Responding to Changing Student Demographics in Finland: A Study of Teachers’ Developing Cultural Competence

The aim of this dissertation was to examine the skills and knowledge that pre-service teachers and teachers have and need about working with multilingual and multicultural students from immigrant backgrounds. The specific goals were to identify pre-service teachers’ and practising teachers’ current knowledge and awareness of culturally and linguistically responsive teaching, identify a profile of their strengths and needs, and devise appropriate professional development support and ways to prepare teachers to become equitable culturally responsive practitioners. To investigate these issues, the dissertation reports on six original empirical studies within two groups of teachers: international pre-service teacher education students from over 25 different countries as well as pre-service and practising Finnish teachers. The international pre-service teacher sample consisted of (n = 38, study I; and n = 45, studies II-IV) and the pre-service and practising Finnish teachers sample encompassed (n = 89, study V; and n = 380, study VI). The data used were multi-source including both qualitative (students’ written work from the course including journals, final reflections, pre- and post-definition of key terms, as well as course evaluation and focus group transcripts) and quantitative (multi-item questionnaires with open-ended options), which enhanced the credibility of the findings resulting in the triangulation of data. Cluster analytic procedures, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and qualitative analyses mostly Constant Comparative Approach were used to understand pre-service teachers’ and practising teachers’ developing cultural understandings. The results revealed that the mainly white / mainstream teacher candidates in teacher education programmes bring limited background experiences, prior socialisation, and skills about diversity. Taking a multicultural education course where identity development was a focus, positively influenced teacher candidates’ knowledge and attitudes toward diversity. The results revealed approaches and strategies that matter most in preparing teachers for culturally responsive teaching, including but not exclusively, small group activities and discussions, critical reflection, and field immersion. This suggests that there are already some tools to address the need for the support needed to teach successfully a diversity of pupils and provide in-service training for those already practising the teaching profession. The results provide insight into aspects of teachers’ knowledge about both the linguistic and cultural needs of their students, as well as what constitutes a repertoire of approaches and strategies to assure students’ academic success. Teachers’ knowledge of diversity can be categorised into sound awareness, average awareness, and low awareness. Knowledge of diversity was important in teachers’ abilities to use students’ language and culture to enhance acquisition of academic content, work effectively with multilingual learners’ parents/guardians, learn about the cultural backgrounds of multilingual learners, link multilingual learners’ prior knowledge and experience to instruction, and modify classroom instruction for multilingual learners. These findings support the development of a competency based model and can be used to frame the studies of pre-service teachers, as well as the professional development of practising teachers in increasingly diverse contexts. The present set of studies take on new significance in the current context of increasing waves of migration to Europe in general and Finland in particular. They suggest that teacher education programmes can equip teachers with the necessary attitudes, skills, and knowledge to enable them work effectively with students from different ethnic and language backgrounds as they enter the teaching profession. The findings also help to refine the tools and approaches to measuring the competencies of teachers teaching in mainstream classrooms and candidates in preparation.

Review of investment strategy, portfolio management, and scorecard based portfolio selection tool for direct property investments in Finland

The lack of research of private real estate is a well-known problem. Earlier studies have mostly concentrated on the USA or the UK. Therefore, this master thesis offers more information about the performance and risk associated with private real estate investments in Nordic countries, but especially in Finland. The structure of this master thesis is divided into two independent sections based on the research questions. In first section, database analysis is performed to assess risk-return ratio of direct real estate investment for Nordic countries. Risk-return ratios are also assessed for different property sectors and economic regions. Finally, review of diversification strategies based on property sectors and economic regions is performed. However, standard deviation itself is not usually sufficient method to evaluate riskiness of private real estate. There is demand for more explicit assessment of property risk. One solution is property risk scoring. In second section risk scorecard based tool is built to make different real estate comparable in terms of risk. In order to do this, nine real estate professionals were interviewed to enhance the structure of theory-based risk scorecard and to assess weights for different risk factors.

Finska kyrkor i svenska församlingar – den finskspråkiga minoriteten i Nyland och Egentliga Finland ca 1721–1850

Artikel i festskrift.

