149 resultados para Media Politics


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Taking a realist view that law is one form of politics, this dissertation studies the roles of citizens and organizations in mobilizing the law to request government agencies to disclose environmental information in China, and during this process, how the socio-legal field interacts with the political-legal sphere, and what changes have been brought about during their interactions. This work takes a socio-legal approach and applies methodologies of social science and legal analysis. It aims to understand the paradox of why and how citizens and entities have been invoking the law to access environmental information despite the fact that various obstacles exist and the effectiveness of the new mechanism of environmental information disclosure still remains low. The study is largely based on the 28 cases and eight surveys of environmental information disclosure requests collected by the author. The cases and surveys analysed in this dissertation all occurred between May 2008, when the OGI Regulations and the OEI Measures came into effect, and August 2012 when the case collection was completed. The findings of this study have shown that by invoking the rules of law made by the authorities to demand government agencies disclosing environmental information, the public, including citizens, organizations, law firms, and the media, have strategically created a repercussive pressure upon the authorities to act according to the law. While it is a top-down process that has established the mechanism of open government information in China, it is indeed the bottom-up activism of the public that makes it work. Citizens and organizations’ use of legal tactics to push government agencies to disclose environmental information have formed not only an end of accessing the information but more a means of making government agencies accountable to their legal obligations. Law has thus played a pivotal role in enabling citizen participation in the political process. Against the current situation in China that political campaigns, or politicization, from general election to collective actions, especially contentious actions, are still restrained or even repressed by the government, legal mobilization, or judicialization, that citizens and organizations use legal tactics to demand their rights and push government agencies to enforce the law, become de facto an alternative of political participation. During this process, legal actions have helped to strengthen the civil society, make government agencies act according to law, push back the political boundaries, and induce changes in the relationship between the state and the public. In the field of environmental information disclosure, citizens and organizations have formed a bottom-up social activism, though limited in scope, using the language of law, creating progressive social, legal and political changes. This study emphasizes that it is partial and incomplete to understand China’s transition only from the top-down policy-making and government administration; it is also important to observe it from the bottom-up perspective that in a realistic view law can be part of politics and legal mobilization, even when utterly apolitical, can help to achieve political aims as well. This study of legal mobilization in the field of environmental information disclosure also helps us to better understand the function of law: law is not only a tool for the authorities to regulate and control, but inevitably also a weapon for the public to demand government agencies to work towards their obligations stipulated by the laws issued by themselves.

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Long-term independent budget travel to countries far away has become increasingly common over the last few decades, and backpacking has now entered the tourism mainstream. Nowadays, backpackers are a very important segment of the global travel market. Backpacking is a type of tourism that involves a lot of information search activities. The Internet has become a major source of information as well as a platform for tourism business transactions. It allows travelers to gain information very effortlessly and to learn about tourist destinations and products directly from other travelers in the form of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). Social media has penetrated and changed the backpacker market, as now modern travelers can stay connected to people at home, read online recommendations, and organize and book their trips very independently. In order to create a wider understanding on modern-day backpackers and their information search and share behavior in the Web 2.0 era, this thesis examined contemporary backpackers and their use of social media as an information and communication platform. In order to achieve this goal, three sub-objectives were identified: 1. to describe contemporary backpacker tourism 2. to examine contemporary backpackers’ travel information search and share behavior 3. to explore the impacts of new information and communications technologies and Web 2.0 on backpacker tourism The empirical data was gathered with an online survey, thus the method of analysis was mainly quantitative, and a qualitative method was used for a brief analysis of open questions. The research included both descriptive and analytical approaches, as the goal was to describe modern-day backpackers, and to examine possible interdependencies between information search and share behavior and background variables. The interdependencies were tested for statistical significance with the help of five research hypotheses. The results suggested that backpackers no longer fall under the original backpacker definitions described some decades ago. Now, they are mainly short-term travelers, whose trips resemble more those of mainstream tourists. They use communication technologies very actively, and particularly social media. Traditional information sources, mainly guide books and recommendations from friends, are of great importance to them but also eWOM sources are widely used in travel decision making. The use of each source varies according to the stage of the trip. All in all, Web 2.0 and new ICTs have transformed the backpacker tourism industry in many ways. Although the experience has become less authentic in some travelers’ eyes, the backpacker culture is still recognizable.

