Disputatio pro articulo VII. Libri concordiae

Painovuosi nimekkeestä.

De longitudine penduli simplicis pro Aboa determinanda

Dedicatio: Simon Appelgren.

Disputatio pro articulo I. Libri concordiae

Arkit: A-D4 D2.

Disputatio pro articulo IX. Libri concordiae

Painovuosi nimekkeestä.

Theoremata generalia pro dimensione figurarum geometricarum

Invocatio: D.D.

Sensory and Non-sensory Factors Behind the Liking and Choice of Healthy Food Products

A healthy and balanced diet can reduce health problems, such as overweight and metabolic syndrome. In general, people have a considerably good knowledge of what constitutes a healthy diet and how they could achieve it with their food choices. Besides, people argue that health is among their top five food choice motives. Nevertheless, the prevalence of overweight is increasing and other food choice motives, such as taste, seem to conflict with the health. Liking for food does not necessarily determine acceptance alone, thus several non-sensory factors, such as brand, country of origin and nutrition claim, can also influence. Moreover, consumers are individuals in how they prioritize sensory and nonsensory factors of foods, but e.g. increasing age, female gender and health concern have been connected to a more health-oriented dietary behaviour. To sum up, identifying different factors that can increase the liking and consumption of healthy food is essential in order to develop more attractive healthful food products. Adding vitamins, minerals, fibre or other ingredients to a food product can be used to enrich the nutritional quality of the products. However, this may be difficult in practice as regards the sensory quality and pleasantness of the foods. Generally, consumers are not willing to compromise on taste in food. On the other hand, consumers are very heterogeneous in their likings, and their personal values and attitudes may interact with preferences for specific sensory characteristics. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of intrinsic product characteristics on sensory properties and hedonic responses; to determine the impact of few non-sensory factors; and to examine the interaction between sensory and non-sensory factors with consumers’ demographics, values and attitudes in liking of healthy model foods. The results showed that product composition influenced sensory quality and had an effect on hedonic responses. Adding flaxseed to bakery products showed a significant improvement in the nutritional quality without negative effects on sensory properties. On the other hand, the fortification of wellness beverages with vitamins and minerals may impart off-flavours. In general, sweetness of yoghurts, freshness of wellness beverages and low intensity of rye bread flavour appealed to consumers. Information about the domestic origin of yoghurts and claiming a specific function for wellness beverages enhanced liking. However, consumers who were more concerned about their health and considered natural content as an important food choice motive, rated sourer and less sweet yoghurts and wellness beverages as more pleasant. In addition, interest in health increased the consumption of rye breads and other whole grain breads among adolescents. The results showed that the optimal product quality in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic factors differs between individual consumers, and personal values and food choice motives can be connected to preferences for specific sensory characteristics of foods. This indicates that each food product needs to be considered in relation to its specific market niche, and to which segment of consumer will respond most positively to its characteristics.

Consumer Search Behavior in High Involvement Purchases

The aim of this study is to investigate the consumer search behavior in high involvement purchases. The results of this research provide the descriptive analysis of the information search phase which is a part of the decision-making process. The study focuses on customer’s choice of the information sources, motivation behind it and different factors that influence the search behavior. Particular attention is paid to the purchase categorization and the differences in information search between products and services. The qualitative research method is chosen for this study. The data is gathered through ten theme interviews. Each participant of the interview describes his/her own search behavior in a product and a service case. The results indicate that consumer search behavior vary according to the purchase categorization, demographic, individual and situational factors. Moreover, the above-mentioned factors influence the purpose and position of the information search phase in a five-step decision making model.

Estimation of existing cable systems in generator-busbar unit and choice the optimal solution for its modernization

The aim of this master’s thesis is to develop an algorithm to calculate the cable network for heat and power station CHGRES. This algorithm includes important aspect which has an influence on the cable network reliability. Moreover, according to developed algorithm, the optimal solution for modernization cable system from economical and technical point of view was obtained. The conditions of existing cable lines show that replacement is necessary. Otherwise, the fault situation would happen. In this case company would loss not only money but also its prestige. As a solution, XLPE single core cables are more profitable than other types of cable considered in this work. Moreover, it is presented the dependence of value of short circuit current on number of 10/110 kV transformers connected in parallel between main grid and considered 10 kV busbar and how it affects on final decision. Furthermore, the losses of company in power (capacity) market due to fault situation are presented. These losses are commensurable with investment to replace existing cable system.

Suomalaisen muotikaupan kansainvälistymisen motiivien vaikutus operaatiomuodon valintaan

Muotikaupan kansainvälistymisen motiivien vaikutusta operaatiomuodon valintaan on aikaisemmin tutkittu niukasti. Tutkijoiden painopiste on ollut lähinnä kansainvälistymisen motiivien selvittämisessä ja eri operaatiomuotojen soveltuvuuden analysoimisessa. Pro gradu -tutkielman tavoitteena on esittää, miten muotikaupan kansainvälistymisen motiivit vaikuttavat operaatiomuodon valintaan suomalaisen yrityksen näkökulmasta. Teorialähtöisen kvalitatiivisen case-tutkimuksen primääriaineisto kerättiin teemahaastatteluin Venäjälle kansainvälistymistä pohtivasta yrityksestä. Tutkimustulokset todistavat muotikaupan kansainvälistymisen motiivien vaikuttavan merkittävästi operaatiomuodon valintaan, mutta motiivien ohella vaikuttavat myös muut tekijät, tärkeimpinä kontrollin tarve ja kohdemaan markkinaolosuhteet. Lisäksi keskeisenä vaikuttavana tekijänä on huomioitava valikoiman sopeutustarve kohdemarkkinoilla. Tulokset osoittavat motiivien sekä muiden tekijöiden ja operaatiomuodon valinnan välisen, kontekstisidonnaisen, kausaalisuhteen lisäksi karkealla tasolla vaikuttavien tekijöiden keskinäistä tärkeysjärjestystä ja vaikutusastetta operaatiomuodon valintaan.