Markkinaa muuttavan terveysteknologiainnovaation omaksumispäätökseen vaikuttavat tekijät - CASE Icare Finland Oy

Terveysteknologia vastaa alana terveydenhuollon kuluhaasteisiin, jotka ovat syntyneet populaation kasvun ja elintasosairauksien yleistymisen myötä. Terveysteknologiainnovaatioiden voidaan nähdä tarjoavan ratkaisuja keskeisiin kansantaloudellisiin ongelmiin, joita valtiot kohtaavat tänä päivänä edellä mainittujen haasteiden edessä. Yleisesti terveydenhuoltoon liittyvät innovaatiot ovat olleet pitkien tuotekehitysprosessien aikaansaamia kansantaloudellisesti merkityksellisiä, mutta kalliita innovaatioita. Nyttemmin terveysteknologiainnovaatiot voivat olla luonteeltaan markkinaa muuttavia siten, että ne mahdollistavat edullisemman ja tehokkaamman hoidon samaan aikaan. Näitä innovaatioita ei ole kuitenkaan tutkittu tieteellisellä tasolla kovinkaan laajasti ja tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on täyttää tutkimusaukkoa, joka on syntynyt teknologian kehityksen tuloksena. Laajan teoreettisen katsauksen, kvalitatiivisen esitutkimuksen ja kvantitatiivisen kyselytutkimuksen avulla syvennyttiin terveydenhuollon alaan ja luotiin malli, jonka avulla voidaan mitata terveysteknologiainnovaation omaksumispäätökseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli valittujen metodien avulla kartoittaa markkinaa muuttavan terveysteknologiainnovaation omaksumispäätökseen vaikuttavat tekijät ja selvittää innovaation omaksujien näkemys näiden tekijöiden vaikutuksesta innovaation omaksumispäätökseen Euroopan markkinalla. Tutkimus valotti innovaation omaksumispäätökseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä silmälääkärien näkökulmasta. Yllättäen tuloksista kävi ilmi, että luonteeltaan markkinaa muuttava innovaatio koettiin kohderyhmässä paremmaksi hoitomenetelmäksi kuin alalla vakiintuneet perinteiset hoitomenetelmät. Teorian ja esitutkimuksen avulla kootusta tekijäluokittelusta, joka koostui neljästä pääluokasta (innovaatioon liittyvät tekijät, ulkoiset tekijät, organisatoriset tekijät ja sisäiset tekijät) keskeisimmiksi tekijöiksi omaksumispäätöksen todennäköisyyden kannalta nousi kuusi tekijää. Ne olivat: verkoston ulkoisvaikutukset, organisaation innovatiivisuus, organisatoriset fasilitaattorit, sosiaaliset vaikutteet, asenne innovaatiota kohtaan ja henkilökohtainen innovatiivisuus. Tarkastelemalla keskeisten tekijöiden sisältöä ja analysoimalla tuloksia vasten aiempaa tutkimusta ja esitutkimuksen olettamuksia, voidaan tuloksista päätellä, että markkinaa muuttavan terveysteknologiainnovaation kannalta innovaatiota kaupallistavan yrityksen tulee keskittyä ulkoisiin, organisatorisiin ja sisäisiin tekijöihin. Kaiken voidaan kuitenkin nähdä lähtevän omaksujien positiivisesta asenteesta innovaatiota kohtaan, joka vaikutti tuloksienkin perusteella

Same nolmay catechesis, thet är, wår christeligha hufwud stycken, eller troos articklar medh s.d. Luth. förklarning vppå lappespråk förwendt och aff then edle och wälborne herre, her Johan Skytte, frijherre til Duderoff, herre til Grönsöö, strömsrŭ och Elffwesiö, riddare, Sweriges rijkes rådh och general gubernator i Liffland och Ingermanneland, laghman öffuer Norre Finland, sampt Vbsala Academiae cantzler, etc. Bestelt til at tryckias medh eghen omkostnadt. Procurante, O. P. N

Arkit: A-B8 C4.

Förteckning öfver framlidne professorens i folk- och statsrätten samt national-oeconomien vid Kejserliga Alexanders Universitetet i Finland, och riddaren af Kejserl. S:t Annae Ordens andra class, d:r Daniel Myreens efterlemnade boksamling, som kommer att genom offentlig auction försäljas i Helsingfors i början af october månad 1832

Imprimatur: C. E. Ekelund.