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Työhyvinvointi työpaikoilla on Työterveyslaitoksen vuonna 2008 tekemän tutkimuksen mukaan heikentynyt ja tästä kertyvät kustannukset yhteiskunnalle ovat 24 miljardin euron vuodessa. Yritykset ovat pyrkineet vastaamaan tähän haasteeseen muun muassa jaetun johtajuuden keinoin ja panostamalla työntekijöiden työhyvinvointiin. Koska tästä työhyvinvoinnin laskusta koituvat kustannukset heikentävät yritysten kannattavuutta, on tätä asiaa syytä tutkia tarkemmin. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää jaetun johtajuuden ja työhyvinvoinnin välistä yhteyttä pelialan ja TV-tuotantoyrityksissä. Lisäksi pyritään löytämään uusia työhyvinvointia ja jaettua johtajuutta linkittäviä tekijöitä. Tutkimus tehtiin laadullisena tutkimuksena haastattelemalla pelialalla ja TV-tuotantoyrityksissä työskenteleviä ihmisiä, heidän kokemuksiaan työhyvinvoinnista ja jaetusta johtajuudesta. Aiemmista työhyvinvoinnin tutkimuksista nostettiin esille neljä tutkijaa, joiden johtopäätökset olivat ydinviestiltään hyvin yhteneväisiä. Jaetun johtajuuden merkitys aiemman tutkimuksen valossa tiivistyi yksilön huomioonottamiseen ja hänen vahvuuksiensa hyödyntämiseen. Verrattaessa työhyvinvoinnin ja jaetun johtajuuden tutkimusten tuloksia, havaittiin niillä olevan useita yhteisiä tekijöitä. Haastatteluaineistoa lähestyttiin analyysissä induktiivisesti grounded teorian pohjalta koodaamalla ja luokittelemalla haastatteluaineistoa yläkategorioiksi, tiettyä asiakokonaisuutta koskeviksi kuvauksiksi. Näiden yläkategorioiden välisistä sidoksista muodostetusta käsitekartasta etsittiin selittäviä sidoksia jaetun johtajuuden ja työhyvinvoinnin välisille yhteyksille. Merkittävimpinä yläkategorioina käsitekartasta olivat liiketoiminta, motivaatio ja ihmissuhteet. Näissä kiteytyvät jaetun johtajuuden ja työhyvinvoinnin välisen yhteyden ydinsanoma; menestyvä liiketoiminta tarvitsee motivoituneen henkilöstön, jonka ihmissuhteet ovat hyvässä kunnossa. Uutena tekijänä tutkimuksessa löydettiin organisaation sisäisen ja ulkoisen vapauden positiivinen vaikutus jaetulle johtajuudelle ja työhyvinvoinnille. Johtopäätöksenä tutkimuksesta saatiin johtamisen ja työhyvinvoinnin positiivinen sykli, jossa sosiaalisessa prosessissa yrityksen työntekijöiden luomat arvot ohjaavat niitä tavoitteita, joihin yritys pyrkii. Tämä motivoi työntekijöitä toteuttamaan näitä tavoitteita sekä kehittämään itseään ja ihmissuhteitaan. Työntekijöiden osallistuminen sosiaaliseen prosessiin sitoutuneisuutta heitä yrityksen liiketoimintaprosessiin. Liiketoimintaprosessista saatava palaute muokkaa edelleen yrityksen arvoja ja näin sykli käynnistyy uudelleen. Vapaus oli haastatelluissa yrityksissä tyypillinen uusi välittävä tekijä jaetun johtajuuden ja työhyvinvoinnin välillä.

