Koti ja koulu kasvattajina : kurkistus oppilaan ja opettajan arkeen

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[Kurzrezensionen]

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Porous Bodies, Porous Minds. Emotions and the Supernatural in the Íslendingasögur (ca. 1200–1400)

In my PhD Thesis, I study the conceptions and representation of emotions in medieval 13th and 14th-century Iceland. I have used Icelandic saga literature as my source material and Icelandic Family sagas (Íslendingasögur) as my main sources. Firstly, I wished to explore in my study the medieval Icelandic folk theory of emotions: what emotions were thought to be, from what they originated and how they operated? Secondly, in earlier research it has been shown that emotions were seldom described in Íslendingasögur. They were mostly represented in dialogue, poetry or in somatic changes (e.g. turning pale). Consequently, I examined whether medieval Icelanders had alternative emotion discourses in literature, in addition to the usual manner of representation. My study consists of qualitative case studies, and I have analysed the sources intertextually. I suggest that medieval Icelanders regarded emotions as movements of the mind. The mind existed in the heart. As a consequence, emotions were considered physical in nature. The human body and therefore also the human mind was considered porous: if the mind of the person was not strong enough, supernatural agents and forces could penetrate theboundaries of his/her body as winds or sharp projectiles. Correspondingly, minds of strong-willed people could penetrate the minds of others. As a result, illness and emotions could upspring. People did not always distinguish between emotions and physical illnesses. Excessive emotions could cause illness, even death. Especially fear, grief and emotions of moral responsibility (e.g. guilt) made people vulnerable to the supernatural influence. Guilt was considered part of the emotional experience of misfortune (ógæfa), and in literature guilt could also be represented as eye pain that was inflicted upon the sufferer by a supernatural agent in a dream. Consequently, supernatural forces and beings were part of the upspring of emotions, but also part of the representation of emotions in literature: They caused the emotion but their presence also represented the emotional turmoil in the lives of the people that the supernatural agents harassed; emotions that had followed from norm transgressions, betrayal and other forms of social disequilibrium. Medieval readers and listeners of the Íslendingasögur were used to interpreting such different layers of meaning in texts.

Perehdyttäminen osana strategista osaamisen kehittämistä - Uusien esimiesten perehdyttäminen kuntaorganisaatiossa

Perehdyttäminen ja osaamisen kehittäminen ovat koko ajan entistä keskeisempiä tekijöitä yritysten menestymisessä entistä nopeammin muuttuvassa maailmassa. Tässä Pro gradu-tutkielmassa tutkitaan uusien esimiesten perehdyttämistä. Tavoitteena on selvittää esimiesten perehdyttämisen toteuttaminen, keskeiset kehittämiskohteet sekä henkilöstöhallinnossa kartoitettujen esimiestyön osaamisvaatimusten näkyminen kohdeorganisaation perehdytysprosessissa. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan perehdyttämisen ja osaamisen kehittämisen tieteellistä viitekehystä. Tutkimuksessa on yhdistetty laadullisen ja määrällisen tutkimuksen menetelmiä. Tutkimus on toteutettu sähköisenä lomakekyselynä. Uusien esimiesten perehdyttämisen toteuttamisessa oli havaittavissa eroja kohdeorganisaation uusien esimiesten välillä. Pääasiallisena perehdyttäjänä oli toiminut oma esimies. Suuri osa esimiehistä oli melko tyytyväisiä omaan perehdyttämiseensä ja heillä oli positiivisia kehittymisnäkymiä osaamisensa kasvamisesta seuraavan vuoden aikana. Keskeisinä kehittämiskohteina esille nousivat epäyhteneväisyydet perehdyttämisessä, joidenkin uusien esimiesten yksin jääminen sekä perehdyttämisen tukimateriaalien tarve. Esimiestyön osaamisvaatimuksia ei ollut tuotu aktiivisesti esiin prosessin aikana.

Numerical Studies of Dark Energy Models and Observations

The cosmological standard view is based on the assumptions of homogeneity, isotropy and general relativistic gravitational interaction. These alone are not sufficient for describing the current cosmological observations of accelerated expansion of space. Although general relativity is extremely accurately tested to describe the local gravitational phenomena, there is a strong demand for modifying either the energy content of the universe or the gravitational interaction itself to account for the accelerated expansion. By adding a non-luminous matter component and a constant energy component with negative pressure, the observations can be explained with general relativity. Gravitation, cosmological models and their observational phenomenology are discussed in this thesis. Several classes of dark energy models that are motivated by theories outside the standard formulation of physics were studied with emphasis on the observational interpretation. All the cosmological models that seek to explain the cosmological observations, must also conform to the local phenomena. This poses stringent conditions for the physically viable cosmological models. Predictions from a supergravity quintessence model was compared to Supernova 1a data and several metric gravity models were studied with local experimental results. Polytropic stellar configurations of solar, white dwarf and neutron stars were numerically studied with modified gravity models. The main interest was to study the spacetime around the stars. The results shed light on the viability of the studied cosmological models.

Ideologiakriittinen näkökulma road-elokuvaan

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