spectral gradient acoustic reflectometry (SG-AR) are adjunctive diagnostic tools to pneumatic otoscopy. The aim was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy and success rates of tympanometry and SG-AR performed by physicians and nurses. The study populations comprised 515 (I-II), 281 (III), and 156 (IV) outpatients (6-35 months). Physicians performed 4246 tympanometric (I) and SG-AR (II) examinations. Nurses performed 1782 (III) and 753 (IV) examinations at symptomatic and asymptomatic visits, respectively. Pneumatic otoscopy by the physician was the diagnostic standard. The accuracy of test results by physicians or nurses (I-IV) and the proportion of visits with accurate exclusive test results from both ears (III-IV) were analyzed. Type B tympanogram and SG-AR level 5 (<49˚) predicted middle ear effusion (MEE). At asymptomatic visits, type A and C1 tympanograms (peak pressure > -200 daPa) and SG-AR level 1 (>95˚) indicated healthy middle ear. Negative predictive values of type A and C1 tympanograms by nurses in excluding AOM at symptomatic and MEE at asymptomatic visits were 94% and 95%, respectively. Nurses obtained type A or C1 tympanogram from both ears at 94/459 (20%) and 81/196 (41%) of symptomatic and asymptomatic visits, respectively. SG-AR level 1 was rarely obtained from both ears. Type A and C1 tympanograms were accurate in excluding AOM at symptomatic and MEE at asymptomatic visits. However, nurses obtained these tympanograms from both ears only at one fifth of symptomatic visits and less than half of asymptomatic visits.

De oblectatione et appetitu mentis, de fine in media translato

Invokaatio: D.F.G.

Digital content and making it viral in social media

Tutkimuksen tavoite on selvittää digitaalisen sisällön ominaisuuksia, jotka vaikuttavat ryhtyvätkö kuluttajat jakamaan, tykkäämään ja kommentoimaan sitä sosiaalisessa mediassa. Tällä pyritään auttamaan yrityksiä ymmärtämään paremmin viraalisuutta, jotta he pystyisivät tuottamaan ja julkaisemaan nettisivuillaan ja sosiaalisessa mediassa parempaa sisältöä, jota kuluttajat jakaisivat enemmän. Tutkimus toteutetaan muodostamalla hypoteeseja mahdollisista ominaisuuksista kirjallisuuden perusteella ja testaamalla niitä regressioanalyyseillä empiirisessä osiossa. Tulokset paljastavat yhdeksän piirrettä, jotka lisäävät viraalisuutta: kiinnostavuus, neutraalisuus, yllättävyys, viihdyttävyys, epäkäytännöllisyys, artikkelin ja Facebook julkaisun pituus, eri sisältö taktiikoiden käyttö (erityisesti blogit ja kuvat lisäävät viraalisuutta) sekä kun mielipidevaikuttaja tai kuuluisuus jakaa sisällön.

The Utilization of Chinese Social Media in Internationalization into China: Perspective of a Western Company

The purpose of this qualitative research is to analyze western-based companies’ social media usage in internationalization into China and to identify social media presence’ impact on the internationalization process. Additionally, the benefits and challenges a western company may face while using social media in China will be illustrated. Competitive advantages, knowledge, networks and relations, and costs and risks could be identified as the key antecedents for successful internationalization. A great social media presence could create a competitive advantage for a western company while competitive advantages may be communicated in social media marketing, knowledge and networks can be enhanced and utilized in internationalization via social media two-way communication. The biggest benefit for internationalization resulted from decreased marketing costs due to cost-effectiveness of social media. The results revealed that cost effective brand awareness was the main benefit from the social media usage in internationalization into China. However, companies struggled with the limited resources and despite of understanding the importance of Chinese social media, lacked sufficient resources for the social media operations. Companies should determine clear strategy and goals that they are willing to achieve via social media in internationalization process, and allocate required resources according to the social media strategy. Localization of the social media operations is important in China, and business-to-consumer companies tend to benefit more from the social media presence. Business-to-business companies may increase the brand’s credibility by successful Chinese social media operations.

Esimiesten muuttuvat osaamistarpeet media- ja kustannusalan murroksessa

Organisaatioiden toimintaympäristö on muuttunut ratkaisevasti ja muutos jatkuu. Muutok-sen kiihtyvä nopeus, asioiden epävarmuus ja kompleksisuus aiheuttavat uudenlaisia haas-teita työelämälle, osaamistarpeiden ennakoinnille ja tulevaisuuden suunnittelulle. Esi-miesosaaminen vaikuttaa merkittävästi siihen, miten hyvin organisaatioissa pystytään hyö-dyntämään sen muuta inhimillistä pääomaa ja tämä tutkimus osallistuu keskusteluun siitä, millä tavalla esimiesosaamisen tulisi kehittyä, jotta se pystyy vastaamaan käynnissä ole-vaan yhteiskunnalliseen, sosiaaliseen ja teknologiseen muutokseen. Tutkimuksen tavoit-teena on ennakoida digitaalisen murroksen keskellä olevan media- ja kustannusalan orga-nisaation esimiesosaamisessa tarvittavia muutoksia. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan laadullinen ja primääritutkimusaineisto koostuu kohdeorganisaatiossa esimiesten, toimitusjohtajan ja henkilöstöpäällikön haastatteluista. Tutkimuksen mukaan tulevaisuudessa tarvittavat esimiesosaamiset eivät merkittävästi eroa tämän päivän paradigman mukaisista osaamisista. Monien osaamisten merkitys kuitenkin korostuu. Esimiesten ja muiden työntekijöiden osaamisten nähdään lähestyvän toisiaan ja tulevaisuudessa rajat esimiesten ja tiimiläisten osaamistarpeiden välillä vähenevät entises-tään. Esimiestyössä monet osaamistarpeet, kuten esimerkiksi epävarmuuden sietokyky, kuitenkin korostuvat. Esimiehen merkittävänä tehtävänä nähdään jatkossa entistä vah-vemmin vastuunkantaminen työyhteisössä.