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Social media is very current topic in today’s society and organisations. In the times of economic challenges, companies are looking for efficient ways to resource workforce. In addition, there is competition of competent workforce in employment markets. Employer image plays important role in recruitment as people seek to organisations they find interesting and have a reputation as a good employer. This study concerns the discussion on utilising social media in recruitment and employer image in a corporate enterprise. I will find solutions how to utilize social media in recruitment, in which channels and methods that can be done and what these actions require from a company doing social recruitment. I bring up the discussion and challenges that relate to starting to take social media into use in an organization overall and in recruitment. The qualitative material has been gathered with interviews of eighteen persons and the material available about the topic in the enterprise intranet. According to the study, social media is seen both as an opportunity to reach large amount of people quickly and cost-efficiently, but then again it brings news aspects for controlling the employer image and communication towards the audience. Taking social media into use as part of recruiters and managers daily work requires both finding the right channels and attention to the internal communication culture and resourcing. Social recruitment requires a strategy and a proper plan to be able to work in a company. There are several social media channels that enable to reach people, but they don’t do the social recruitment alone.

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Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

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Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

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Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

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Vastine Lotta Kähkösen, Mona Mannevuon ja Mari Pajalan keskustelupuheenvuoroon "Televisiomaksu paljastaa yhteiskuntaluokan? : luokan tutkimuksen metodologisia haasteita", joka ilmestyi Sosiologia-lehdessä 4/2012.

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The primary purpose of this research is to develop an enhanced understanding of how consumption values influence environmentally responsible consumption of print and digital media. Theoretical elaboration considers the associations of functional, social and emotional consumption values, green consumer segmentation and media consumption. Additionally, the purpose is to identify consumer perceptions of print and digital media’s environmental responsibility. Empirical analysis was based on qualitative interviews with a sample of 20 Finnish consumers categorized in two segments: young adults and middle aged consumers. Primary data collection was conducted through individual, semi-structured interviews. To analyze the respondents’ approach on the topic, the interviews disclosed themes of media consumption, perceived environmental friendliness of media, norms of behavior and consumers’ general consumption patterns. The results implicate functional value dominated the consumption decision-making process both in a general level and in media consumption. In addition to functional value, environmental responsibility does provide consumers with both emotional and social values. Analysis on perceived environmental responsibility of media demonstrated consumers generally perceive digital media as an environmentally responsible alternative because it does not create physical paper waste. Nevertheless, the perceptions of environmental responsibility and media consumption patterns lacked a consistent connection. Though, both theory and empirical results indicated an average consumer lacks a comprehensive understanding of digital and print media’s life-cycle and hence their environmental advantages and disadvantages.

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In 2006 UPM was able to gain a level of social legitimacy that allowed it to carry out one of the largest industrial restructuring programmes in Finnish industrial history, shut down major operations in Finland and still appear to be functioning in the interests of the nation as well as itself. This study considers and examines various contexts of this shutdown with the aim of demonstrating how profoundly mediated such organizational events are though they appear to be produced primarily through strategic company decisions. The study aims to examine the processes of mediation at two levels. At one level, through close analysis of press releases and newspaper reports in local and national newspapers, the study presents a discursive analysis of the Voikkaa case. The discursive analysis focuses on providing historical contexts for understanding why this organizational event was also an occasion for reimagining the past and future of the Finnish nation; spatial contexts for understanding the differing struggles over the meaning of the event nationally and regionally; and the temporal dynamics of the media reports. At another level, the study considers and refines methods for reading and analyzing mediation in organization studies. Bringing together recent research of media text–based legitimation studies, emerging research on organizational memory and organizational death and a Foucaultian analytics of power, this work suggests that organizational research needs to be less concerned with particular typologies and narratives of shutdowns, and more curious about the processes of mediation through which organizational events are imagined and remembered.

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Tämä kandidaatintutkielma käsittelee sosiaalisen median markkinointia ja sisältöstrategiaa osana B2B-yrityksen markkinointiviestintää. Case-yrityksenä toimineen Maestron kanssa toteutettiin tutkimus, jossa pyrittiin selvittämään suomalaisen yritysjohdon tapoja käyttää sosiaalista mediaa ja kuluttaa sisältöjä. Tulosten perusteella pystyttiin selvittämään kohderyhmälle soveltuvimmat sisältötyypit ja kanavat, sekä tarkastelemaan valittujen markkinointiviestinnän muotojen soveltumista B2B-ympäristöön.