Choice of Business Process Modeling Methodology - Case Northern Dimension Research Centre (NORDI) in Lappeenranta University of Technology

The main outcome of the master thesis is innovative solution, which can support a choice of business process modeling methodology. Potential users of this tool are people with background in business process modeling and possibilities to collect required information about organization’s business processes. Master thesis states the importance of business process modeling in implementation of strategic goals of organization. It is made by revealing the place of the concept in Business Process Management (BPM) and its particular case Business Process Reengineering (BPR). In order to support the theoretical outcomes of the thesis a case study of Northern Dimension Research Centre (NORDI) in Lappeenranta University of Technology was conducted. On its example several solutions are shown: how to apply business process modeling methodologies in practice; in which way business process models can be useful for BPM and BPR initiatives; how to apply proposed innovative solution for a choice of business process modeling methodology.

International research partnerships: establishing partner selection criteria in the university-university context

The main objective of the study was to identify and evaluate criteria for international partner selection in university-university context. This study attempted at promoting better understanding of how universities should proceed in selecting partners for producing joint research publications. Thus, the aim of the study was to gain an understanding of how research collaborations can be developed and how partners can be selected. The choice of a right partner has been identified as a precondition for partnership success. In international research collaborations partnering scientists with different skills and backgrounds bring together complementary knowledge into research projects, which in most cases results in a higher quality output. Therefore, prior to selecting a partner, the set of criteria should be established. This research examined twelve Russian universities with the status of national research university as potential partners for Lappeenranta University of Technology, and selected the most appropriate universities based on established set of criteria. Potential partners’ evaluation was done using secondary sources by tracking partners’ academic success during the period 2005 – 2010. Based on established criteria, the study calculated the partnership index for each university. The results of the research reveal that among twelve examined universities there are four potential partners who have been rather active in publishing scientific articles during 2005 – 2010.

Palveluyrityksen brändin vaikutus ostopäätökseen b2b-markkinoilla

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kuvata brändin olemusta ja menestystekijöitä ja ymmärtää palveluyrityksen brändin vaikutus ostotilanteessa b2b-markkinoilla. Tutkittavaa ongelmaa lähestytään teoreettisen ja empiirisen tutkimuksen kautta. Empiirisen näkökulman tutkimukseen tuo case-yritys, monipalveluyhtiö Barona, jonka brändin merkitystä ostotilanteessa b2b-markkinoilla tutkimuksessa arvioidaan. Tutkimuksen pääongelma on seuraava: Miten palveluyrityksen brändi vaikuttaa ostopäätökseen b2b-markkinoilla? Tutkimuksen lähestymistapa on kvalitatiivinen eli laadullinen. Tutkimusstrategia on case- eli tapaustutkimus ja tutkimusmenetelmänä on käytetty teemahaastattelua. Brändikokemuksen syntymistä ja sen vaikutusta ostopäätökseen tarkastellaan empiriaosiossa asiakkaan ja brändin hallinnoijan, eli Baronan, näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat sitä olettamusta, että palveluyrityksen brändillä on vaikutusta ostopäätöksessä myös b2b-markkinoilla. Brändit b2b-markkinoilla ovat saaneet kuluttajamarkkinoita vähemmän huomiota, sillä brändien vaikutus ostopäätöksessä koetaan irrationaaliseksi tekijäksi, ja yritysmarkkinoilla ostajien on ajateltu tekevän päätökset täysin rationaalisin perustein. Myös b2b-markkinoilla on päätöksentekijänä kuitenkin yksilö, ei organisaatio. Palvelua ostaessaan ostaja perustelee valintansa järkisyillä, kuten laadulla. Todelliset syyt hankintaan voivat kuitenkin olla hyvin toisenlaiset, kuten brändin status, menestys tai arvostus. Brändi on merkittävässä asemassa myös b2b-asiakkaan ostopäätösprosessissa, varsinkin silloin, kun erottautuminen on vaikeaa. Siinä missä palvelu itsessään lunastaa lupaustaan käyttäjälle, brändi tuottaa lisäarvoa yli palvelun toiminnallisen tarkoituksen. Brändi saa palvelun vaikuttamaan paremmalta. Tietynmerkkisen palvelun nähdessään asiakas odottaa sen tarjoavan tietyt asiat. Asiakas haluaa luottaa siihen, että laatu pysyy samana, eikä palvelua tarvitse joka kerta arvioida erikseen. Asiakas ostaa brändiin sisältyviä laatulupauksia omien tarpeidensa täyttämiseksi tehden valintansa sen perusteella, mitä hyötyä ja arvoa hän odottaa saavansa rahojensa vastineeksi.

Dissertatio academica, de Alandia, Maris Baltici insula, cujus partem posteriorem, consensu ampliss. facultatis philosoph. in Reg. Acad. Upsal. praeside ... mag. Petro Ekerman, ... Ad publicum examen, pro gradu, modeste defert alumnus regius, Christophorus Tärnström, Uplandus, ... In auditor. Carol. majori die XXVII. Nov. MDCCXLV. Horis ante meridiem solitis

Dedicated to: Jacobus Benzelius, Theodorus Ankarcrona, Matthias Grunerus, Olaus Thorin, Andreas Backman, Martinus Jonae Friberg, Carolus Gustavus Hallman, Andreas Sylvanus, Daniel P. Mansnerus, Daniel Lindqvist.