Från plåtpolis till livräddare : Behovsanalys för automatisk trafiksäkerhetskontroll 2011 – 2015

I det här arbetet utformades en utvecklings- och investeringsplan för automatisk trafiksäkerhetsövervakning för åren 2011-2015 för landsvägsnätet i Egentliga Finland och Satakunta. Planen innehåller analys av den nuvarande verksamhetsmodellen och förslag hur verksamhetsmodellen kunde förbättras samt förslag om vilka vägavsnitt som ska få automatisk övervakning och vilka projekt som ska prioriteras under åren 2011-2015. Vidare beskrivs i planen den automatiska övervakningsteknik och verksamhetsmodell som används i Sverige samt åtgärdsförslag för att öka den automatiska trafikövervakningens acceptans. Den nuvarande verksamhetsmodellen och behovet av att utveckla den automatiska trafikövervakningen har utvärderats på basis av intervjuer med experter. Experterna ansåg att den nuvarande verksamhetsmodellen i huvudsak är funktionell och effektiv, eftersom man med relativt små kostnader har uppnått effektiva resultat. Den automatiska trafikövervakningen måste dock fortfarande utvecklas och Sveriges verksamhetsmodell ansågs vara en bra förebild och ett gott exempel. De viktigaste utvecklingsområdena ansågs vara utveckling av tekniken, snabbare informationsbehandling och automatisering, vilket skulle öka polisens resurser att verkställa övervakningen. Vägavsnitten som ska få automatisk övervakning under åren 2011-2015 prioriterades främst på basis av olycksfrekvens, antal olyckor, Tarva-beräkningsresultat, hastighetsdata och trafikmängder. Av olycksstatistiken har man främst uppmärksammat personskadeolyckor. Tarva-beräkningarna användes också för att utvärdera den automatiska trafikövervakningens inverkan och effektivitet. Enligt de intervjuade experterna är öppenhet kring övervakningen, synlig övervakningsapparatur och kontinuerlig informationsförmedling bland de viktigaste sätten att öka acceptansen. Genom att informera för man fram systemets fördelar och dess betydelse för trafiksäkerheten. Att förändra övervakningskamerans varumärke till säkerhetskamera enligt Sveriges modell ansågs även vara bra. I detta arbete presenteras en plan för att utveckla acceptansen för automatisk trafiksäkerhetsövervakning.

Five Baltic Ports Togehter: Forecasts, Trends and Recommendations

The ports of Stockholm, Tallinn, Helsinki, Naantali and Turku play key roles in making the Central Baltic region accessible. Effective, competitive, eco-friendly and safe port procedures and solutions for the transportation of goods are of major importance for trade in the Baltic Sea region. This report presents the most essential results and recommendations of the PENTA project, which focused on how ports could better comprehend and face current and future challenges facing carriage of goods by sea. Each of the four work packages (WPs) of the PENTA project analysed the changes from a different perspective. WP2 focused on traffic flows between the PENTA ports. Its main emphasis was on the ports, shipowners, and logistics companies that are the key parties in freight transport and on the changes affecting the economy of those ports. In WP3 noise as an environmental challenge for ports was investigated and the analysis also shed light on the relationship between the port and the city. In WP4 procedures related to safety, security and administrative procedures were researched. The main emphasis was on identifying the requirements for the harmonisation of those procedures. Collaboration is highlighted throughout this report. In order to prepare for the future, it was found that ports need to respond to growing competition, increasing costs and shifts in customer demand by strengthening their existing partnerships with other actors in the maritime cluster. Cargo and passenger transport are the main sources of income for most ports. Cargo traffic between the PENTA ports is expected to grow steadily in the future and the outlook for passenger traffic is positive. However, to prepare for the future, ports should not only secure the core activities which generate revenue but also seek alternative ways to make profit. In order to gain more transit traffic, it is suggested that ports conduct a more thorough study of the future requirements for doing business with Russia. The investigation of noise at ports revealed two specific dilemmas that ports cannot solve alone. Firstly, the noise made by vessels and, secondly, the relationship between the port and the surrounding city. Vessels are the most important single noise source in the PENTA ports and also one of the hardest noise sources to handle. Nevertheless, port authorities in Finland and Sweden are held responsible for all noise in the port area, including noise produced by vessels, which is noise the port authority can only influence indirectly. Building housing by waterfront areas close to ports may also initiate disagreements because inhabitants may want quiet areas, whereas port activities always produce some noise from their traffic. The qualitative aspects of the noise question, cooperating with the stakeholders and the communicating of issues related to noise are just as important. We propose that ports should follow the logic of continuous improvement in their noise management. The administrative barriers discussed in this report are mainly caused by differences in international and national legislation, variations in the customs procedures of each country, the incompatibility of the IT systems used in maritime transport, noncompliance with regulations regarding dangerous goods, and difficulties in applying Schengen regulations to vessels from non-EU countries. Improving the situation is out of the hands of the ports to do alone and requires joint action on a variety of levels, including the EU, national authorities and across administrative borders.