Marks of Fire, Value and Faith. Swords with Ferrous Inlays in Finland during the Late Iron Age (ca. 700–1200 AD)

This study explores swords with ferrous inlays found in Finland and dating from the late Iron Age, ca. 700–1200 AD. These swords reflect profound changes not only in styles and fashion but also in the technology of hilts and blades. This study explores how many of these kinds of swords are known from Finland, how they were made and where, what their status was in Late Iron Age Finland, and where the Finnish finds stand in accordance with other areas of Europe. The various methods included measuring of the finds and statistics. The main method of revealing the inlaid marks was radiography due to its non-destructive nature. In cases where inlays were visible without radiography, their details were inspected via microscopy. To study the materials and manufacture of inlaid swords, a sample of them was metallographically analysed to determine the forging technologies and nature of used materials. Furthermore, the manufacture was also studied with experimental approaches. As a result, a catalogue of 151 swords with ferrous inlays was created. This number is relatively high compared with other European countries, although systematic studies have been conducted in only some countries. The inlaid motifs were classified into five distinct categories to help the classification. To summarize, almost every documented inlaid sword was unique in some respect including measurements, inlaid motifs and materials of blades and inlays. Technological variation was also present, some blades being poorer and some of higher quality in spite of the inlaid motifs. Misspelt inscriptions as well as letter-like marks were common in Finland and also in Scandinavia. Furthermore, the provenance of iron and steel used in some blades hints at Scandinavian ores. The above observations, along with the experimental results indicating the existence of multiple alternative techniques of inlaying, suggest that these swords were manufactured locally in Scandinavia, most likely in imitation of Continental European models. Inlaid swords were valued partly for their assumed functionality in combat, as evidenced by damage on some examined blades, or they were valued for their inlays, which could have had fashionable or symbolical meanings bound to local beliefs.

Social-business tensions and their management in social enterprise: evidence from Finland.

This thesis aims to provide insight into the social-business tensions the social enterprises face in their operation and how they manage them. The social-business tensions are examined from four theoretical perspectives using triangulation approach. The theoretical lenses chosen are organizational identity, stakeholder theory, paradox theory and institutional theory. The theories aim to clarify, how the tensions are formed, how they appear and how they are managed in social enterprises. One viewpoint of this thesis is to examine the competence of these theories in explaining the social-business tensions in practise. The qualitative data was collected by interviewing persons from the management of two social enterprises. The empirical evidence of this thesis suggests that the appearing of social-business tensions varies between the social enterprises and they can be seen both as an advantage and as a challenge. Most of the social-business tensions arise from the enterprise’s multiple incoherent objectives, their stakeholders’ various demands and the differing understanding of the company’s central operation among the members of the organization. According to this thesis, the theories of organizational identity, stakeholder, paradox and institution are all able to provide unique insight into the identification and management of the social-business tensions. However, the paradox theory turned out to be the most abstract of the theories and thus being the farthest from the practise.

Finland's security in a changing Europe : a historical perspective

Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College.

Future operational-tactical level warfare : challenges and opportunities for the defence of Finland

Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College.

Towards east or west? : Defence planning in Finland 1944-1966

Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence University, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the University. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence University.

Critical elements underpinning the emergence of the medical game ecosystem: gamifying traumatic brain injury rehabilitation in Finland

The healthcare sector is currently in the verge of a reform and thus, the medical game research provide an interesting area of research. The aim of this study is to explore the critical elements underpinning the emergence of the medical game ecosystem with three sub-objectives: (1) to seek who are the key actors involved in the medical game ecosystem and identify their needs, (2) to scrutinise what types of resources are required in medical game development and what types of relationships are needed to secure those resources, and (3) to identify the existing institutions (‘the rules of the game’) affecting the emergence of the medical game ecosystem. The theoretical background consists of service ecosystems literature. The empirical study conducted is based on the semi-structured theme interviews of 25 experts in three relevant fields: games and technology, health and funding. The data was analysed through a theoretical framework that was designed based upon service ecosystems literature. The study proposes that the key actors are divided into five groups: medical game companies, customers, funders, regulatory parties and complementors. Their needs are linked to improving patient motivation and enhancing the healthcare processes resulting in lower costs. Several types of resources, especially skills and knowledge, are required to create a medical game. To gain access to those resources, medical game companies need to build complex networks of relationships. Proficiency in managing those value networks is crucial. In addition, the company should take into account the underlying institutions in the healthcare sector affecting the medical game ecosystem. Three crucial institutions were identified: validation, lack of innovation supporting structures in healthcare and the rising consumerisation. Based on the findings, medical games cannot be made in isolation. A developmental trajectory model of the emerging medical game ecosystem was created based on the empirical data. The relevancy of relationships and resources is dependent on the trajectory that the medical game company at that time resides. Furthermore, creating an official and documented database for clinically valdated medical games was proposed to establish the medical game market and ensure an adequate status for the effective medical games. Finally, ecosystems approach provides interesting future opportunities for research on medical game ecosystems.