Use of fiber-reinforced composite framework and thermochromic pigment in maxillofacial prostheses

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the possibility to enhance certain qualities of facial prostheses. Polymethyl methacrylate is still being used as base mate¬rial or clip carrier material, but it is hard and heavy, and debonding of the silicone from the acrylic base material is a frequent problem. This thesis aims to evaluate the use of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) as framework material for maxillofacial silicone prostheses. FRC has been used as reinforcement in removable and fixed partial dentures since the 1990s. This material is lightweight and can be fabricated to compress the margins of the prosthesis slightly, to keep it tightly against the skin during jaw movements and facial expressions. Additionally, the use of a thermochromic pigment, colorless in room temperature and red in a cold environment, was studied in order to evaluate the possibility of using this color changing pigment in facial prostheses to mimic the color change of facial skin in cold weather. The tensile bond strength between pre-impregnated, unidirectional FRC and maxillofacial silicone elastomer was studied. Three different bonding agents or primers were compared. Bond strength was improved by one of the primers and by roughening the surface. The effect of a skin compressing glass fiber-reinforced composite framework on facial skin blood flow was studied by using a face mask, constructed with a compression pad corresponding to the outer margin of a glass fiber-reinforced framework beam of a facial prosthesis. The skin blood flow of ten healthy volunteers, aged 23-25 years, was measured during touch, light, and moderate compression of the skin, by using laser Doppler imaging technique. None of the compressions showed any marked effects on local skin blood flow. There were no significant differences between blood flow during compression and at baseline. Maxillofacial silicone elastomer was colored intrinsically with conventional color pigments: a control group containing only conventional pigments was compared to two test groups with 0.2 wt% and 0.6 wt% thermochromic pigment added. The color of the material was measured with a spectrophotometer in room temperature and after storage in a freezer. The color stability of the maxillofacial silicone elastomer colored with thermo¬chromic pigment was evaluated by artificial aging. The color dif¬ference of the L* (lightness) and a* values (redness), comparing color after the samples were stored at room temperature and in a freezer (-19°C), was statistically significant for both 0.2 wt% and 0.6 wt% thermo¬chromic pigment groups. The differences in the b* values (yellowness) were statistically significant for the 0.6 wt% group. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation led to visually noticeable and statistically signifi¬cant color changes (ΔE) in all color values in both test groups. The specimens containing thermochromic pigment were very sensitive to UV radiation. In conclusion, a framework of fiber-reinforced composite can successfully be bonded to maxillofacial silicone elastomer, and a framework beam, compressing the facial skin, did not remarkably alter the skin blood flow on healthy, young adults. The thermochromic pigment showed color change in maxillofacial silicone elastomer. However, artificial aging showed that it was too sensitive to UV radiation to be used, as such, in maxillofacial prostheses.

Vapaaehtoiset vesienhoidon organisaatiot Toimintamallianalyysi 2012

Euroopan Unionin vesipolitiikan puitedirektiivin mukaan vesistöjen tulee saavuttaa hyvä ekologinen tila. Vesienhoidon toteuttamisen tueksi ELY-keskukset ovat laatineet vesienhoitosuunnitelmat ja niiden osana alueelliset toimenpideohjelmat, joiden tavoitteena on vähentää vesien kuormitusta ja toteuttaa kunnostuksia. Toimenpiteille ei ole määritelty lakisääteistä toteuttajaa, joten on keskeistä, että vesistöalueiden kaikki intressitahot sitoutuvat vesienhoidon toteutukseen. Yksittäisiä paikallisia kunnostus- tai hoitotoimia voidaan tehdä asukkaiden ja maanomistajien omin voimin, mutta useimmiten toimenpiteet ovat tehokkaampia organisoidulla yhteistyöllä, ja samalla taataan hoidon ja seurannan jatkuvuus. Järjestäytyminen yhdistykseksi tai muuksi organisaatioksi ei saa kuitenkaan olla itsetarkoitus, eikä organisaation ylläpito saa muodostua hoitotoimintaa suuremmaksi työksi, vaan organisoitumisen tapa ja laajuus on syytä valita toiminnan mukaan. Tällä toimintamallianalyysilla on pyritty selvittämään erilaisia vapaaehtoisen toiminnan malleja ja tekemään vapaaehtoisen organisoitumisen tueksi raportti niiden soveltuvuudesta erilaisiin vesienhoidon tarpeisiin. Analyysia varten selvitettiin olemassa olevia vesistöalan toimijoita ja sitä, millaisia hallintomalleja organisaatioilla on käytössään. Haastatteluilla kartoitettiin organisaatioiden syntyhistoriaa, hallintomallin valintaan vaikuttaneita tekijöitä sekä organisaatioiden toimintatapoja. Haastattelujen pohjalta tarkasteltiin hallinto- ja toimintamallien soveltuvuutta erilaisiin tarpeisiin ja käytännön kokemusten perusteella pyrittiin hahmottamaan toimintamallien vahvuuksia ja heikkouksia. Analyysin perusteella on tarkasteltu Lounais-Suomen vesistöjen organisoitumisen tilaa ja pyritty löytämään mahdollisia jatkotoimenpide-ehdotuksia. Toimintamallianalyysi on osa Karvianjoen kunnostusohjelma 2007–2015 -koordinaatiohanketta, jota rahoitti Manner-Suomen maaseudun kehittämisohjelma. Lisäksi raportin toteutusta on rahoittanut Varsinais-Suomen ELY-keskuksen VELHO-hanke (Vesien- ja luonnonhoidon alueellinen ja paikallinen toteuttaminen Lounais-Suomen vesistöalueilla), jota rahoitetaan myös Manner-Suomen maaseudun kehittämisohjelmasta. Toimintamallianalyysin toteutusta hallinnoi Varsinais-Suomen ELY-keskus.

Kristnas svåra situation i Mellanöstern

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Oivallinen ohjenuora tutkijoille ja toimittajille

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Prosessifilosofiaa sosiologeille

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Hyvinvointipalveluja koskevien kansalaismielipiteiden muutokset

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Kirjallisuutta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Yliopistojen henkilökunnan kotimaisten tieteellisten julkaisujen määrä ja saatavuus 2011-2012

Tausta-aineistoa ja laskelmia Jyrki Ilvan ja Johanna Liljan laatimaa selvitystä "Kotimaiset tieteelliset lehdet ja avoin julkaiseminen : selvitys mahdollisista rahoitusmalleista" varten.